2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（137）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（137）

　　2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Inspectors questioned 105 young people for a report on apprenticeships published on Wednesday. They found several examples of young people who felt they had been laughed at by their teachers for wanting to progress to work-based learning, particularly in care or hairdressing, rather than stay on at school.

　　　 Right or wrong, is it any surprise that this is happening? From 2016，the government will measure schools according to the rate of their pupils who go to university. Brian Lightman , general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, says the government has already put teachers under “very great pressure to focus on academic subjects”.

　　　On the other hand, the Education Act 2011，which came into force in November, places schools under a duty to give fair career advice to pupils. This advice must include information on all post-16 education and training choices, including apprenticeships. This doesn’t appear to be happening in several schools, according to Ofsted9S report. Many of the young people the inspectors talked to said the advice they had received on apprenticeships was “unsatisfactory”.

　　Schools were also blamed for lack of work experience courses, which are particularly important for teenagers considering an apprenticeship. They help students decide whether they enjoy a line of work and enable employers to see whether those on work experience have the potential to be hired as apprentices in future years.

　　But there is a good reason why they can’t do this: they’d be unable to adapt to GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书）exams if they did. Sometimes, it seems, schools just can’t win.

　　1. Why do teachers oppose the students’ leaving school and working as apprentices?

　　A. The government urges teachers to concentrate on academic subjects.

　　B. The students are only wasting time working as apprentices.

　　C. Employers are under great pressure of taking GCSE exams.

　　D. Employers don’t give students chances to work as apprentices

　　2. Pressure for schools to provide pupils with career advice comes from ______.

　　A. Association of School and College Leaders

　　B. Education Act 2011

　　C. GCSE exams

　　D. OFSTED

　　3. What does the author think of teachers’ discouraging students working as apprentices?

　　A. Surprising

　　B. Understandable

　　C. Wrong

　　D. Right

　　参考答案1—3、A B B

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　FILTON, just outside Bristol, is where Britain’s fleet of Concorde supersonic（超音速的）airliners was built. There, something remarkable is being created. Little by little a machine is “printing” a complex titanium bracket (钛合金支架), about the size of a shoe, which normally would have to be cut from a solid block of metal. Brackets are only the beginning. The researchers at Filton have a much bigger ambition: to print the entire wing of an airliner.

　　Unrealistic as this may seem, many other people are using 3D printing technology to create similarly remarkable things. These include medical implants, jewellery, football boots designed for individual feet, lampshades, racing-car parts, solid-state batteries and customized mobile phones. Some are even making mechanical devices (仪器). At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Peter Schmitt, a PhD student, has been printing something that is like the workings of a grandfather clock. It took him a few attempts to get right, but eventually he removed the plastic clock from a 3D printer, hung it on the wall and pulled down the counterweight. It started ticking.

　　Engineers and designers have been using 3D printers for more than a decade, but mostly to make original types quickly and cheaply before they embark on the expensive business of tooling up a factory to produce the real thing. As 3D printers have become more able to work with a broader range of materials, including production-grade plastics and metals, the machines are increasingly being used to make final products too. More than 20% of the output of 3D printers is now final products rather than original types, according to Terry Wohlers, who runs a research firm specializing in the field. He predicts that this will rise to 50% by 2020.

　　1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. Filton is in the centre of Bristol.

　　B. Peter tried to print a clock, but in vain.

　　C. a remarkable metal bracket is being created.

　　D. 3D printing technology is available to all of us.

　　2. The underlined word “embark” probably means “_________”.

　　A. workB. landC. dependD. fix

　　3. We can conclude from the last paragraph that __________.

　　A. Terry Wohlers’ s firm will make great profits

　　B. the technology of 3D printers will be widely adopted

　　C. 3D printers have been in use for at least 100 years

　　D. engineers and designers prefer printing original products

　　4. The passage is developed mainly in the form of _______.

　　A. time and events

　　B. definition and description

　　C. contrast and conclusion

　　D. examples and statements

　　【参考答案】1—4、 CABD

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rainforest is home to around two-thirds of all plant and animal species found on land—in addition to millions of people who depend on them for survival—our remaining ancient forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems known to science. They are also vitally important to the health of our planet, especially when it comes to regulating the climate. But ancient forests around the world are under attack.

　　Protecting rainforests is on the global agenda (议事日程) in a big way. Governments now recognize the importance of protecting tropical forests in order to avoid dangerous climate change, and there is now much debate. As governments try to thrash out the details of a new international agreement, expected to be signed at the end of 2009, they are discussing how best to include measures to save rainforests, and therefore address one of the major causes of climate change. Worldwide, forest destruction causes more greenhouse gas emissions (排放) each year than do all the trains, planes and cars on the planet. So if we are to deal with global warming, there is an urgent need to find ways to reduce the 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction each year, and to keep the remaining forests standing.

　　We need to protect the planet’s remaining forests not only to stop climate change from getting worse, but to ensure that we can stand the impacts of global warming. Healthy forests absorb and store quantities of carbon, helping to regulate temperature and generate rain. When they are destroyed, this carbon is released into the atmosphere. Thus keeping forests standing is both a critical part of regulating climate change and of adapting to a warmer world.

　　To date, most of the talk has focused on how to pay for reducing deforestation (滥伐森林), rather than on how to actually go about doing it. We believe governments need to support local people to protect their environment, as we have been showing for 20 years can be a very effective way of saving rainforests.

　　1. The best title for the passage is　.

　　A. Rainforest and Climate Change

　　B. Strategies on Protecting Rainforest

　　C. Serious Deforestation to Rainforest

　　D. Present Situation of Rainforest

　　2. From the first paragraph we can infer that　.

　　A. we have little rainforest left until now

　　B. the ancient forests are being destroyed

　　C. rainforest control the planet in many ways

　　D. Rainforest is home to all plants and animals on earth

　　3. The underlined part “thrash out” in the second paragraph means　.

　　A. try to understandB. come up with

　　C. hide away

　　D. have a thorough discussion

　　4. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction　.

　　A. are the same amount by transport on earth

　　B. take 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions

　　C. can be avoided by setting measures only

　　D. have nothing to do with climate change

　　5. From the text we can learn that healthy forest　.

　　A. can keep us healthy and happy

　　B. can increase the effect from global warming

　　C. can be helpful in adjusting the temperature

　　D. can give out large amounts of carbon

　　【参考答案】1—5、ABDBC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.

　　Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges.

　　“Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　“Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).

　　The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.

　　Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere.

　　“Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,” Beaulieu said.

　　1. From the second paragraph we can learn　.

　　A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expected

　　B. scientists’ calculation is totally wrong

　　C. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the rivers

　　D. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer

　　2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?

　　A. Fertilizer use.

　　B. Sewage discharges.

　　C. Fossil fuel combustion.

　　D. Climate change.

　　3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because　.

　　A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation

　　B. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate change

　　C. it is a far more common greenhouse gas

　　D. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide

　　4. What does the passage mainly tells us?

　　A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.

　　B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.

　　C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks

　　D What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide.

　　【参考答案】1—4、ADDA