第1讲
主旨大意题
文章是由段落组成的,段落的主题是段落的中心思想。而就一篇文章而言,具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找中心思想的方法是:通过分析篇章结构,找出每小段的主题句,进而通过主题句找出文章主题。
主题句通常有这样的特点:①有一个话题(topic);②阐述控制性概念(controlling idea)。主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间;有的文章无明显主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中,这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。该题型提问的形式主要有三类:第一类是Main Idea型;第二类是Topic/Title型;第三类是Purpose and Attitude型。
这种题型针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题思想或目的设题;有的也会针对文中的某一关键段落的思想和目的进行设题。 Ⅰ. Main Idea型
Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?
The main (general) idea of the passage is______.
From the passage we know that ______.
What's the main idea /topic / subject /point of this passage?
What does the passage mainly deal with?
The article is written to explain ______.
All the details in this passage support the main idea______.
What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?
The first paragraph mainly tells us______.
What's the main idea of the third paragraph? 解答此种阅读题要注意以下几点:
1. 找出文章的主题句(Topic sentence),即中心思想,其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(Developing details),是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
2. 在许多文段中,没有可以概括全段意义的主题句,必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节,进行全面分析,然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意:既不能以偏概全,也不能在概括时过于宽泛,要恰如其分。
在阅读理解的命题中,有时要求确定相应的标题,以考查考生对全文中心思想的理解。
Ⅱ. Topic/Title型 The best title/ headline for this passage might be______.
The text (passage) could be entitled______.
What is the best title for the passage? Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? The topic of the passage is______.
解答此种阅读题要注意以下几点:
1. 给文章加标题,首先要把握好文章大意,不能把文章某一段的大意看做是整篇文章的大意,更不能把文章细节看成是文章大意,以防标题的片面性。
2. 注意文章的体裁及文章意图。根据不同体裁,结合叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等,从而正确地确定标题。 60. B 主旨大意题。从文章的第一段第二句话可以看出举办the Edmonton的乡村音乐节的目的是呼唤人们对乡村音乐的真实情感。 63. B 主旨大意题。从文章的开头可以看出本文的中心大意是“一个家庭的聚会”。
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