2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解七十五十集之连载训练：（68）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（68）

　　科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The 2016 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added—a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

　　After a period of calm within the Sun,scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2016,just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

　　Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth,causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.

　　“The Sun’s activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites,“ said Professor Richard Harrison,head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

　　At the peak of the cycle,violent outbursts calledcoronal mass ejections(日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun’s atmosphere,throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. “A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount,can disable satellites,cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,” Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

　　Next week in America,NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO),which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

　　The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of thesolar flares(太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

　　Professor Richard Holdaway,the lab’s director,said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth. “If we have advance warning,we’ll be able to reduce the damage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s caused the problem,” he said.

　　1. The phrase “communications blackout” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to　during the 2016 Olympics.　

　　A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

　　B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

　　C. the transportation breakdown in London

　　D. the destruction of weather satellites

　　2. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

　　A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.

　　B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

　　C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

　　D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

　　3. According to the passage,NASA will launch a satellite to　.　

　　A. take images of the solar system

　　B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

　　C. keep track of solar activities

　　D. improve the communications on Earth

　　4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Solar Storms:　An Invisible Killer

　　B. Solar Storms:　Earth Environment in Danger

　　C. Solar Storms:　Threatening the Human Race

　　D. Solar Storms:　Human Activities to Be Troubled

　　【参考答案】1—4、BDCD

　　科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The term“multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.

　　In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain seans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex“moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed(拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that“moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.

　　Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.

　　We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.

　　1. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?

　　A. To make them more productive.

　　B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.

　　C. To develop their communication skills.

　　D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily.

　　2. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called?

　　A. He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.

　　B. He is probably interrupted by another task.

　　C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.

　　D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.

　　3. People tend to make mistakes when　.　

　　A. they perform several challenging tasks at a time

　　B. new messages are processed one after another

　　C. their relationships with others are affected

　　D. the tasks require little thought

　　4. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Multitasking has become a way of life.

　　B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.

　　C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.

　　D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.

　　【参考答案】1--4 、ABAB

　　科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

　　Certain microorganisms(微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release(释放) poisons that make people sick.

　　Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

　　Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

　　When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.

　　Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.

　　1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.

　　B. Food poisoning means death.

　　C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.

　　D. Food poisoning can be serious.

　　2. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning　.　

　　A. are always accompanied by a fever

　　B. are too common to be noted

　　C. can be noticed within hours

　　D. can be ignored

　　3. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT　.　

　　A. some chemicals　B. low temperatures

　　C. some tiny living thingsD. certain natural materials

　　4. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that　.　

　　A. mushrooms should not be eaten

　　B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood

　　C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals

　　D. different types of food should be handled differently

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that　.　

　　A. natural materials are safe in food processing

　　B. chemicals are needed in food processing

　　C. food poisoning can be kept under control

　　D. food poisoning is out of control

　　【参考答案】1--5 、BCBDC