高考语法定语从句【定语从句】定语从句是一种作定语用的从句，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词；定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。【高考】
定语从句也是高考英语的重要语法，是历年考查的热点。2016年高考对定语从句的考查主要体现在：1、关系代词that和which的区别；2、关系代词which和as的区别；3、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；4、定语从句与其他从句的区别。
【高考重难点】
⒈ 定语从句要跟在先行词的后面。 ⒉ 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 ⒊ 引导定语从句的关系词有两种： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等 关系副词：when, where, why 等 ⒋ 关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中作成分。
关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语
即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…人）
whose(某人的…）
which(…东西，指物)
that(指物或人）
as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如) when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)
where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)
why(…原因；…理由)
【考点关系代词】(1)who指人，在从句中作主语。
Do you know the people who live over the road?
你认识住在马路对面的人吗？
(2)whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。
A neighbour with whom I shared a garden.与我共享花园的邻居。
(3)whose通常指人，也可指事物，在从句中作定语。
That’s the man whose house has burned down.
就是那个男人的房子被烧毁了。
（注）whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，
即whose+名词=the +n +of which =of which + the + n.
例如：He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.
= He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.
(4)which指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。
Did you see the letter which came today?
你看到今天来的那封信了吗？
This is the book which I told you about.这就是我跟你说过的那本书。
(5)that指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。
Did you know the man that bought the sports car?
你认识那个买了跑车的男子吗？
The police have found the gun that she was shot with.
警察已经找到了打死她的那支枪了。
(6)as关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，常与the same和such连用。先行词可以是单词或句子。
The disease attacks such birds as parrots and canaries.
这种病会侵袭像鹦鹉和金丝雀之类的鸟类。
3.as和which引导定语从句的区别：
1). which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面 ’t pass the exam, which made us surprised.
2). as引导的从句，常用于as is said above（如上所述), as we know , as is well known, as is often the case（正如往常一样),as is reported, as we expect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。David，as you know，has not been well lately.
正如你所知，戴维近来身体不大好。
【考点关系词】(1)when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如：time，day，hour，year等)。
There are times when I wonder what you are talking about.
有几次我不知道你在说什么。
Next May，when the new house should be finished.
明年五月，到那时新房子应该建成。
(2)where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如：place，room，house，area等)。
This is the place where my mother was born.
这是我母亲出生的地方。
定语从句的先行词是situation, case, point, scene等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。如：
I have come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
他发现他到了有可能会失去控制飞机的地步。
(3)why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。
The reason why he said that is quite clear.
他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。
【考点介词＋关系代词】“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。
(1)介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这就是我用来写这封信的钢笔。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
这就是我们感到骄傲的英雄。
(2)介词位于定语从句的结尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写这封信的钢笔。
This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们感到骄傲的英雄。
(3)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装句。
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一座大房子里，房前有棵大树。
(4)定语从句也可以由“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导。
The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired窗子遭破坏的那座房子现在已经修好了。
(5)关系代词前面的介词使用情况：
①根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him.我永远忘不了第一次遇见他的那一天。
②根据定语从句后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of my aunt’s.你刚才和他说话的人是我姑姑的亲戚。
③有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
The clever boy made a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的小男孩在墙上挖了个洞，透过洞可以看到里面发生的事情。
注意：
1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
This is the watch for which I am looking .
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are
very healthy.
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.
2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few
等代词或者数词。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are
from big cities.
四、【考点限制性与非限制性】(1)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法
①在任何情况下都不能省略；
②who(主语)，whom(宾语)，which(主语、宾语)不能用that代替，也不能相互替换；
③介词＋which/whom＋从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面；
④when，where可用于非限制性定语从句。
I often think of the happy days，when I played with my little friends in my hometown.我经常想起那些欢乐的日子，那时候我和老家的小伙伴们一起玩耍。
We walked down the village street，where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。
(2)两类定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句不能用逗号与主句分开，它限制所修饰的先行词的意义，非限制性定语从句前面需用逗号与主句分开，它只是先行词的附加说明，省去后不会影响主句意思。
My brother who lives in New York has six children.我住在纽约的那个弟弟有六个孩子。
My brother，who lives in New York，has six children.我弟弟有六个孩子，他住在纽约。
【考点使用定语从句应注意的问题】. (1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。
The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说的很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.三年级的学生明天去爬山。
(2)定语从句有时紧跟先行词，有时中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
在他的眼里有一种我不明白的神情。
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。
(3)关系代词that与which的用法区别：
①which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.他数学考试不及格，这使他爸爸很生气。
②which之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.
