福建省长泰一中2016届高三英语一轮复习：人教版必修四 《Unit 2 Working the land》课件

　　归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing

　　做、、、是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing

　　做、、、是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing

　　做、、、不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

　　做、、、是值得的 There is no doing

　　无法、、、， 不允许、、、 There is no sense in doing

　　做、、、没有道理 There is/was no use doing

　　干、、、无意义

　　There is/was nothing worse than doing

　　没有比、、、更糟的 There is/was no point doing

　　干、、、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go.

　　做这件傻事毫无意义。

　　There is no point doing such a silly thing.

　　注意：There is no need to do sth

　　干、、、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..

　　没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her.

　　提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sister's being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。

　　Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.

　　2、用作宾语

　　动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。 ①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如： 我不能不去。 I can’t avoid going． 你是否考虑过找一位挚友?

　　Have you considered looking for one special friend?

　　我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。

　　We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake． 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?

　　Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?

　　人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。

　　People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．

　　这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。 ②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。 ·A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。

　　C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如： 我记得我已把信寄了。

　　I remember posting the letter． 我会记着去寄信的。

　　I’ll remember to post the letter． 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

　　I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。

　　Don’t forget to write to your mother． 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。

　　I regret missing the report． 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。

　　I regret to say I can’t take your advice． D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：

　　我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。

　　We must try to get everything done in time． 我们用别的方法做这工作试试。

　　Let’s try doing the working in some other way． 我并不想叫你生气。 I didn’t mean to make you angry． 你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。

　　Your plan would mean spending hours． E·go on doing 和go on to do Go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如： 请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on doing the same exercise． 请做另外一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise． F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如： 我们停止了交谈。 We stopped talking． 我们停了下来去谈话。

　　We stopped to talk． 3．作介词宾语 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

　　A．介词+动名词，如： 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。 We’ve

　　got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.

　　我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。 I apologize for being so angry with you. 离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。

　　After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up．

　　B．动词+介词+动名词，如： 我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。

　　I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition． 同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。 Instead of smiling，each of them made a face． 她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。

　　She was very interested in working for our company． 下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等

　　1. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国 ) A. Having suffered

　　B.Suffering C. That

　　D. Suffered 精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to …” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。 高考链接 2. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全国2002) A. Given

　　B. To give

　　C. Giving

　　D. Having given 解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given …，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。 3. ---- The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海) having hung

　　B. hanging C. hangs

　　D. being hung 解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。

　　care (little/much) about-------be concerned about 关心，介意，后面跟从句时候，about常省略。 care for-----look after 照料；

　　like or want 想要，喜欢 e.g. Albert Einstein didn’t care much about what to wear.

　　Would you help to care for my pet while I am away? 10. Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist. 与其说袁博士是一个科学家不如说他是一个农民。 be more than=not only 不仅仅，超过 e.g. Learning is more than reading. be more +A +than +B 与其说是B还倒不如说是A e.g. He is more an ordinary person than a leader. Remember to review the knowledge! See you next time! Let’s learn the language points in Unit 2 together. Are you ready? Go! Words and expressions: 1.reduce

　　v

　　make sth smaller in size,number,degree,price,etc. e.g. 公司尽力通过减少花销来提高利润。 The company tries to increase profits by _______________ . 今年我们已经减少了业务开支。 We ______________ expenses this year.

　　reducing costs have reduced 2. Supply

　　v

　　give sb sth that is needed or useful. e.g. 当我写报告时，他不断地给我提供咖啡。 He kept me well ________ with cups of coffee _______________________ .

　　在这家商店她买不到她所想买的东西。 The shop was unable to ________________________ .

　　supplied while I wrote the report supply what she wanted 3. refer to

　　v

　　mention or speak of sb/sth. e.g. 当我说有些人是很愚蠢的时候，我不是说你。 When I said some people were very stupid, I __________________ . 别再提这件事了。 _________________________ . wasn’t referring to you Don’t refer to this matter again Sentences and structures:

　　I. Find out all the sentences with “ v+ing” forms, and try to remember them. II. Translate the following sentences, and tell what part of speeches the red parts are used as. 1.他也指用自然肥料而不是化肥种植的庄稼。 It also ___________ crops _______ with natural ____________ chemical fertilizers.

　　refers to

　　growing rather than 注：Growing … 在句中充当定语。修饰crops.

