2016届江苏常州市高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（3）

　　江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（3）及答案【含短文语法填空讲解】

　　高考英语语法填空考前精讲精练（答案）

　　短文填词专项解读

　　2009年以来，高考英语(福建卷)第二卷第四部分“写作”的第一节为“短文填词”，共设10小题，每小题1分，满分10分，要求考生阅读一篇短文并根据汉语提示、首字母提示或语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。

　　尽管考生在备考的过程中做了大量的短文填词练习，然而从近五年的高考实践看，考生这一部分的得分率偏低。那么在复习过程中，如何备考才能提高得分呢？笔者愿以近五年引导学生备考的做法及感悟，与大家分享。

　　一、再现真题，感悟考点。

　　(一) 请完成以下三篇短文填词。

　　(1) 2016(福建卷)短文填词

　　Every individual is a member of a group called the community, and it

　　is the duty of every citizen

　　ask what he can do for his community.

　　76.

　　A good citizen

　　(相信) that he should serve the

　　77.

　　community and not the community serve h

　　. As students,

　　78.

　　there are many ways in

　　you can serve the community.

　　79.

　　Above all, however, you have to acquire a certain amount of

　　skill and experience b

　　you can be of service to others.

　　80.

　　Your school has lots of

　　(活动) which prepare you

　　81.

　　good

　　citizenship. Many school societies train students

　　82.

　　to become good citizens who later p

　　in volunteer work

　　83.

　　and serve the public in t

　　of need. If you serve your community,

　　84.

　　you will grow

　　to be a good citizen with a strong sense of

　　85.

　　responsibility.

　　(2) 2016(福建卷)短文填词

　　People often don’t do what they really want to for fear of

　　failure. You don’t apply for a job

　　case you don’t get it.

　　76.

　　You don’t perform at the school concert b

　　others might

　　77.

　　laugh at you. A lack of confidence can l

　　to a lot of

　　78.

　　suffering. The key to o

　　this problem is to believe in

　　79.

　　yourself. This might be

　　(容易) said than done, but there

　　80.

　　are many w

　　to help you do this. Talk about your problem

　　81.

　　with a friend or look

　　advice on the Internet. Imagine

　　82.

　　yourself being

　　(成功) and practice breathing techniques

　　83.

　　to keep you calm when you get nervous. And the

　　important

　　84.

　　thing is: believe you can do it. When you’ve

　　(学会) to do

　　85.

　　that, you are well on your way.

　　(3) 2011(福建卷)短文填词

　　Sport is necessary for everyone. It helps you keep fit. Fitness is

　　i

　　if you want to be healthy throughout your life. The best

　　76.

　　way to keep fit is to get plenty

　　exercise by doing sport.

　　77.

　　According to

　　(科学家), doing sport can benefit

　　78.

　　people a lot mentally as well as physically. The

　　sport

　　79.

　　they do, the happier they will f

　　. Besides, sport can help

　　80.

　　people develop will and determination. These qualities help people

　　achieve their goals b

　　they will not give up so easily when

　　81.

　　(面对) difficulties. What’s more, sport builds team spirit,

　　82.

　　which is good for the whole society. It helps people work

　　(密切)

　　83.

　　and smoothly and think about

　　, not just themselves.

　　84.

　　In c

　　, sport is good for your health and happiness, and

　　85.

　　for society.

　　(二) 请核对答案并将自己的答案与正确答案备注。

　　题号 2016 2016 2011

　　参考答案 错误备注 参考答案 错误备注 参考答案 错误备注

　　76 to

　　in

　　important

　　77

　　believes

　　because

　　of

　　78

　　him

　　lead

　　scientists

　　79

　　which

　　overcoming

　　more

　　80

　　before

　　easier

　　feel

　　81

　　activities

　　ways

　　because

　　82

　　for

　　for

　　facing

　　83

　　participate

　　successful

　　closely

　　84

　　time

　　most

　　others

　　85

　　up

　　learnt/learned

　　conclusion

　　从备注的错误中可以看出，常见的错误有：

　　(1) 词形未变化。如：

　　。

　　(2) 拼写错误。如：

　　。

　　(3) 其他。如：

　　。

　　(三) 2009年至2016年高考(福建卷)短文填词考点一览表及简析。

　　考点 2016 2016 2011 2010 2009

　　动词 believes,

　　participate lead, overcoming,

　　learned/learnt feel,

　　facing need, give

　　compared, includes,

　　given, benefit

　　名词 activities,

　　time ways scientists,

　　conclusion toys,

　　peace grammar,

　　beginning

　　代词 him,which

　　others their ourselves,which

　　形容词

　　successful,

　　easier important

　　possible

　　副词 up most more, closely more carefully

　　连词 before because because when

　　介词 to, for for, in of besides, on in

　　短文填词是写作的一部分，文章的篇幅在120-130个单词之间，约12行，共设10小题，每小题的答案一般都具有唯一性的特点。短文填词与书面表达文章难度设定大体一致。

