包括短文语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错。
短文语法填空（1）
Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.
The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！”
And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through
the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries __5__(eat) them? And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。
1．beneath 介词，意为“在……之下”与下文的above相对。
2．through 介词，意为“穿过”。
3．arrival 在冠词后用名词。
4．will come 对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。
5．to eat 因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。
6．if if引导虚拟条件句。
7．a 表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。
8．better 隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。
9．until 意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。
10．it it指代前文中的the waiting seed。
短文语法填空（2）
It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath.
Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more.
Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
【解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。
1．it 指代a piece of meat，故用it。
2．on 表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。
3．across 表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。
4．As/When 表示“当……时候”。
5．down 因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。
6．reflected 因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
7．another 指它以为是“另一条狗”。
8．the 特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。
9．but 前后是转折关系。
10．dropped 与opened, was seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。
完形填空
【上海市长宁、嘉定区2016模拟】Directions:
For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___1___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___2___ could provide information for ___3___ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___4___ were observers rather than researchers.
In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___5___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___6___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___7___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___8___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___9___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.
Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___10___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___11___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people ?their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist.
Some prefer to study more ___12___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___13___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___14___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___15___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.
1. A. adventuring B. changing C. digging D. evolving
2. A. books B. history C. ruins D. science
3. A. lost B. later C. older D. several
4. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers
5. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. together
6. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control
7. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile
8. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used
9. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated
10. A. countries B. fields C. locations
D. ways
11.
A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary
12. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent
13. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind
D. left out
14. A. choosing
B. examining C. studying D. protecting
15. A. aware of
B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with
【参考答案】
1-5 DCBBA 6-10 ABADC 11-15 BDCDC
阅读理解【1】
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields. Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago. Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH
Soil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called .
A. litterB. topsoilC. humusD. subsoil
2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it
【参考答案】1--4、BBCD
短文改错
It is Sunday.Li Ming is busy with working on his lessons 1.
in the afternoon at home. During a break, he relaxes in the 2.
Window，expecting enjoy the sunshine. Yet the heavy .
traffic seems to remind him of something.Like a Senior 3
4.
student,facing with the college entrance exams, he feels time is
5.
more or less limited for him.He thinks he must careful plan
6.
anything in order to solve the remaining problems with 7.
his lessons but prepare for the coming exams.Meanwhile, 8.
he has to take good care of him.Li Ming is determined 9.
to try his best so that he would go to a good university. 10.
【参考答案及解析】
1. 去掉with或with改为in
考查固定短语的用法。此处应为be busy doing或be busy in doing。
.第二个 in改为by
考查介词的含义。此处by the window意为：在窗户旁边。
. enjoy前加to
考查动词的用法。此处应为expect to do sth。
. Like改为As
考查介词的含义。此处as a student意为：作为一名学生。
. faced改为facing或去掉with
考查face作动词的用法。动词face的用法有两种：be faced with或face+宾语。
. careful改为carefully 考查副词的用法。修饰动词用副词。
. anything改为everything 考查不定代词的用法。根据文意应为计划好一切事情。
8. but改为 and 考查句间的逻辑关系。此处为递进关系而不是转折关系。
. him改为himself
考查反身代词的用法。此处意为：他不得不照顾好他自己。
. would改为will
考查动词时态。此处will表意愿。