2016届高考英语二轮复习书面表达复习专题22 自然灾害话题指导 实例指导1—灾害
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Class Committee
【思路指导】
这篇文章是描写自然灾害的文章，它应该属于说明文的范畴，描述这类自然灾害首先要说明灾害的基本情况，然后根据需要选择角度，简明扼要而又突出重点地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害的文章的关键是实施求是，简单明了。
写作时要注意以下几点：
1.灾害发生的地点、时间等。灾害的具体影响以及有无规律。
2.采取救灾的措施和结果。灾害是否可以有规律和预防，有何经验或建议等。
3.时态多用一般过去时，有时为了说明规律和进行总结可以考虑用一般现在时态。
4.要采用客观的描述，避免主观的描述内容过多。
5.格式通常采用三部分：第一部分为事件发生的地点时间。第二部分具体灾害的内容、影响和补救措施。第三部分为总结规律，提出防范的建议、帮助灾区的倡议、自己的想法和感受等。
【参考词汇和句型】
词汇短语：hit , strike , deaths , injuries ,up to, kill , in the following , last , keep away from
, do harm to , cut off , with the help of , in trouble , overcome difficulty , as soon as possible, be eager to, try one’s best, join in
句型：There was / is … in …, A terrible …hit …, The disaster caused great damage to …, When you …, you should… , you better … as we all Committee
实例指导2——捐款感谢
【写作任务】
假如你是李华，是发生8.0级地震的汶川县的一名中学生，下面是你灾后的经历：
1、目睹了人们奋不顾身救人，及时地运送食品及衣物。
2、在众多陌生人的帮助下，找回了自己失散的父母，也已经重返了校园, 正在重建家园。
3、现在我们更加珍惜这难得的学习机会，也更懂得尊重和体谅他人，学会了互相关心和帮助
4、要努力学习，用实际行动回报给更多的人
请你就以上内容向报社写一封信，反映灾后的情况，并对来自各方面的帮助表示感谢。
注意：1、字数： 120-150
2、书信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I wrote to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster.__________________________
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Best wishes,
要点序号 关键单词和短语
① Witness, devote their efforts to, save lives, providing food and clothes, regardless of, safety
② Couldn’t find, my parents, in such a short time
③ Only, few days, pass, before, return to classrooms, have classes.
④ New houses, reconstruct, not long before, move into
⑤ Treasure, the opportunity, study, in the classroom
⑥ The help from others, how to, respect others, take others into consideration
⑦ It was …that, make, realize, the importance of, care for, each other, facing disaster
⑧ Think, what we should do, study harder, in return.
第四步 恰当使用句型，连词成句。
① I witnessed many strangers devoted their efforts to saving lives, providing food and clothes regardless of their own safety.
② I couldn’t find my parents in such a short time.
③ Only few days passed before the students returned to classrooms to have classes.
④ New houses are also being reconstructed and it is not long before we moved into our new houses.
⑤ we all treasure the opportunity of studying in the classroom
⑥ The help from others taught us how to respect others and take others into consideration.
⑦ It was also the help from strangers that made us realize the importance of helping and caring for each other facing disaster.
Now, I think what we should do is to study harder and help more people in return.
Yours,
Li Hua
【教师点评】
作者注重句式的变化（斜体），与before有关的句型；强调句型；主语从句等各领风骚，体现了写信者的文采。短语（下划线）使用到位，为表达文意发挥了重要作用；所增连接词（黑体）使句子间有了自然地过渡。总之，这封信表达了列出的要点，且不落俗套，处处
【句型拓展】写感谢信及灾后重建方面的作文还可以用到以下句型：
1、Thank you very much for…. 2、Many thanks for your ….3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for… . 4、I am truly grateful to you for… .5、It was good (thoughtful) of you… . 6、You were so kind to send… . Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 8、I find an ordinary "thank-you" entirely inadequate to tell you how much. 9、I sincerely appreciate .
10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for… .