　　从以上表格可以看出，短文填词重点考查单词拼写，语言基础知识，语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文 内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。具体的考点是以实词(动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词)为主，兼顾虚词(介词、连词)。

　　(1) 难点在于词形变化，主要是动词、名词及代词的变化。如，2016年81题的activities。

　　(2) 连词与三大从句有关，而介词与习惯搭配有关，均是常考点。如，2016年82题考查了prepare sb. for sth.的习惯搭配。

　　(3) 应特别注意尽管没有词形变化，但平时容易拼错的词。如， 2011年78题的scientists及85题的conclusion等。

　　(4) 复习备考时多注意常用词句、固定句型或搭配，甚至谚语的积累。2016年短文填词中it is the duty of every citizen to ask what he can do for his community这一句是it is the duty of sb. to do sth.的固定搭配。2016年短文填词中This might be easier said than done这一句是由谚语It is easier said than done改写的，因此要引起对于谚语的重视。2011年The more sport they do, the happier…与2010 年when it comes to practicing our musical instruments 属于固定句型。2009年If possible，是固定搭配。

　　(5) 要熟练掌握篇章连接词。如，2009年Firstly…Then…After that…Lastly…；2010年First of all…Besides that…In addition…Worst of all…及2011年Besides…What’s more,…等。

　　(6) 注意篇章与语境。2016年84题填most是由于之前已经谈了几条建议。

　　(7) 从基础词法与句法做出判断。如，2009年84题填which，因为这是一个非限制性定语从句。2010年77题填need，因为助动词don’t后面必为动词原形。2011年80题填feel，因为the happier是形容词，属于主系表结构。2016年85题填learnt/learned，因为they’ve=they have, 这里的have是完成时结构中的助动词，后面必为过去分词。2016年79题填which, 因为这是一个定语从句.

　　二、2016年短文填词备考技巧各个击破。

　　(一) 词形变化。

　　(1) 动词

　　1. Scientists discovered the water by h____ a bit of the soil to 835 degrees in the chemistry lab.

　　2. All the cats in the café were ____ (遭遗弃的) cats that were adopted from rescue centers.

　　3. He removed a piece of bread from his pocket and ____ a bite.

　　4. The research p____ in the Journal Neuron last month also proved the point.

　　5. Hundreds of angry people b____ the windows, set fire to the offices and drew graffiti (乱画) on the walls.

　　6. The government ____ (派遣) hundreds of police officers to guard the local buildings last Saturday.

　　7. A teacher warned that children t____ to look like superstars on TV would end up with unhappiness.

　　8. If a____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.

　　9. As he coughed and choked, he jumped up and down, ____ (喊叫) loudly.

　　10. He said he never understood why people ____ (关注) so much on what he did.

　　11. She began making model planes and ____ (收集) books and magazines about planes when she was a little girl.

　　12. ____ (选择) a subject is not going to be easy.

　　13. With such unhealthy air quality, some simple ways are ____ (推荐) for you to reduce higher risk of health problems.

　　14. They kept the clothes that they already had, and stopped b____ any more.

　　15. Problems ____ (出现) when our computer and television broke down.

　　Key:

　　1. heating 2. abandoned3. took/had4. published 5. broke 6. sent7. trying8. asked 9. shouting 10. focused

　　11. collecting12. Choosing13. recommended14. buying 15. arose

　　(2) 名词、形容词与副词

　　1. The next time you feel ____ (无聊的), play a game or cards.

　　2. I was enjoying the busy traffic with people rushing in every possible ____ (方向) when we got stuck at a very busy crossroads.

