2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练七十集之连载（36）
【阅读理解】介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The term “underemployment” has three related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a position that requires less qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaffing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use of.
All forms of underemployment have effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals, using that number to judge the health of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it also doesn’t reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their qualifications.
In the first sense, underemployment is a common problem in many of the developed world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full.
The issue of part-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced into part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a part-time job because nothing else is available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rather than keeping a full staff at all times.
In the sense of shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do.
1. The purpose of the passage is .
A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious today
B. to imply women are laid off more than men
C. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”
D. to tell the present economic situations
2. According to the text, underemployment means .
A. the same meaning as the word—unemployed
B. employees are not fully taken charged of
C. qualified workers get a low salary
D. people who do manual work for wages
3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, .
A. the underpaid workers are included
B. it implies the people who are jobless
C. the part-time employees are included
D. it shows the employment situation of a country
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph?
A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries.
B. People with college degrees sometimes take a part-time job.
C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less.
D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed.
5. Some companies maintain a full staff .
A. to compete with others in the future
B. to make preparations for seasonal work
C. to get the skilled workers paid
D. to obey labor laws and union pressures
【参考答案】1—5、CBBAB
2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training.
Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a back seat to mankind’s production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths (猛犸象) probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did i»t cause most of the destruction during man’s rule of the world.
Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.
Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize (订制) babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store.
1.According to the first paragraph,______ .
A. man-made evolution has improved all species
B. man-made evolution has weakened some species
C man-made evolution can make up for all natural losses
D. natural evolution won’t happen without man’s assistance
2. What does the underlined part “taken a back seat to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Become powerful assistance to.
B. Become a huge barrier to.
C Speeded up the process of.
D. Played a less important role than.
3 What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Why natural evolution happens so slowly.
B. The way scientists adopt to have genetic defects repaired.
C. The advantages of man-made evolution over natural evolution.
D. How scientists make use of man-made evolution to create new species.—3、BDC
【阅读理解】介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human rights”, we are talking about something more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus’ statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.
Every person has certain basic rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someone’s sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.
Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full scope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, adopt a career, select a partner of one’s choice and raise children. They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. They even embrace the right to leisure.
In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, in the wake of World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. What Are Human Rights?
B. Why Do We Have Human Rights?
C. How Do Human Rights Come Into Being?
D. What To Do With Human Rights?
2. How did the first human rights come into being?
A. By Cyrus conquering the city of Babylon.
B. By Cyrus setting the slaves free.
C. By Cyrus making his statement about human rights.
D. By choosing ones own beliefs.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Human rights can be taken away for some reason.
B. Human rights have the same meaning as privileges.
C. Human rights can help you live a peaceful life.
D. Human rights can be used to hurt others.
4. The underlined word “embrace” in the third paragraph means .
A. to seekB. to includeC. to enjoyD. to share
5. From the last paragraph we can infer that .
A. people would have freedom rather than human rights
B. at the beginning of 20th the more complete rights appeared
C. thirty human rights have existed for about 70 years
D. World War II decided human rights
【参考答案】1—5、ACCBC
2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。An incredible dog has mastered more than just the doggy paddle (狗刨式游泳) — the golden brown pet helps disabled children learn how to surf. Ricochet’s owner Judy Fridono said, “I was working with her at balance and coordination (协作). Her balance is so good that she can help to stabilize the board for the kids. And it makes them feel good to know that Ricochet is there with them, keeping them company.”
After becoming an expert, two-year-old Ricochet helps the disabled children build up the confidence to get on the board themselves. Dressed in a yellow jacket, Ricochet helps to counter-balance the board and acts as a reassuring presence.
Ms. Fridono knows what an impact her beloved dog can have. She herself was severely disabled since her teens. Having Ricochet around lifts her spirits, and inspires her to conquer her pain to get on the board. “Ricochet has taught me to focus on what I can do, rather than what I can’t,” she said.
One of those who have benefited from Ricochet’s skills is six-year-old Ian McFarland. In 2008 a car crash left him with brain damage. Although he had loved surfing before the accident, he was too nervous to go back into the water. His fear turned to excitement, when he was told he could try a tandem (双人) surf session with Ricochet. Their session was a success and by the end of it, Ian was smiling from ear to ear. As well as helping with treatments, Ricochet also raised £5,000 to help continue Ian’s recovery.
Over the last 10 months, Ricochet’s excellent performances on the sea have raised more than £30,000 for a number of charity causes.
1. According to the passage, Ricochet is
.
A. a doctor
B. a dog
C. a dog owner
D. a disabled boy
2. What role does Ricochet play according to the passage?
A. She acts as a pet to please its owner.
B. She accompanies the disabled children at home.
C. She helps the disabled children learn to surf.
D. She works as a guide dog for the blind.
3. Ian McFarland considers Ricochet’s work to be
.
A. challenging
B. doubtful
C. attractive
D. satisfying
4. Which statement can best describe Ricochet?
A. The two-year-old dog is severely disabled.
B. Ricochet helps youngsters build up their confidence.
C. Ricochet helps youngsters in their daily life.
D. Ricochet is a lifesaver on the sea.
参考答案1-4、BCDB