这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。
③that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下【只能用that】而不能用which：
a．当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。
There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。
That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。
b．当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
c．当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
d．当人和物同时作先行词时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
e.在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。
④注意way和time后接定语从句的情况：
a．当先行词是way，意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系代词有that，in which和省略三种情况。
I don’t understand the way that/in which/省略they worked out the proble我不理解他们解决这道题的方法。
注意下面两个句子中关系代词的不同，试比较：
The way that/which/省略he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way that/in which/省略he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法并不难理解。
b．先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。
This is the second time (that) I have been here.这是我第二次来这儿。I could hardly remember how many times (that) I’ve failed.我都记不清我失败多少次了。
This was at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones and no TV sets.
曾有过没有收音机，没有电话，没有电视机的时代。
【】（2011·四川卷）17．The school shop,
customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．【B】
A．which
B．whose
C．when
D．where（2011·福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other．【A】
A．which
B．where
C．what
D．who
（2011·全国新课标卷）31．The prize will go to the writer
story shows the most imagination．【C】
A．that
B．which
C．whose
D． what
（2011·江西卷）34．She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years．【C】
A．for which
B．with which
C．of which
D．to which
（2011·天津卷）10．The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．【A】
A．when
B．that
C．where
D．which（2011·陕西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,
we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
【B】
A．which
B．where
C．who
D．that
（2011·江苏卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream．
A．When B．Where C．that D．which
答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句____ the audience can buy ice-cream．中不缺少成分，先行词an interval表时间，所以选择A。
（2011·浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．
A．which
B．what
C．them
D．those
答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．中介词of后缺少宾语。所以选择A。
（2010重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
答案【C】（10福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet
life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose24. 答案：B
考点：定语从句
解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。
（10湖南） 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school
I met in the English speech contest last year.
答案：A
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
（10江西） 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. 答案：A
A where
B who
C which
D what
（10山东）24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. 答案：C
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. What
. Wind power is an ancient source of energy
we may return in the near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which
答案：C
（10天津）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? 答案：C.
You should try the barber’s
I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
（10四川）10．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，
turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that
B．which
C．when
D．where
答案：B
考点：考查定语从句。
解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
（10全国Ⅰ）24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. 答案：A
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. that
（10江苏）32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. 选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
（陕西）11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. Whose11. 答案：D.
（10全国Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
答案：B
考点：定语从句。
解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。
（10湖北）77. My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
77. 答案：that I had done
考点：定语从句
解析：先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。
80. ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
80. 答案：As we have stressed
考点：非限定性定语从句
解析：当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语
（北京）27. Children who are not active or
diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
27. 答案：B
考点: 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。
解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。
（重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that答案C
考点：考查定语从句。
解析： development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。
（10浙江）3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of
left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom
B．which
C．them
D．those答案：A
考点：本题考查定语从句引导词。
解析：由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
真题练习
（09安徽）1. A good friend of mine from
I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how
B. whom C. when
D. which【答案】C
（09安徽）2. Many children，
parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their
B. whoseC. of them
D. with whom【答案】B
（09北京）3. —What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that【答案】B
（09福建）4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation
they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
（09湖南）5．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city
name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。
（09江西）6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
【答案】B 考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
（09海南）7. She brought with her three friends, none of
I had ever met before.
A. them
B. whoC. whom
D. these
【答案】C。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
（09山东）8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
【答案】B非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.
（09陕西）9. Gun control is a subject
Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
【答案】C 考查定语从句，先行词是Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选C。
（09四川）10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
【答案】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。
（09天津）11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. whoever【答案】C
（09天津）12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as
B. which
C. when
D. though【答案】A
（09浙江）13．I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why【答案】B
（09重庆）14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. whatC. that D. where【答案】D
（09全国2 ）15. My friend showed me round the town,
was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
【答案】A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。