第 16 讲
语言知识考查
语言知识的考查往往从词组搭配、词义辨析、语法结构及逻辑过渡词语等几个方面设题，旨在让学生日常学习中注重语言用法积累以便能在不同语境中正确地运用它们。
词组搭配在语言知识考查中所占的比重最大。历年高考完形填空选项中至少会出现两道词组题目。词组一般以以下几种形式出现： 一、词组搭配
1．以简单动词为中心＋介词/副词构成的词组辨析 【答案和解析】B 根据上文，此空需要“偏离道路”这一含义，故用go off the road。
【例1】Police reports are full of __35._accidents__ that occur when people fall into sleep and go __36__the road.(2011全国卷)
36. A. up
B. off
C. along
D. down 【例2】…， so I decided to __47__on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn't __48._know__ “just yet”. (2011北京卷)
47. A. focus
B. act
C. rely
D. try 【答案和解析】A 虽然四个选项都可与on构成搭配，但根据下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定决心学好篮球，把精力都集中在学习篮球上。 focus on 集中精力/注意力于…… 2. 以简单动词＋介词为中心构成的词组辨析 【例3】I watched as you faced the __25._changes__of completing your studies, starting companies with Dad，while still being a __26._model__ and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you __27__.(2011天津卷)
27. A. in danger
B. in action
C. in trouble
D. in charge 【答案和解析】B 根据上文语境信息，此句意思应为：光看着你不停忙碌就让我很累。in action 在运转中；in danger 处于危险中。in trouble 处于麻烦中； in charge负责，掌管。 3. 由介词＋简单名词构成的名词词组 【例4】 Now Maja was ready to keep her __48__. (2011湖北卷)
48. A. appointment
B. promise
C. record
D. habit 【答案和解析】B 根据上下文语境，可得知此句含义为：如今，Maja该兑现诺言了。故选keep one's promise这个词组。 4. 由动词＋名词构成的词组 二、词义辨析 词义辨析主要体现于四个选项均为名词、形容词或副词等。它们在完形填空20道题中常各占一道或两道题。 【例1】 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21__ home from work in the evenings. (2011全国卷Ⅱ)
21. A. way
B. track
C. path
D. road 【答案和解析】A 根据上文可知，在下班回家的路上人们因工作劳累而在公交车、火车上睡着，故此处因为 ：on the way home from work。
1. 名词辨析 【例2】 We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely __52__ of him. I swam to Dad __53._quickly__ and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船壳) of the boat.
52. A. ashamed
B. protective
C. tired
D. afraid 【答案和解析】B 根据上下文中的“struggling aimlessly”， “assisted him”可知我要保护他。
2. 形容词辨析 【例3】 I led Tony away __47__， saying that the drum was too expensive. (2011辽宁卷)
47. A. happily
B . eagerly
C. cautiously
D. quickly 【答案和解析】D 句意：我边快速地把Tony带走，边说着礼物很贵这样的话。quickly可以反映作者的焦虑以及对即将发生的事情的一种铺垫。 3. 副词辨析 三、语法结构
近几年的完形填空题逐渐淡化语法概念，所以语法题所占比重不多。但是非谓语动词的考查很常见，偶尔也会考查情态动词的用法，其他语法板块内容涉及很少。
1．非谓语动词结构
非谓语动词结构的考查还是立足于它们在句子中充当的句法功能，如需要填入一个非谓语动词结构作定语、状语、宾语补足语等句子成分，旨在考查学生的句子分析能力。 【例1】 We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train… Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger __25__ next to him…The worst time to fall asleep is when __34__. (2011全国卷Ⅱ)
25. A. lying
B. waiting
C. talking
D. sitting
34. A. thinking
B. working
C. walking
D. driving 【答案和解析】25. D 上文中的信息on the bus or train说明：可能会靠在坐在旁边的陌生人的肩膀上睡着。本题考查非谓语动词中现在分词作定语。
34. D 此处强调最糟的就是开车时打盹。D 为最佳选项。本题考查非谓语动词中连词＋现在分词这一状语结构。 【例2】 There are also styles to remind me of Mum—a tiny chair which __37__be in her bedroom is set in one room. (2011四川卷)
37. A. ought to
B. used to
C. might
D. could 【答案和解析】B 根据句意：一把过去曾经在母亲卧室里摆放的小椅子被安放到了其中一个房间。used to 表过去常常……
2．情态动词 情态动词的考查常结合完形填空篇章上下文背景信息。 四、逻辑过渡词语
上下文之间表转折、递进、因果等关系的过渡词语选择也一般会占一道题量。这就要求学生平时要关注句与句、段与段之间逻辑衔接。 【例1】__52__，the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn't always get what he wanted. (2011江苏卷)
52. A. Therefore
B. However
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise 【答案及解析】B 考查上下文的逻辑关系。从下文even if来判断，该句的逻辑应该是：即使……然而……