　　3. Are dolphins more i____ than other animals?

　　4. The government wants to make sure that all local schools have ____ (相似的) standards.

　　5. All through the Middle Ages, chickens only laid eggs for part of the year, m____ in the spring.

　　6. With the i____ of pottery (陶器) about 5,000 BC, boiling food gradually became more common.

　　7. If you have any suggestions, please speak to me d____.

　　8. A week without water can e____ kill the average person.

　　9. Just as New York Times says, this is a book with the ____ (有魔力的) power to inspire and comfort its readers.

　　10. I had an ____ (预约) with Dr. Green last Friday.

　　11. My experiment was soon finished, and it made a deep ____ (印象) on me.

　　12. Worry and anxiety can turn into physical and emotional symptoms quickly, e____ for younger age groups.

　　Key:

　　1. bored 2. direction 3. intelligent

　　4. similar

　　5. mainly 6. invention 7. directly 8. easily9. magic 10. appointment

　　11. impression 12. especially

　　(3) 代词

　　1. Mice who ate nuts made improvements in learning and memory, compared with ____ who didn’t ate nuts.

　　2. This poor little boy who had only one piece of bread shared ____ immediately with the dog.

　　3. I thanked him for his good wishes and wished ____ luck in his future life.

　　4. Since nobody gave her any help, she must have done the research on ____ own.

　　5. We appreciate how important ____ is for parents and kids to spend quality time together.

　　Key:1. those 2. it 3. him 4. her 5. it

　　(二) 常见拼写错误词汇。

　　1. The captain was visiting the island and wanted to know if the soldiers had any ____ (抱怨).

　　2. A survey found that over half of schoolchildren lacked ____ (信心) because of their body shape.

　　3. Dweck and her colleagues asked 87 college students to describe their ____ (信仰).

　　4. Turkey ____ (宣布) that it had decided to talk with AgustaWestland to produce the helicopter.

　　5. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with p____.

　　6. He spent the rest of his life trying to pay little attention to his ____ (成就).

　　7. As a teenager, he got his driving ____ at the age of 16.

　　8. It seems that the old tradition of children getting a bedtime story before sleeping is ____ (消失) in Britain.

　　9. Parents came up with a v____ of reasons why they did not spend more time with their little ones.

　　10. They have held a singing c____ for children under ten and a 7-year-old girl won first place at last.

　　Key:

　　1. complaint(s) 2. confidence 3. beliefs 4. announced 5. patience

　　6. achievement(s) 7. license 8. disappearing 9. variety 10. competition

　　(三) 简单句、并列句与复合句。

　　1. Hundreds of students ____ are interested in the program joined the athletes in the streets.

　　2. Read this story, ____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

　　3. The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the test. We were warned not to cheat again, ____ she would see our parents.

　　4. It’s not easy to change habits, ____ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.

　　5. She says that she’ll have to close the shop ____ the business improves.

　　6. ____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

　　7. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ____ they live.

　　8. We have launched another man-made satellite, ____ is announced in today’s newspaper.

　　9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ____ are family members.

　　10. Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　11. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory.

　　12. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.

　　13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.

　　14. Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.

　　15. Experts believe ____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

　　Key:

　　1. who 2. and 3. or 4. but 5. unless 6. What 7. where 8. which

　　9. whom 10. who 11. how 12. which

　　13. whose

　　14. what

　　15. that

　　(四) 牢记固定短语、搭配或句型。

　　1. These types of games are so interesting ____ they can improve one’s intelligence.

　　2. You should have a good rest. ____ the other hand, eat more fruit and vegetables!

　　3. Not only are nuts the perfect snack for a summer road trip, they ____ keep your mind sharp.

　　4. In this season, there is plenty ____ daylight but it isn’t too hot.

　　5. Around 55 per cent of teachers reported that girls were more sensitive ____ comments about their looks.

　　6. Many young people are on a ____ to make themselves attractive.

　　7. T____ to physical scientist, Quoc Truong, you may not have to worry about your dry cleaning bill ever again!

　　8. I think it makes no difference whether the teachers are using red ____ blue pens to grade papers.

　　9. If we had booked a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here ____ a queue.

　　10. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered by c____ a long lost antique Greek vase.

　　Key: 1. that 2. On 3. also4. of 5. to 6. diet 7. Thanks

　　8. or 9. in 10. chance

　　(五) 语篇、语境、逻辑及一致关系。

　　1. A serious study of physics is impossible ____ some knowledge of mathematics.

　　2. The boy waited ____ he was sure the dog was gone, and then he picked up the bread and ate it!

　　3. It is said that people have been eating eggs ____ about six million years ago.

　　4. If one o____ loses self-confidence, he can never expect to be successful.

　　5. B____ you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library for a book about it.

　　6. Even if you’ve lost something, let ____ go and move on. That’s better than continuing to lose.

　　7. Smog (雾霾) hurts people’s eyes, nose, and throat, which can make it more difficult for the body to f____ against an infection.