　　2. 他们说，把这种肥料施在农田里会使土壤含有更丰富的矿物质，而（土壤）也会更加肥沃。 _____________________________ ,they argue,makes the soil ________________ and __________________ . Putting this in their fields richer in minerals so more fertile 注：Putting … 在句中充当状语。 3、这一点很重要，因为土壤改良了，农作物的病虫害就减少了 ，因而有助于农作物的茁壮成长。 This is important because ____________

　　_____________ ________ diseases in

　　crops and helps them grow _______________________ . developing a healthy soil reduces strong and healthy 注：developing…在句中充当主语。 4、然而使用化肥会带来很大的问题。 However,___________________________ is a big problem. using chemical fertilizers 注：using …在句中充当主语。 5、第一，在田地里长期遗留化学物质对土壤和水源不利。 Firstly,____________________ in the ground for a long time is _________________________________ .

　　leaving chemicals not good for the soil or the water supply 注：leaving …在句中充当主语。 6、不同的是，有机耕作的农民们坚持每隔两三年换种农作物。 Instead, _______________ ____________

　　___________________

　　__________________________ . organic farmers insist on changing crops every two or three years 注：changing…在句中充当宾语。 7、这些农作物将矿物质带回土壤，使之肥沃强效，适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，例如玉米和小麦。 These put the minerals back into the soil,________________________________ to grow crops that __________________ _____________ ______________________ . making it rich and healthy and ready

　　need rich and

　　fertile soil like corn or wheat 注：making…在句中充当状语。 8、但无论他们种什么，他们确保在收割后留在地里的东西成为来年农作物 的天然肥料。 But ___________________ they _________that ____________in the ground after ___________ becomes a ________________ for the next year’s crops. whatever they grow

　　make sure

　　what is left harvesting natural fertilizer 注：harvesting…在句中跟after一起充当时间状语。 Practice: 选词填空 （ occupation, job, profession, work ) a. Please state your name,age and_____________ below. b. I have a few _____ to do in the house this morning. c. Looking after children all day is hard____ d. My husband is at the very top of

　　medical____________ .

　　occupation jobs work profession 2) concentrate

　　vt. to give all one’s attention to

　　sth and not to think about anything else.集中

　　to come or bring together at one place 聚集 ※ concentrate on (doing) sth 专注于（做）某事

　　concentrate the /one’s mind

　　集中注意力；

　　聚精会神

　　concentrate one’s effort/attention on sth 集中力量/注意力于某事

　　concentration

　　n.

　　专心；聚集 ※ ※ ※

　　Practice: 完成句子： Stop talking and ________________________ .

　　( 专心工作 ) b. Everyone ____________________ ( 集中注意力 ) when they have an exam. c. I decided to ________________________ ( 全力以赴 ) finding somewhere to live.

　　concentrate on your work concentrates the mind concentrate all my efforts on 3) meanwhile, during, while 词义辨析 meanwhile意为“同时”,与at the same time意思相同。意为“期间”时，是副词，在句中单独做状语。 during 意为“在、、、期间”，是介词，后接名词、代词。 while 意为“在、、、期间”，是连词，引导时间状语从句。 4) accuse, charge, blame 词义辨析

　　accuse （指控 ）sb. of ( doing ) sth.

　　charge

　　( 指控 ）sb. with ( doing ) sth.

　　accuse ( 指责 ）sb. of (doing ) sth.

　　blame （ 责备 ）sb. for ( doing ) sth. ｛ ｛ 2. Difficulties Can I go out on a story immediately?

　　我可以马上出去采访吗？ on 后接一些名词如visit, holiday, business, trip等，常与come, go等动词连用，用来说明活动或状态。 Practice: 她决定今年暑假去一趟英国。 She decided to go ______________ to England this summer. 他去了长途旅行。 He has been away __________________ .

　　on a visit on a long trip 2) Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself.只有等你见习了他们的工作之后，你才能独自去进行资讯采访。 cover 和 interview 的辨析： cover 意为“采访”、“报道”，宾语往往为事。interview 意为“采访”，宾语往往为人。 选词填空：( cover, interview ) I want to ________ him about his research work. The best reporters were sent to _______ the war. interview cover 3) NO need for a camera! 不需要带相机！ no need…是句型There is no need …的省略形式，need 后面可以接for/of ( doing ) sth 或( for sb ) to do作后置定语。 介词填空： There is no need ______ that sort of thing. There is no need ______ hurrying; we still have time. There is no need ______ you to worry about the matter.

　　for of for Remember to review the knowledge! See you next time! Useful structure The –ing form as the Subject ＆Object 1．作主语

　　动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：

　　①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. Playing tricks on others is something we should never do． 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

　　Learning new words is very important for me． 3)说比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing. ②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如： 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It is useless trying to argue with Shylock． 这事值得去做。

　　It’s worth making the effort． 想再解释一次有好处吗? Is it any good trying to explain? 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 It is pleasant working with you． ③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。例如： 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 这种事开不得玩笑。

　　Here is no joking about such matter. 无法知道他什么时候离开

　　There was no knowing when he would leave.