实例指导3—— 捐款通知
【写作任务】
假如你是李华，最近，在我国西南部的四川省汶川县发生了里氏8.0级的地震，多人遇难。因此你们学校决定于周日邀请地震方面的专家给全体学生做有关地震安全自救知识的讲座，请你代表学生会出一个通知。通知包括以下内容：
1、讲座目的：提高学生在地震时的安全自救意识和能力。
2、讲座时间：5月18日（周日）下午2点。
3、地点：学校大礼堂
4、讲座时间：1小时30分钟左右
5、要求：全校所有学生务必参加，自带纸笔。
注意：1、字数：120-150
2、通知的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
3、生词：里氏震级 Richter scale
NOTICE
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Remember to come on time.
Students’ Union
【写作指导】
第一步
仔细审题，确立主题，明确要求
根据文字提示可以确定：写作主要人称为第一人称，字数120-150，体裁为通知，时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步
围绕主题，提炼要点，编拟提纲
通知通常写一段，但可以分层次。
第一层：讲座举行的原因（① 最近，我国在我国西南部的四川省汶川县发生了里氏8.0级的地震，多人遇难），分析该事件：②如果人们事先意识到潜在的危险早做计划，很多人的生命会获救。 推出结果，（③所以学校决定邀请地震专家来做讲座）。
第二层：讲座具体情况（④内容涉及在地震前，地震时或地震后的安全自救工作；⑤开始时间是5月18号下午2点，持续约1个半小时；地点是大礼堂）。
第三层：要求（⑥所有学生必须参加；⑦ 自带纸笔，以记录重要信息。），作者看法（⑧ 听讲座的人都会受益匪浅）。
第三步 分析要点及提纲，提炼关键单词和短语。
第四步 恰当使用句型，连词成句。
① Recently， an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, resulting in many deaths.
② We cannot prevent an earthquake from happening, but if we identified potential risks ahead of time and made advance planning, many lives would be saved.
③ So this is the reason why our school has decided to invite experts to give a lecture.
④ It will involve how to protect yourself and guarantee your safety before, during or after an earthquake.
⑤ It starts at 2 pm, May 18 in the great hall and lasts about one and a half hour.
⑥ All the students are required to take part in the lecture on time.
⑦ Paper and a pen are also needed in case you write down some important points.
⑧ I hope everyone present will benefit a lot from it.
【参考范文】
NOTICE
Recently， an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, resulting in many deaths. Unfortunately, we cannot prevent an earthquake from happening, but if we identified potential risks ahead of time and made advance planning, many lives would be saved. So this is the reason why our school has decided to invite experts to give a lecture. It will involve how to protect yourself and guarantee your safety before, during or after an earthquake. It starts at 2 pm, May 18 in the great hall and lasts about one and a half hour. All the students are required to take part in the lecture on time. Besides, paper and a pen are also needed in case you write down some important points. I hope everyone present will benefit a lot from it.
Remember to come on time.
Students’ Union
【范文点评】
通知属实用文体，它的目的是把信息准确明白的传达给别人。作者选词、句都考虑到了这一点。作者没有使用复杂的长句子，而是选用了人们熟悉的简单的句型（斜体），还使用了大量的短语（下划线），这些都有助于读者快速浏览到需要的信息。可以说该文达到了这个目的。
【句型拓展】写“通知”类及地震方面的作文还可以用到以下句型：
实战演练
A Forest Fire
A terrible fire broke out in Dashan Timber Land at midnight yesterday. On hearing the news, the firefighters hurried there at once. Although the fire was very big and the smoke was heavy, they bravely fought against it. The fire lasted for five hours before the firefighters were able to bring it under control. To everyone’s sorrow, almost one third of the forest was destroyed in the fire. Worse still, one person was killed and two firefighters were badly injured. According to research, the fire was started by a live cigarette end thrown carelessly by a passer-by. The accident has taught us a lesson that measures should be taken to prevent forest fires. For example, notice boards should be made to warn passers-by of the dangers of throwing out cigarette ends. All in all, the public should be taught the importance of preventing fire.
请根据所给内容写一篇关于汶川地震的短文。标题已经给出。
Earthquake strikes Wenchuan!
