第 5讲
代词
1. Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ______ else.(2011浙江卷)
A. anything
B. something
C. anywhere
D. somewhere
【答案及解析】1. C 考查不定代词。句意为“人们喜爱幽默，所以，在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用，表示“除了in conversation”的其他任何地方，表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。
2. ______ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. (2010浙江卷)
A. One
B. All
C. Everything
D. Anything 【答案及解析】2. B 句意：重要的是你正在尽全力并且朝着正确的方向前行。分析四个选项的意思，从而判断此处选择all意思最合适。即all that ＝ what, 相当于 What's important is that…
3. —
I've read another book this week.
— Well, may be ______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.(2009浙江卷)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
【答案及解析】3. D 考查强调句型。后半句句意：可能不是你读了多少，而是你读的内容才重要。 1．both, either, neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语。both可作同位语，意为“两者都”；either 表“两者中任一个”； neither表“两者都不”。
常考不定代词的辨析
2．any, none, all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；all 整个的，所有的(三者或三者以上以及不可数)。 eg. This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing.
None of us are/is perfect.
All of the village was flooded.
常考不定代词的辨析 3．no one, nobody, none, nothing no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物；none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念，特指“人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有”。 — How many people are there in the hall? — None.
— Who wants to go with him?
— No one (Nobody).
— What can you see in the bottle? —
Nothing.
— Is there any water in it？— None.
常考不定代词的辨析 4. another, the other, the other＋复数名词(或the others), other (或other ＋复数名词) another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一个，与数词连用，表“再有”；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other＋复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other＋复数名词)另一些，表示剩下的人或物中的另一些，泛指。 常考不定代词的辨析 【例题】 — I don't like this, show me another one.
— If you want to change for a double room, you'll have to pay ______
$15.
A. another
B. other
C. more
D. each
【答案】A 常考不定代词的辨析 1．人称代词 (1)分清主格和宾格形式。 (2)注意约定俗成的用法。 — Who is it? — It's me.
(3)使用we 和you 泛指一般人。 (4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等。 China is a great country. She has a long history。 (5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you, he (she) and I; we, you and they。 人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 2．物主代词 名词性物主代词——在句中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine。 形容词性物主代词——只能起定语作用， my friend。 人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 3．反身代词 (1)在句中作宾语、表语和同位语； (2)单复数的确定； (3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。 eg. Make yourself at home.
不要拘礼；请随便吧。 Don't get nervous, help yourself to what you like.
别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？ 人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 4．指示代词 (1)this, that, these, those
①在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 ②this (these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 ③this (these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that (those)常指前面讲到的事物。 eg. What he told me is this: he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn't come. That is why he didn't know.
④that, those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。 eg. The oil output in 2011 was higher than that of 2010. (that 代替oil output)
人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 (2)such
①such引起倒装句，谓语的数取决于后面主语的数。 eg.
Such is my answer. / Such are our people.
人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法 ②作定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so…that…， such…that…句型中。 eg. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. (复数名词前，不可用so) I have never seen such a great film. (也可为so great a film) We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing. (不可数名词前，不可用so)
There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him. (在数量概念的many，much，little, few 之前，不可用such ) 人称、物主、反身、指示代词的用法
it 的用法
1. it的指代作用
John likes playing pingpong. He always does it in the afternoon. (指代上下文提到的事物) It is getting warmer and warmer. (指天气) It's very quiet at the moment. (指环境)
2. 作形式主语和形式宾语
(1)作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
易错易混点
It's important for us to learn a second language. It's no use talking to him.
It's known to all that the earth goes around the sun.
(2)作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We feel it our duty to help others.
He made it clear that he would leave the city.
3. 强调结构
It is (was) ＋被强调部分＋that (或who)＋句子的其余部分
易错易混点
注意： 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar. (that引起强调句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar. (where引起定语从句)
易错易混点
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there. (when引起时间状语从句)
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there. (that 引起强调句)
易错易混点
4. it, one, that 的区别
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一个。
that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数名词。
it指代上文提过的同一事物。 【例题】(1)— Why don't we take a little break?
— Didn't we just have ______？
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
(2)The Parkers bought a new house but ______will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
【答案】 (1) C (2) B