2016届高考英语二轮阅读理解九十天强化训练：51

　　高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解51

　　Whoever named the bird turkey — a word that English speakers began mentioning as long ago as 1541 — made a big mistake. Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. When English speakers established their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, they thought they saw turkeys there too. “We found an island, on which there were many turkeys,” wrote one. These birds were not from Turkey and were not related to the Guinean fowl（家禽）of Africa. But turkeys they were called, and turkeys they remain.

　　Much of what we know about the Jamestown colony was written by Captain John Smith, whose efforts preserved the colony from collapse（垮掉）and who in turn was preserved by the Indian “princess” Pocahontas. Smith’s accounts of the colony frequently mention turkeys as food, gifts, and objects of trade. In 1607, Smith wrote, to celebrate the first peace after the first armed fight, the Indians brought turkeys, bread and what they had, singing and dancing in celebration of friendship till they departed. Elsewhere Smith noted that the Indians made warm and beautiful cloaks（披风）from turkey feathers. Further north, as the Plymouth colony neared the end of its first year in 1621, Governor William Bradford also observed a great flock of wild turkeys, of which they took many.

　　Undoubtedly,

　　turkeys were among the fowls served at the first Thanksgiving dinner.

　　Despite those significant beginnings and Benjamin Franklin’s lobbying（游说）, the turkey lost to the bald eagle in the contest for American bird. And it is a loser in modern English slang, too. Since the 1920s, turkey has been a term for a play or movie that is a failure, and since the 1950s for a person who is not fit for his job. But though the turkey never succeeded in becoming the American symbol, it did become the American feast. Thanksgiving is Turkey Day, and the turkey has come into our language more than other birds. We never “talk eagle”, we “talk turkey” when we speak frankly.

　　63. Who named the bird turkey?

　　A. English speakers.

　　B. Turkish merchants.

　　C. Captain John Smith.

　　D. Guineans.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】从第一段的第二句话Although that bird came from Guinea（几内亚）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. 得知虽然这种鸟原产地是几内亚，但是是英国人从Turkish商人那里买的，很自然的，英国人就称这种鸟turkey.

　　【考点定位】考察的是细节理解题

　　64. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.

　　A. turkeys were brought to Jamestown by Smith

　　B. the Indians fought with Captain Smith for turkeys

　　C. turkeys were served at the first Thanksgiving dinner

　　D. Captain John Smith wrote a book named Jamestown Colony

　　65. When we say somebody is a turkey, it means ________.

　　A. he is very angry

　　B. he has no ability to do his job

　　C. he likes eating turkeys

　　D. he speaks frankly

　　66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. The turkey was beaten in a fight by the bald eagle.

　　B. Turkeys were introduced to America from Guinea.

　　C. The turkey has become American food because it was beaten.

　　D. Turkey has become a term of failure in modern English slang.

　　阅读理解推理判断Passage ******************* (典型例题)

　　Giving Back Fair Way

　　The Westborough High School golf team had taken the of- ficial photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappoint- ed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough in- structor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won.

　　"No one would have known, "said Woburn's instructor, Bob Doraru For Rota, it wasn't a difficult decision." The prize wasn't ours to take. '

　　"Coin Stars"

　　"College students are lazy, but they also want to help" says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her" Change for Change" effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities (慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89.

　　1. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?

　　A. Took photos of Doran.

　　B. Had a meeting with Doran.

　　C. Returned the prize to the organizer.

　　D. Apologized to Woburn High Schook

　　答案: C

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。获奖队 的教练自己发现了错误，而且决定这个奖不能拿，那么接下来推断肯定是要把奖送回去。

　　2. Greg Rota's decision shows that he was _______.

　　A. honest

　　B. polite

　　C. careful

　　D. friendly

　　答案: A

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。从Greg Rota自己发现错误到决定把奖送回，表明他性格中的诚实。因此答案为honest．

　　3. The underlined word "Change" in the second paragraph means_______.

　　A. Idea

　　B. Decision

　　C. Cups

　　D. Coins

　　答案: D

　　指导：考查猜测词义的能力。Change for Change中的第一个change指的是“零钱”，第二个change是表示“变化”。两个change在一起肯定意思不同，关键在于首先应该明白change的不同含义，再根据文章内容进行判断。因为募集的零钱都捐给了慈善机构，改变了其他一些人的生活。所以介词for后面的change应该是目的表“变化”，那么第一个就是“零钱”。

　　4. What did the school officials do after receiving the check from Mr. LeBermuth?

　　A They tried to find out why he gave them the money.

　　B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him.

　　C. They dug out the records that were buried underground.

　　D. They decided to offer their students free room and board.

　　答案: A

　　指导：考查对文章事实细节的理解，依据是第三段文字的第二句话。

　　5. Jacques LBermuth gave the money to the school because_______.

　　A. the school asked for it

　　B. he had no need for that much money

　　C. the school had helped him in the past

　　D. he wanted to be remembered by the students

　　答案: C

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。学校在Jacques LeB-ermuth困难的时候帮助过他，所以他寄来950万美元的支票回报学校。

　　Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English, European experts say.