　　动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：

　　动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如： 还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。 As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure． 到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.

　　一直不做就是作恶。 Doing nothing is doing ill． 他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”

　　He said，“To go on like this is no use．” 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party． 17《一轮复习课件 必修四 Unit 2 Working the land》

　　一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. ____________ [`strΛgl] vt. & vi.斗争；n.努力 2. ____________ [`sætisfaid]adj.感到满意的 3.____________ [`fri:d əm] n.自由；自主 4.____________ [i`kwip] vt.& vi.配备；装备 5._____________ [`auput]n.产量，输出量 6._____________[ik`spC:t]vt.输出 n.出口 7._____________[kən`fju:z]Vt.搞乱，使糊涂 8._____________[sə `plai]n.补给；vt.提供 9._____________[`sju:təbl]adj. 适当的，相配的 10.____________[ik`spAnd]vt.使膨胀vi.发展 expand

　　struggle

　　satisfied

　　freedom

　　equip

　　output

　　export confuse

　　supply

　　suitable

　　11.____________[`sΛməri]n.摘要，概要 12.____________[`sə:kjuleit]v.使流通，（使）运行 13.____________[`bAk`tiəriə]n.细菌 14.____________[iks`tFeindV]vt.交换；n.交流 15.____________[`hQNgE]n.饥饿，欲望 16._____________[wCt`evE]pron.凡是……，无论什么 17._____________[ri`dju:s]vt.减少，简化 18._____________[nju:`triFEn] n. 营养，滋养 19._____________[grein]n.谷物，颗粒 20._____________[`sju:pE]adj.特级的，超级的 summary circulate bacteria

　　exchange

　　hunger

　　whatever

　　reduce

　　nutrition grain

　　super

　　二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，或首字母提示或汉语提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。 1. We had a ___________(努力) to stop the criminal. 2. The document will be _____________(传阅)to all members. 3. I’ll type your report if you’ll baby-sit in

　　e______________. 4. Our farm ___________the market with fruits and vegetables. 5. We should s_____________ the results of the exam briefly and report to the headmaster. summarize

　　struggle circulated exchange supplies 6. Sydney’s population _____________rapidly in the 1960s. 7. He has a

　　________

　　(晒黑的) face and bright eyes. 8. The plane _________speed as it was approaching the airport. 9. The workers there worked _______ crazy, with only thirty minutes` break at noon. 10. He __________(耕作) the farm with great success. worked expanded sunburnt reduced like 三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He has a ________ (hungry) for knowledge. 2. Yuanlongping is famous for ___________ (supply) the farmers with super hybrid rice seeds. 3. Some organic farmers prefer ________ (plant) grass between to ________ (prevent)　wind or water from carrying away the soil. 4. Mr Brook cares little about spending the money on himself or ___________ (lead) a comfortable life. 5. My mother doesn’t like me wearing short skirts to church , for she doesn’t think that

　　________ (suit).

　　hunger　

　　supplying

　　prevent

　　planting leading

　　suitable

　　6. I am a bit ____________(confuse). Is that her husband or her son she is with? 7. Yesterday 1 bought 10 flavors of ice-cream---enough _____________ (satisfy) my roommates. 8. Chemical fertilizers kill both ________ (help) and harmful bacteria and pests. 9. He insisted that he _______________ (suffer) from heart trouble, but I didn’t think so. 10. Do you know that___________ (chat) with wise men improves your mind? confused

　　to satisfy

　　helpful

　　was suffering

　　chatting

　　四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. 对……有天赋 ____________________