　　8. As millions of students return to school this year, a lot of students need effective methods to a____ to the change.

　　Key: 1. without

　　2. until/till 3. since 4. once 5. Before 6. it 7. fight 8. adapt

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　If, for some reason, you had 2, 010 empty plastic bottles, what would you do? You’d probably sell them cheaply, right? But Xia Yu collected 2, 010 bottles and built a boat with them. As you read this, Xia is, in fact, on a river somewhere in Anhui, slowly going towards his destination: the Expo Garden in Shanghai. 2, 010 plastic bottles was to celebrate Expo (世博会)2010 Shanghai. On the opening day of the Expo, Xia, together with five friends, went on a 1, 500 kilometres’ journey from Xiangtan to the Expo Garden, in spite of the doubt whether they’ll make it. After all, the boat they are on can hardly be called a boat. It cost only 2, 000 yuan to build in a month.

　　What’s keeping Xia going is a major cause behind the trip. “We are examining water pollution through our journey and trying to promote a low-carbon (低碳)lifestyle. Before we started, no one believed we could sail the boat to the Dongting Lake. But we made it.”But as they expected, the journey has not always been smooth. Of the six from Xiangtan, four gave up. As of the press time (到发稿时), only Xia and his friend Huang Ying were on the boat. Huang suffered from a disease when they reached Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. Xia said, “There are so many things that can stop up from making it to Shanghai, like the weather, health, and sometimes swift river water.”

　　“The boat was produced in a factory according to our design, and perhaps it’s not in a very good condition. But,”Xia said, “we are wearing life jackets”. “Some boats passing by offered help.”What is more of a reward for Xia and Huang is that the Yangtze River turned out much cleaner than they had expected. Although Xia and Huang are uncertain about the journey ahead, they are “quite happy”with what they have already achieved. “After all, it’s not the destination that counts. It’s always the course that matters the most.”

　　1. Xia Yu doubts the success of the journey because of______.　

　　A. such a long journey on the river

　　B. the poor boat and the bad weather

　　C. few people taking part in the journey

　　D. the seriously polluted river in some parts

　　2. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the journey?

　　A. To examine water pollution.

　　B. To celebrate Expo 2010 Shanghai.

　　C. To win a race on the water.

　　D. To promote a low-carbon lifestyle.

　　3. From the text we know that______.　

　　A. they stay on the boat at night

　　B. three people gave up due to their bad health

　　C. Xia Yu and his mate have arrived in Shanghai

　　D. Huang suffered from a disease on the journey

　　4. The last paragraph tells us Xia Yu and Huang Ying______.　

　　A. pay more attention to the process

　　B. are sure to arrive at the destination

　　C. helped turn the Yangtze River cleaner

　　D. are happy because of their final success

　　【参考答案】34.BCDA 　

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　I didn’t realize how short I was until I started school. There, a few kids picked on(欺负)me, calling me names. Then I knew. After that, I began to hate the first day of school each year. I didn’t know who was new and would stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. Some of the kids would point and say, “Look at that kid. Look at her.”

　　As time went on, I just tried to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I was determined to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. My friends became increasingly protective. They’d help me up the bus steps. If people were cruel, they would take them aside and correct them.

　　What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality—my ability to laugh, even at myself. For example, one time I was reaching into the washing machine at my parents’ house to grab the wet clothes. I fell all the way in and yell for Mother, who was sitting nearby reading the paper. Watching feet flying everywhere, she laughed quietly and said, “I should leave you there.”I laughed with her.

　　I’m 47 now, and the stares have not decreased as I’ve grown older. People ask my friends if I live in a dollhouse. They look in disbelief when they see me get out of my car on the driver’s side. During those times, I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, “Look what else I have—a great family, nice friends. . .”

　　1. What is the main idea of the second and third paragraphs?

　　A. How the writer changed her disadvantage to advantage.

　　B. The writer’s friends and mother loved her deeply.

　　C. The writer had many friends helping her.

　　D. The writer had the ability to laugh.

　　2. By saying “the stares have not decreased”in the last paragraph, the author suggests that______.　

　　A. she is able to live a happy life like a normal person

　　B. she isn’t afraid of being noticed by others any more

　　C. some people still don’t treat her as a normal person

　　D. more and more people treat her with respect now

　　3. How is the author feeling now about her situation?

　　A. Quite optimistic.

　　B. Very satisfied.

　　C. Deeply upset.

　　D. Rather anxious.

　　4. We can infer that the author believes that______.　

　　A. society should help the disabled as much as possible

　　B. only your parents and friends can help you

　　C. what people say about you is none of your business

　　D. all people should be treated with respect

　　【参考答案】35.ACAD