包括短文语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错。
短文语法填空（1）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Valentine’s Day is the time of the year when couples show their love for each other by sending cards，flowers and chocolates .Its origins are 1.________(clear) and hidden in the river of time. Nobody knows exactly 2.________St.Valentine was，although some historians suggest he was .________Roman killed in the third century AD by a Roman Emperor. It is said that the first 4.________(record) Valentine’s card was sent by the imprisoned Duke of Orleans in 1415.5.________is believed that he tried to find comfort from his imprisonment by writing love poems to his wife.
Now，Valentine’s Day .________(celebrate) in many countries around the world.However, the traditions often differ from place to place.In Japan，for example，it is normal .________the woman to send chocolates to the man,8.________in South Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” and is when the unfortunate men who received nothing on Valentine’s Day gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other.
Technological 9.________(develop) have also played their part 10.________ keeping Valentine’s Day relevant in the 21st century. Valentine’s ecards have been very popular in recent years.
【参考答案及解析】
1．unclear [根据后面的hidden，nobody knows等词的提示可知，此处应该用clear的否定形式。]
．who [who引导宾语从句，且作从句的表语。]
．a [不定冠词表泛指。a Roman“一个罗马人”。]
．recorded [过去分词recorded作定语，意为“有记载的，记录的”。]
．It [It is believed that...是固定句式，可翻译为“人们相信……”。]
．is celebrated [情人节是“被庆祝”的，再结合全文的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。]
．for [此处是“it is ＋adj.＋for sb.to do”句型。for表示“对，对于”。]
．while/but [日本和韩国的情人节的意义不一样，是转折关系，所以用but。也可填while，表示两种情况的对比。]
．developments [分析句子成分，此处应为名词，同时因为其后助动词为have，所以这里应该填develop的名词复数形式。]
．in [play one’s part in...意为“在……中起作用”。]
2）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Once upon a time，there was an island. All the feelings lived in the island：Happiness，Sadness，Richness，Knowledge, and all of the others,1.________(include) Love. One day it was announced to the feelings that the island would sink，so they constructed boats .________left，except for Love.
Love was the only one who stayed. Love wanted to hold out .______the last possible moment. When the island had almost sunk，Love decided to ask for help. Richness was passing .________Love in a grand boat.
Love said，“Richness，can you take me with you？”
Richness answered，“No，I can’t..________is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you.”
Suddenly，there was a voice，“Come，Love，I will take you.” It was an elder. So blessed and overjoyed，Love even forgot .________(ask) the elder where they were going.7.________they arrived at dry land，the elder went her own way..________(realize) how much she owed the elder，Love asked Knowledge, another elder，“Who helped me？”
“.________was Time，”Knowledge answered.
“Time？”asked Love.“ But why did Time help me？”
Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered，“Because only Time is capable of understanding how .________(value) Love is.”
【参考答案及解析】
1．including [介词including意为“包含，包括”。]
．and [用and连接并列谓语动词。]
．until [until“直到……”。Love打算坚持到最后一分钟。]
．by [pass by是固定搭配，意为“经过，路过”。]
．There [该句属于there be句型。]
．to ask [forget后接动名词意为“忘记了做过某事”，接不定式表示“忘记做某事”。根据句意此处应接不定式。]
．When [引导时间状语从句，用when，表示“当……时候”。]
．Realizing [主语Love与动词realize是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。]
．It [这里指代上文所提到的老者，故用it。]
．valuable [副词how修饰作表语的形容词valuable。]
【由上海市徐汇区2016诊断卷改编】完形填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.
The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from
1
data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.
Processing Geographic Data
A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors
2
and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think
3
, high-level computer skills, and a college education.
Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n)
4
evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are
5
to the success of a community.
Advising Businesses and Government
About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and
6
their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and
7
points about a location being considered.
In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The
8
was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.
Businesses connected with natural
9
such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.
In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly
10
. Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.
Physical and Human Geography
Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth
11
. Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require
12
scientific training.
Some geographers study economic, political, and
13
issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work
14
with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.
Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of
15
, from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”
1.A. performing
B. analyzing
C. appreciating
D. downloading
2.A. map
B. mine
C. shape
D. honour
3.A. creatively
B. critically
C. wildly
D. moderately
4.A. disaster
B. radioactivity
C. excursion
D. vacation
5.A. qualified
B. determined
C. valuable
D. feasible
6.A. survive
B. expand
C. manage
D. boom
7.A. negative
B. effective
C. depressive
D. profitable
8.A. scenery
B. destination
C. result
D. foundation
9.A. potentials
B. histories
C. resources
D. sciences
10.A. specialized
B. polluted
C. governed
D. transformed
11.A. proceeds
B. stretches
C. extends
D. changes
12.A. peculiar
B. special
C. reasonable
D. enthusiastic
13.A. psychological
B. contemporary
C. religious
D. social
14.A. closely
B. peacefully
C. loyally
D. sensitively
15.A. demonstration
B. revolution
C. examination
D. education
【参考答案】Section A
1--5 BABAC
6--10 BACCD
11--15 DBDAD
阅读理解【1】
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by .
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that .
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to .
A. evaluate someone’s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
4. We can infer from the passage that .
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.
【参考答案】1—5、CBACD
短文改错
When we talk about city life, we’ll think tall
1．_________
buildings, busy streets and comfortable live
．_________
conditions．Besides, there is much pollution in
．_________
the city now．People have to put up with noisy
．_________
and harmful smoke．How about country life? The
．_________
first feelings come into our minds are peace and quiet．
．_________
We can enjoy the blue sky, golden crop and fresh air．
．_________
But life in the country is not so easy as it in the city．
8．_________
In my opinion, if we pay attention to protect the
．_________
environment and developing the country, and we’ll enjoy
．_________
a modern and peaceful life．
．think后加of / about
考查动词的用法。此处think不能直接带宾语，故改成think of的形式。
．live改为living
考查分词作定语。此处living conditions生活条件。
．Besides改为However
考查副词的用法。根据文意前面为优势后为劣势，故表转折用however。
．noisy改为noise / noises 考查形容词和名词的用法区别。此处名词作with的宾语，故用noise。
．正确
经分析本句正确。
．come前加that或come改为coming 考查句子结构的分析。本句的谓语动词是are，所以come需以分词作定语或作定语从句的谓语的形式出现。
．crop改为crops
考查名词的单复数。根据语意应用复数形式。
8．it改为that
考查代词的用法。此处that用于比较句型，因其后有定语in the city。
．protect改为protecting 考查介词的用法。因为pay attention to中的to是介词，故用动名词。
．去掉第二个and考查句子结构的分析。本句前面是if引导的条件句，后面是主句，所以去掉and。