第 11 讲
名词性从句
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主语从句引导词。句意:这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定,虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药。it为形式主语,______ side effect the medicine will bring about为真正的主语。还原句子: the medicine will bring about______ side effect,side effect前缺少一个修饰词,故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为:“你有可能到机场来接我吗?”“没问题。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具体内容,故是同位语。又因这个从句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引导。 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 1.连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中充当成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。 2.连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中充当成分,作状语。 3.连接词:that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义,在从句中不充当成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不充当成分。 引导名词性从句的连接词
注意:名词性从句的语序———陈述语序 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)
引导名词性从句的连接词 1.主语从句在复合句中作主语。如: Who_will_go is not important.
2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。如: It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.
3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。如:
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
主语从句的用法
1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。如: The question was who_could_go_there.
2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.
表语从句的用法
1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。如: I hope (that) everything is all right.
2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether。如: I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
宾语从句的用法
同位语从句在句中作某些抽象名词的同位语,说明该名词的具体内容。这类抽象名词有: 同位语从句的用法
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.whether与if的区别
(1)只能用if的情况
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
如:
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。如:
Please come to see me if_you_have_time.
易错易混点
(2)只能用whether的情况
①用if 会引起误解,就要用whether。如:
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
②宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。如:
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
易错易混点
③介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。如:
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
易错易混点
2.名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致
(1)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数。
(2)如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
(3)由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
易错易混点
3. 疑问词 + ever 和 no matter + 疑问词的区别
(1)疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。如:
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主语)
(2)疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
易错易混点
4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that起连接作用,且充当句子成分,作宾语时可省略。
同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。如:
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定语从句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位语从句)
易错易混点
5. it作形式主语的常用句型
It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很对……
It is said/ reported/believed that…据说/据报道……
It has been announced/declared that…已经通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/显然、明显/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (众所周知)/a common saying… (俗话说……)
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