2012年高考英语二轮复习学案：状语从句

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　　课题名称 二轮复习—— 状语从句

　　学习目标：状语从句的各种类型，并正确使用从属连词

　　状语从句中的时态表达法

　　在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词的从句叫状语从句。

　　状语从句根据它表达的意思不同可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和原因状语从句等。状语从句如果放在主句前通常用逗号分开。一、复习时需注意的要点

　　1、如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner等置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

　　例如：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

　　No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

　　2、Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。

　　例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

　　直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

　　直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

　　3、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

　　例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

　　4、如从句表示"随时间推移"，连词能用as，不用when 或while。

　　例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.　

　　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

　　5、as, though 引导的倒装句

　　as / though引导的让步从句必须把表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。句首名词不能带任何冠词。

　　如句首是实义动词，助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

　　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

　　二、历届高考试题分析

　　例1、Generally speaking, _________ according to directions, the drug has no sid-effect.

　　A. when taking

　　B. when taken

　　C. when to take

　　D. when to be taken

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，原句应为“Generally speaking ,when it is taken according…”。由于take用被动时，主从句主语一致，因此从句中的it was可以被省略，简化为when taken…分词短语作状语，而选A、C时则缺乏主语。译文：通常地说，当这药按照指导说明被服用的话是没有副作用的。

　　例2、—Dad, I've finished my assignment.

　　—Good ,and _________ you play or watch TV ,you mustn't disturb me.

　　A. whenever

　　B. whether

　　C. whatever

　　D. no matter

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　no matter不能直接引导让步状语从句，应用no matter + wh族疑问词方可，故排除D；尽管A、C都有“无论”的意思，但只有B项whether可与or连用，表示选择，即“无论你玩还是看电视，不许打扰我”。

　　例3、The famous scientist grew up _______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

　　A. when

　　B. whenever

　　C. where

　　D. wherever

　　答案为C。

　　【解析】

　　where引导的是地点状语从句。译文：这位著名的科学家在他的出生地长大，1930年他来到上海。因为在从句中有表示时间的介词短语in 1930,所以可以排除when和whenever; wherever引导让步状语，意思是“无论在哪里”，与句意不符。

　　例4、________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.

　　A. As long as I have traveled

　　B. Now that I have traveled so much

　　C. Much as I have traveled

　　D. As I have traveled so much

　　答案为C。w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m

　　【解析】

　　这是一个让步状语从句。as在引导让步状语从句时，要把形容词或副词放在它的前面。如果是名词，一般不加冠词。如：Child as he is, he has learned two thousand new words .As long

　　as“只要……”引导条件状语从句；Now that“既然”引导原因状语从句；As“因为”引导原因状语从句。译文：虽然我走过了那么多地方，我从来没有见过像约翰这样有能力的人。

　　例5、In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they________.

　　A. have survived

　　B. are to survive

　　C. would survive

　　D. will survive

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　这是一个条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时态。在条件状语从句中，一般不能使用将来时，但能和be to do的形式连用，所以应填are to survive。译文：在如此干旱的天气里，如果你想要花成活，就得给它们浇水。

　　例6、The WTO cannot live up to its name _____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.

　　A．as long as

　　B．while

　　C．if

　　D．even though

　　答案选C。

　　【解析】

　　从句子意思可知，是一个条件状语从句。as long as“只要……”引导条件状语从句经常用肯定句，所以要填if。译文：如果WTO不包括一个占人类五分之一的国家，它就名不符实了。

　　例7、She found her calculator

　　________ she lost it.

　　A. where

　　B. when

　　C. in which

　　D. that

　　答案为A。w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m

　　【解析】

　　这是一个地点状语从句，意思是“东西是在丢的地方找到的。”in which用于定语从句中，其前必须有先行词。这个句子中没有先行词，所以不能填in which。

　　例8、—I'm going to the post office.

　　— ________you're there, can you get me some stamps?

　　A. As

　　B. While

　　C. Because

　　D. If

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　while引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……时”。这句话的意思是“当你在那儿的时候，是否能给我买一些邮票？”as虽然也可以引导时间状语从句，但其意思是“一边……一边……”；because引导的是原因状语从句；if引导的是条件状语从句，对方已经说明要到邮局去，不能再作假设。

　　例9、You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. then

　　D. there

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　where引导地点状语从句。这句话的意思是“你应该作出一个规矩，把东西放在你能再找到它们的地方。”

　　例10、We'll have to finish the job, ________.

