2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（15）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（15）及（解析）答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”

　　There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black­face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。

　　1．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。

　　答案　B．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti­slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。

　　答案　D．What best proves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。

　　答案　C．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　解析　推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。

　　答案　C．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　解析　词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。

　　答案　D．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　解析　主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。

　　答案　AA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Guide to Stockholm University Library

　　Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

　　Zones

　　The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

　　Computers

　　You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi－Fi specially prepared for notebook computers；you can also use library computers，which contain the most commonly used applications，such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

　　Group－study Places

　　If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.

　　There are 40 group－study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book，you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week.

　　Storage of Study Material

　　The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分)，you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.

　　Rules to be Followed

　　Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

　　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

　　1．The library's upper floor is mainly for students to________.

　　A．read in a quiet place

　　B．have group discussions

　　C．take comfortable seats

　　D．get their computers fixed

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Zones中第二句话The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading可知选A。

　　答案　A。

　　2．What condition should be met to book a group－study room?

　　A．A group must consist of 8 people.

　　B．Three－hour use per day is the minimum.

　　C．One should first register at the university.

　　D．Applicants must mark the room on the map.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Group－study Places中第二段可知选C。

　　答案　C．A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.

　　A．can afford the rental fee

　　B．attends certain courses

　　C．has nowhere to put his books

　　D．has earned the required credits

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Storage of Study Material中第二句可知选D。

　　答案　D．What should NOT be brought into the library?　A．Mobile phones.

　　B．Orange juice.

　　C．Candy.

　　D．Sandwiches.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据Rules to be Followed中mobile phones，drinks and sweets可带入图书馆，排除A、B和C，选D。

　　答案　D阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。We were moving to a new state after my husband had been out of work for many months and we had no money. In fact, we had to borrow money to reach our destination town. Anyway, it was my husband, two boys aged four and two, and myself, seven months pregnant (怀孕), in an old Volvo station wagon. We had been driving for two days in the middle of winter (that car’s heater didn’t work), and we had taken a route that was very desolate. There was nothing around for miles－no cars, buildings or signs of civilization. Suddenly, our car started losing power and the gauges(汽油表) went all out of order. We saw a light in the distance and managed to roll to a stop in front of this property that looked like a small simple house. Our cell phones had not gotten reception for many miles, and it was freezing outside, so I didn’t know if we were going to make it out of this situation alive. My husband got out of the car to see if there was something he could do to get us rolling again, but it was not looking good. A short while later, a man came out of the house and spoke with my husband a bit before inviting us all into his home. He and his wife took us in, fed us, and made us feel at home as we struggled to find some way to get to our destination, which was still a few hours’ drive away. We were able to call a friend and get a ride, leaving our broken car behind, but not before the couple gave us food and water for our journey. One week later, this dear sweet couple pulled our car all the way to our place and refused to take anything in return, except for us to pay it forward－and we have, and will continue to do it forever.

　　1. We can learn from the text that the family________.

　　A. had a hopeless future

　　B. was in financial difficulty

　　C. suffered from a company crash

　　D. wanted to turn to their relatives for help

　　2. The underlined word “ desolate” probably mean________.

　　A. deserted

　　B. advanced

　　C. smooth

　　D. muddy

　　3. Knowing that the wagon had broken down, the author________.

　　A. called her friend several miles away for help

　　B. stopped the car in front of a simple service station

　　C. was afraid that they couldn’t overcome the difficulty

　　D. encouraged her husband and children to be confident

　　4. We can learn from the text that the family___________.

　　A. got out of their financial difficulty

　　B. met with more troubles after that

　　C. came back to thank the couple who had helped them

　　D. followed the couple’s example in return for their help

　　参考答案1-4、BACD

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.

　　Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

　　Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”) , the same mirror neurons weretriggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball) .

　　Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

　　Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动) . Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.

　　1. Mirror neurons can explain　.　

　　A. why we cry when we are hurt

　　B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold

　　C. why we smile when we see someone else smile

　　D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late

　　2. The underlined word“triggered”in the third paragraph probably means“　”.　

　　A. set off B. cut off　C. built up D. broken up

　　3. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons　.　

　　A. relate to human behavior and interaction

　　B. control human physical actions and feelings

　　C. result in bad behavior and social disorders

　　D. determine our knowledge and language abilities

　　4. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Ways to find mirror neurons.　 B. Problems of mirror neurons.

　　C. Existence of mirror neurons.　 D. Functions of mirror neurons.

　　【参考答案】1—4、CAAD