第 12 讲
状语从句
1. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______ my daughter heard cries for help. (2011浙江卷)
A. after
B. while
C. since
D. when
【答案及解析】1. D 考查状语从句的连词。题干的前面是一个完整的句子。we were packing to leave for a weekend away为主句，时态为过去进行时，故排除选项A、C；连词后面的句子一定是从句，时态为一般现在时，故排除B。
【答案及解析】意思是“……当我女儿听到呼救声时，我们正在打包准备外出度周末。”本题也可以从when的用法去分析：when作并列连词时，其意义为“就在那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time，常用于下列句型中： Sb. was doing sth.
Sb. was about to do sth. Sb. had just done sth. when sth. happened.
2. — How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
— OK, ______ you want. (2010浙江卷)
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
【答案及解析】2. C 本题考查让步状语从句的引导词。句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思办吧！”句子缺少宾语，故用whatever。原句相当于：Whatever you want, I will do it.
在句子中修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子的从句叫状语从句。状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。 表示时间的状语从句的引导词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下： 1. 表示同时性， 即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 其连词有：when (当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……的时候), as soon as(一……就……), once(一旦……)等。 时间状语从句
2. 表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。 主要连词有：after (在……后), before (在……之前), when (＝after)等。 3. 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 主要连词有every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每当)等。 时间状语从句
4. 表示持续性或瞬间性。 主要连词有：since(自从), ever since(自从), until(直到……才/为止), till(直到……才/为止)等。 时间状语从句
5. 有些单词或词组也可引导时间状语从句。 the time(当……的时刻), the moment(当……的时刻), by the time(到……时候为止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上次……的时候)，immediately(一……就……), instantly(一……就……), directly(一……就……)等词或词组以及hardly /scarcely…when…（刚……就……), no sooner…than…(刚……就……)。 时间状语从句
例句:When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as_soon_as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No_sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
时间状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由。表示原因的状语从句可以由as(由于), because(因为), since(既然), now (that)(既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)等连词引导。
He is disappointed because_he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now_that you mention it, I do remember.
原因状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
地点状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that, in order that, in case(以防，以免), for fear that(以便)等， 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。 Speak clearly, so_that they may understand you.
目的状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that(从句中不带情态动词), so…that…(如此……以致……), such…that…(如此……以致……)等。 She was ill, so_that she didn't attend the meeting.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
结果状语从句
表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果), unless(除非), in case(万一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(条件是……), suppose(假设), supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中)等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 条件状语从句
注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You can go swimming on_condition_that ( ＝ if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
条件状语从句 让步状语从句由although(尽管), though(尽管), however(无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), whoever(无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时), wherever(无论哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc.) (无论……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等词引导。
让步状语从句
注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever_(_＝_No_matter_what_) you say, I'll never change my mind.
让步状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。 You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as_if nothing had happened.
方式状语从句 比较状语从句常用than, so (as)…as…， the more… the more…等引导。 I have made a lot more mistakes than_you have.
The_busier he is, the_happier he feels.
比较状语从句
使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1．时态问题
在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
We'll go outing if it doesn't_rain tomorrow.
易错易混点
2．状语从句的省略
有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语 ＋ be”部分。
When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I'll explain to you again.
易错易混点
3．注意区分不同从句
引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判断。以where为例，能引导多种从句。
You are to find it where you left it. (地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives. (定语从句，句中有先行词)
I don't know where he came from. (宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known yet. (主语从句)
This place is where they once hid. (表语从句)
易错易混点
4. before的几种用法
It will be a year before we meet again. (才……) (一段时间＋before)
The boy had left before I could thank him. (还来不及……就……)
5. when, while, as
(1)while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；
(2)when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；
易错易混点
(3)as 表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续性动词的一般过去式表示过去进行时。
(4)when, while 后还可以接分词短语。when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while, as。
I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.
(5)while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。
He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.
易错易混点