　　A. long it takes however

　　B. it takes however long

　　C. long however it takes

　　D. however long it takes

　　答案选D。

　　【解析】

　　however引导让步状语从句。要用陈述句的语序。

　　巩固练习

　　Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

　　1. It is ___ he has behaved so badly that he must be punished.

　　A. as

　　B. since

　　C. because

　　D. that

　　2. Practise as ___ as you can.

　　A. much

　　B. many

　　C. more

　　D. hardly

　　3. ___ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

　　A. Since

　　B. As

　　C. Even though

　　D. Because

　　4. I will let you drive ___ you have a driving licence.

　　A. unless

　　B. except

　　C. on condition that

　　D. so that

　　5. Mike acted ___ nothing had happened. w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m

　　A. as

　　B. as though

　　C. as although

　　D. just like

　　6. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.

　　A. because

　　B. so that

　　C. even if

　　D. as

　　7. The thief ran ____ he was out of sight in a short while.

　　A. so fast that

　　B. too fast that

　　C. fast enough that

　　D. such fast that

　　8. ___ you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.

　　A. Before

　　B. While

　　C. As

　　D. Once

　　9. Don’t go to the party until ____.

　　A. invite

　　B. invite to

　　C. invited to

　　D. to invite

　　10.The protection device can help to eliminate the possible faults ______they cause more damage.

　　A. unless

　　B. although

　　C. until

　　D. before

　　11. These two areas are similar ____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.

　　A. to that

　　B. besides that

　　C. in that

　　D. except that

　　12. ____ that he is only a beginner, it is understandable for him to make such mistakes.

　　A. Considering

　　B. Considered

　　C. Consider

　　D. To consider

　　13. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ____other more well-informed experimenters failed.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. where

　　14. Excuse me. If your call’s not too urgent, do you mind ____ mine first.

　　A. I make

　　B. if I make

　　C. me to make

　　D. that I make

　　15. ____ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m

　　A. Even if

　　B. As far as

　　C. If only

　　D. So long as

　　16. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ____ .

　　A. scolding

　　B. to scold

　　C. having scolded

　　D. scolded

　　17. I was just to go out ____ it began to rain.

　　A. as

　　B. when

　　C. after

　　D. whole

　　18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ____ something occurred which attracted my attention.

　　A. unless

　　B. until

　　C. when

　　D. while

　　19. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ____ we all sat down to rest.

　　A. when

　　B. then

　　C. than

　　D. until

　　20. I have kept that portrait ____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. whether

　　D. when

　　21. Richard is ____ boy that everyone in the class likes him.

　　A. a so bright

　　B. so a bright

　　C. such bright a

　　D. so bright a

　　22. We’ll wait here ____ you get back.

　　A. soon after

　　B. until

　　C. as soon as

　　D. when

　　23. Important ____ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.

　　A. for

　　B. to

　　C. although

　　D. as

　　24. Speak to him slowly ____ he may understand better.

　　A. in case that

　　B. so that

　　C. because that

　　D. least

　　25. The harder you study, ____ you will serve the people. w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m

　　A. the better

　　B. better

　　C. the best

　　D. the better that

　　26. Mr. Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.

　　A. such…that

　　B. such… as

　　C. so…that

　　D. so…as

　　27. Our profits will be good _____ the dollar remains strong.

　　A. if

　　B. although

　　C. unless

　　D. as long as

　　28. _____ is mentioned above, there are more and more trade between China and America.

　　A. Which

　　B. As

　　C. That

　　D. What

　　29.he took a wrong bus , ______he was a full hour late on the first day he went to work .

　　A. On condition that

　　B. which

　　C. so that

　　D. on the ground that

　　30. Emily had failed many times; _____, she was confident she would succeed in the end.

　　A. nevertheless

　　B. although

　　C. therefore

　　D. otherwise

　　答案:

　　1CACCBB 6-10 BADCD

　　11-15 CADBA

　　16-20 CBCCB

　　21-25 DBDBA

　　26-30 BDBCA