　　“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”

　　Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary（富于幻想的）writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.

　　As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”

　　University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit （缺少）between China and its international counterparts — in particular, China knows incomparably（无比地）more about Europe and America than the other way round — and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”

　　67. The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means

　　“________”.

　　A. start out

　　B. burn up

　　C. set off

　　D. appeal to

　　68. Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because

　　A. Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English

　　B. the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world

　　C. the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature

　　D. the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】从第四段Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.” Hockx所解释的中国的文学作品越来越受关注的主要原因是中国的作家有越来越多的机会去国外推广的作品并吸引了外国的读者。与此同时，越来越多的外国人学习汉语并对中国的语言和文化表现出很厚的兴趣，由此可以推断出中国和西方国家的关系加强了才导致的这种结果。

　　【考点定位】考察的是推理判断题

　　69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.

　　B. The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.

　　C. In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.

　　D. Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.

　　70. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

　　A. China knows more about Europe and America than before.

　　B. China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.

　　C. China, Europe and America know one another more than before.

　　D. Compared with America, China knows more about Europe.

　　阅读理解推理判断Pssage ************** (典型例题)

　　It was an early September day, cool and bright and just

　　right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10-mile race over a course (路线) with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run.

　　Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount

　　Kisco, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my speed. The pace(步速) felt comfortable, so 1 decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? I'd overtake (追上) her later on when she tired.

　　So I ran behind her. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work.

　　Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good, and Peggy plainly was.

　　Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didn't give up hope completely. We were getting nearer to a long

　　punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly determine who crossed it first.

　　As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away--first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no hope of catching her. She beat me soundly.

　　There is an important lesson in that race.

　　Women are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than the differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say that it is often hard work.

　　1. What did the writer think of the race in the beginning?

　　A. It would be hard work.

　　C. It would be an easy race.

　　C. It would be a test of his strength.

　　D. It would be a good learning experience.

　　答案: B

　　指导：首先要审清题干，注意题干中的inthebeginning。

　　本文第一段、第二段中的一些词如energetic，a fine run，running easily，comfortable等都反映出作者开始认为这场比赛不会很难。

　　2. What worried the writer when Peggy greeted the young runner?

　　A. Peggy overtook the young runner.

　　B. Peggy was running energetically.

　　C. Peggy was laughing at the writer.

　　D. Peggy paid no attention to the writer.

　　答案: B

　　指导：由第四段倒数第一句"You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good”可知作者认为：你在比赛中聊天表示你感觉很好。而上句peggy恰恰在比赛中聊天反映出作者认为Peggy在比赛中的感觉，作为Peggy的对手，他当然很担心。

　　3. By saying" a long, punishing hill"(Paragraph 5) , the writer implies that_______.

　　A. Peggy would fail to reach the hilltop

　　B. men are more skilled at climbing hills

　　C. overtaking Peggy would be easy

　　D. climbing the hill would be a demanding task

　　答案: D

　　指导：下句中的test一词，能够反映作者当时的感觉，所以D为最佳选项。

　　4. What lesson does the writer learn from the race?

　　A. Women are as good as men in sport.

　　B. Women are better at climbing hills.

　　C. He should have more training in a cross-country race.

　　D. He should set a quicker pace at the beginning of a race.

　　答案: A

　　指导：文章倒数第一段倒数第一、二句是做此题的关键句。

　　********************************************结束

　　阅读理解推理判断Passage*************(典型例题)

　　Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.

　　Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

　　There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks.

　　The faces of the desert mountains are always changing--very, very slowly--as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

　　Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

　　1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_______.

　　A. the rain is spread out in a year

　　B. the rain falls only in a few weeks

　　C. there is little rain in a year

　　D. it is dry all the year round .

　　答案: A

　　指导：通过第一段内容可推出，此外作为中学生都应该有这样的常识，这题应是一个送分题。

　　2. Sand dunes are formed when_______.

　　A. sand piles up gradually

　　B. there is plenty of rain in a year

　　C. the sea has dried up over the years

　　D. pieces of rock get smaller

　　答案: A

　　指导：第二段第二句给出了明确答案。

　　3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably

　　means that in a desert there is_______.

　　A. too much sand

　　B. more sand than before

　　C. nothing except sand

　　D. something else besides sand

　　答案: D

　　指导：首先理解画线句子中的more．．．than(与……相比多于，不只是)，然后根据本段其他句子进行推断。划线部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主题句，可从支撑句中去推断，反之也是如此。

　　4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_______.

　　A. there is no rainfall throughout the year

　　B. life exists in rough conditions

　　C. all sand dunes are a few feet high

　　D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat