么是词汇衔接:词汇衔接是指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义( hyponymy)、互补(complementarity)、整体与部分等关系,来使语篇意义连贯。
专家观点:按照语言学家的观点,英语词汇衔接关系可以分为两大 类:复现关系( reiteration)和同现关系(collocation)。因此在雅思听力中抓住词汇衔接是非常重要的。
【1】同现关系出现的信号词句——词汇链
同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中,围绕一定的话题,一定的词往往会同时出现,而其他一些词汇就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系非常密切。例如:
There are five people in my family. They all work in this city. My father is a doctor. My mother is a nurse. My brother is a driver. My sister is a teacher.
在这一语段中有两组词汇同现关系,第一组是people,my family,father,mother,brother,sister;第二组是 work,doctor,nurse,driver,teacher。把这两组词汇串在一起分析,就能非常容易地判断出该语篇的主题是谈论家人的职业。
在语言运用中,人们发现在意义上相互关联的词汇经常同时出现在某一语篇中,这些词语属于同一个词汇套,形成了“词汇链’’(1exical chain),因而,当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语即信号词句,便会由此联想到词汇套中的另一些词。例如,听到(读)“邮局”这个信号词时,人们通常会联 想到“寄信’’、“汇款”、“挂号信”、“邮票’’、“包裹”等词语。所以,当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或语段中时,这些词语就能衔接句子,起着连 句成篇的作用。
复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,语篇的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。
注意下面雅思听力测试的某一语段中的黑体词:
Clerk: Can I help you this evening, sir?
Traveler: Yes, please. I'd like... I'm traveling to San Francisco.
Clerk: OK, do you have your tickets already this evening?
Traveler: Yes ,I do.
Clerk: OK, sir, would you like smoking or non-smoking seats this evening?
Traveler: Er, no smoking please.
Clerk; OK, this evening you're going to be traveling out on flight 317. Your seat is 17A,
non-smoking,window.
Traveler: Thank you very much indeed. Do you need to see my passport?
Clerk: Ah,no sir.
Traveler: Thank you very much.
Clerk: Was there any bags you'd like checked this evening?
Traveler: Yes, please, one.
Clerk: OK. Is your name and address on your bag, sir?
Traveler: Yes, it is.
Clerk: OK, that'll be one bag checked to San Francisco this evening. Your claim check is
stapled in the back of your ticket jacket. Your flight will be departing out of Gate
22 this evening. Boarding time is 6:40 and your flight leaves at 7 0'clock.
Traveler: Thank you very much indeed.
Clerk: OK, have an enjoyable flight this evening.
注意上面对话中的黑体,它们都是本段听力中的重要信息,抓住这些重要的词,我们考生将得心应手。
编辑推荐
>>盘点美国大选演讲:奥巴马PK罗姆尼
>>马丁·路德·金演讲全文:我有一个梦想(视频)
>>绯闻女孩第六季 S女王时尚搭配抢先看
>>英语名师指导:托福听力高分的7个备考技巧
>>更多写作请关注英语网听力频道
(编辑:何莹莹)
上一篇: 雅思听力技巧辅导:从语调猜意思
下一篇: 雅思备考:学好音标是雅思听力的根本
体坛英语资讯:Olympic champion Chen Long knocked out by Antonsen in badminton worlds quarters
国际英语资讯:UN General Assembly to spotlight climate change: Guterres
英女子害喜反应奇特 每日食一卷厕纸
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier meets Putin on bilateral ties
1000镑一周!没钱就去英国搬砖吧
国际英语资讯:OSCE registers sharp increase of ceasefire violations in Donbas: envoy
爸爸伤哪儿 细数囧爸带孩的22种伤
现实版画皮:新型人造皮肤具有真实感知体验
体坛英语资讯:Hurkacz outlasts Paire to win first ATP title
爱在城南 奥巴马恋爱物语将搬荧幕
研究:夫妻年龄相近的婚姻更长久
最高龄邦女郎莫妮卡·贝鲁奇从未公开的旧照
国内英语资讯:China, Brazil to strengthen comprehensive strategic partnership
10岁慈善家 街头拉琴数月筹款3万镑
国内英语资讯:Discover China: New leap forward of Chinas oldest auto brand
体坛英语资讯:Dortmund overpower Cologne 3-1 in German Bundesliga
行星地球面对面 危险近在咫尺?
比利时炸薯条也要申遗
丢失钱包18年 分文未少归原主
让地球见证 男子太空求婚感动女友