　　2. 定居 _____________________

　　3. 防止;阻止_________________

　　4. 依靠，依赖 _______________

　　5. 在许多方面_______________

　　6. 照顾 _______________

　　7. 陷入困境 _________________

　　8. 作出解释_______________

　　9. 谋生__________________

　　10. 查阅，谈到 _______________

　　have a gift for settle down prevent …from depend on in many ways care about be in trouble account for earn one’s living refer to 11. Thanks to____________ 12. get rid of _______________ 13. be satisfied with______________ 14. lead a ...life _______________ 15. would rather __________________ 16. by accident _______________ 17. look forward to ______________ 18. devote to _______________ 19. break out _______________ 20. insist on ________________ 坚持 多亏了...... 摆脱，除去 对……感到满意 过……的生活 宁愿 偶然地，意外地 期待 献身于 爆发 五、词组运用 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1. He got the first prize in the speech contest. His teacher___________________ his performance. 2. It is really a hot day. I ____________ stay in the house with air-conditioning than go out shopping. 3. Please__________ the last page of the book for answers after doing the exercises. 4. _________ your help, we could finish the task on time. 5. Most of the people in remote mountainous area __________ poor _____. was satisfied with would rather refer to Thanks to lead a

　　life 6. In order to protect the rivers from being polluted, we must _______________ factories ______ pouring waste into them. 7. When a child knows that he ________________, he feels safe and secure. 8. The girl struggled to_______ herself ____ her fears. 9. Some schools ____________ their students wearing school uniforms. 10. After the war ______________, he was taken on by a foreign company. stop / prevent

　　from is cared about rid

　　of insist on broke out Language points for Reading I

　　Language points for Reading II

　　Let’s learn the language points in Unit 2 together. Are you ready? Go! If so=If you have ever grown some plants. so 表示“象那样的，如前所说的”，用于代替已陈述的事。如： -----can you pass the exam? ------I

　　hope so. 2.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植了被人称作超级杂交水稻的稻谷。 e.g. I don’t quite understand what you are explaining. Please watch what I am doing carefully. What =the thing(s) that ______the emperor saw was quite different from_______ the old minister told him. A. What, that

　　B. That, what C. Which, that

　　D. All, all

　　2. It is pretty well understood _______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A.

　　that

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. how

　　3. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。 it 在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to produce…, 结构为：动词（make, feel, think, regard…）+it +adj+ to do. e.g. We think it important to learn English well. 4.Born in a poor farmer’s family in 1931,Dr. Yuan graduate from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953.

　　袁博士1931年出身于一个贫苦农民的家庭，1953年毕业于西南农学院。

　　graduate n.

　　a person who has completed a university degree course. 毕业生 undergraduate

　　本科毕业生 post-graduate

　　硕士毕业生，研究生

　　graduate vi. complete an educational course. 常跟介词from，表示“毕业于” graduation n. 毕业 e.g.

　　After his graduation from college, he went to work as an engineer in a company.

　　=After he graduated from college, he went to work as an engineer in a company. Supplement : bachelor’s degree

　　学士学位 master’s degree

　　硕士学位 doctor’s degree

　　博士学位 5.Since then, he has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.

　　从那以后，他就把毕生精力投入到水稻高产的研究中。 devote oneself to+ n/doing 献身于，致力于 注意：to 为介词，后面接v-ing.类似的短语还有look forward to, listen to, get to, reply to, apologize to, belong to, agree to等等.

　　6. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields. 袁博士寻求一种在不扩大种植面积的情况下提高水稻产量的方法。 注意：search强调搜查，一般表示目标明确范围较小。search sb 搜身；search spl 搜查某地 search for 强调寻找，一般表示范围较大。 search for sb 寻找某人 e.g. The police searched the woods for the lost child. 警察在树林里寻找失踪的小孩。 Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold. 科学家们仍然在寻找普通感冒的治疗方法。 search/search for/in search of 1.The officer went up ______________the murder. 2.The thieves are ____________________the hidden treasure in the museum. 3.Birds fly to the south ______________the

　　winter sunshine. to search

　　searching for

　　in search of 7.Thanks to his research, the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究，联合国正在努力清除世界饥饿。 thanks to=because of ;owing to

　　e.g.__________________________, we won the game. 由于你的支持，我们赢得了比赛。 Thanks to your support 8.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。 倍数词（twice/half/three times/a quarter etc.）+as + 形容词原级 +as …表示“是…的多少倍 e.g. The number of the students in our school is ___________________________ in their school. 我们学校学生的数量是他们学校的两倍。 twice as large as that 9. However, he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life. 但是他很少想到要把钱花在自己的身上，或享受舒适的生活。 lead a …life 过……生活。英语中少数动词，包括一些不及物动词的宾语可能是与它同源的名词类似的短语动词有：die a …death, smile a …smile, dream a … dream, live a …life, sigh a …sigh etc.