［写作内容］
1．时间：2008年5月12日14时28分
2．震级：里氏8.0级measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale
3．死伤人数:近7万人死亡, 34万多人受伤
破坏程度：90％建筑物倒塌
4．现在情况：灾难并不能摧跨汶川人民的精神。汶川人民在人民解放军的帮助下展开自救,相信汶川一定会重建好,成为现代化的美丽城市。
5．提醒人们不要忘记灾难和在危难时给灾区人民提供帮助,一方有难,八方支援是我们中华民族的优良传统。
［写作要求］
只能用五个句子表达全部内容；
内容连贯，结构完整
Many people prefer to travel by air. This is because air travel has some advantages. In the first place, airplane, the miracle created by man, is the fastest means of transport. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate. They look after passengers all the way to their destinations. Moreover, on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain 如果你去旅游你会采用何种交通方式？为什么？
你可以用实例或其它方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料。
An earthquake measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale hit/struck Wenchuan at 2:28 on the afternoon of May 12th,2008,which killed
more than 79,000 people and caused over 340,000
injured at the same time and over 90% of the buildings were destroyed. However, the brave Wenchuanese will not be beaten down by the disaster. Now they are saving themselves with the help of the PLA. We strongly believe the city is to be built to be a modern beautiful city again.
A year has passed, but never should we forget the damage the earthquake caused to them and those who are still in terrible trouble, so we should try our best to help them out, for it is our fine tradition of our Chinese people.
2011年3月11日， 日本发生强烈地震，引发波海啸。海啸夺去了一万多人的生命，另有上百万人流离失所，亟待救援。世界各国纷纷捐款救灾，我国政府和人民也向受灾国家和人民伸出救助之手。假设你是班长，在全班提出倡议，向灾区人民捐款。用英语写一篇口头倡议，包括以下内容:
1.受灾情况简介;
2.尽微薄之力，奉献爱心;
3.捐款地点（学校门口捐款箱）。
注意：
1.词数：100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：海啸tsunami捐款donate v.donation n.倡议propose v.proposal n.
参考答案
Everybody,may I have your attention,please?
Here I’d like to make a proposal to you.As you know,at the end of 2004 a strong earthquake happened in the Indian Ocean,causing a terrible tsunami.The tsunami badly hit several countries in the Southeast
近来，你校开展“献爱心，送温暖”活动，号召广大学生向贫困或受灾地区捐款捐物。请你参考下列表格要点提示，以“捐款还是捐物”为题写一篇100-120字的英语短文。可适当增加内容。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：生活必需品 daily necessities
关于捐款 关于捐物
赞成 1．捐款可以直接帮助人们购买生活必需用品或用于重建家园等。 1．捐物可以旧物利用。
反对 2．中学生无生活来源，无钱捐献。 2．捐物可能造成浪费，因为有些人得到的捐物并非自己所需要的物品。
评分原则
1.本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于80或多于120的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响速度予以考虑。英美拼写以及词汇用法均可以接受。
6.如书写较差以及影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。
O:
We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas．But some students don’t think it a good way to do so.
In their opinion, money can be used to buy daily necessities and can help people rebuild their hometowns, while sometimes the things people there receive are not what they need actually.
But some other students think that giving used clothing to the people in those areas is better．Many people, especially in rich areas and in cities, have much clothing they no longer like or need．By giving it away
One possible version:
We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas. Some students don't think it a good way to help people there .However ,some prefer helping the unfortunate with money. In their opinion, money can be used to buy daily necessities and can help people rebuild their hometowns ,while sometimes the things people there receive are not what they need actually. But some other students think that giving used clothing to the people in those areas is better .Many people ,especially in rich areas and in cities ,have much clothing they no longer like or need. By giving it away to the needy people we can make the best use of it . Besides ,we are just students ,and we have no incomes of our own. Anyhow ,no matter which way is considered better ,we should try our best to help those who need help.
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains．The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village．Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house．Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house．While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage．
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table．Some villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey．We drank together and talked merrily till far into the night．
Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to our school．I’d like to tell you something about Guangzhou Asian Games．At 7:30, August 4, 2010, Guangzhou Asian Games 100-day Countdown Ceremony was held in Tianhe Sports Gymnasium．With the theme “Dreaming about This Moment”, the ceremony meant to show that Guangzhou was ready for the coming Games．Starting with Dragon Boat and Wushu performances, the ceremony also included 2000 chorus’ singing．The most exciting moment came when three theme song candidates were sung by famous singers．More than 1000 volunteers, workers, doctors and nurses, students and referees participated in this ceremony．