高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解64
B
We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing line－cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don't take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non－market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue－jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors' offices，and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
58．According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？
A．Taking buses.
B．Buying houses.
C．Flying with an airline.
D．Visiting amusement parks.
59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates
________．
A．the necessity of patience in queuing
B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle
D．the fairness of telephonic services
60．The passage is meant to
________．
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping
【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。
58．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served…”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选A项。
59．C 细节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。
60．B 作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。
Kong Zi called Confucius (551-479 B.C.).and Socrates(469 B.C.)lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these in turn, shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical(激进的)than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom and knowledge for its own sake, on the other hand, advised those in government service and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life, “Do not do to
others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.
C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.
D. There were cultured exchanges between China and Greece.
6. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that
.
A. all men were equal when they were born
B. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
7 .What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A. Family
B. Potential
C. Knowledge
D. Community
8.This passage is organized in the pattern of
.
A. time and events
B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect
D. definition and classification
参考答案---CBCB
Coolest Hotels in the World
Ariau Amazon Towers
The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel lets you sleep in a tree house. Eight towers make up this
hotel that offers over 300 rooms. If you really want to get into the spirit, book the Tarzan Suite which is large enough for a big family. You'll be thirty feet up in the air and can travel between the towers through their wooden walkways.
Prices: starting at $300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way
up to $3000 for the Tarzan Suite.
For more information, visit the website: http://Hwww.ariautowers.com
The Ice Hotel
Every winter in Jukkasjarvi, Sweden, a special kind of hotel called the lce Hotel is built. Each year, world-famous artists are invited to design and produce works of art from the ice, many of which can be found in the rooms. You'll have your choice between hot or cold rooms but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.
Prices: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one. For more information, visit the website: http// www.icehotel.com
Propeller Island
Propeller Island City Lodge is a very special hotel that was designed by a German artist Each room provides you with the possibility of living in a work of art. Every single piece of furniture in the thirty rooms of the hotel has been hand-made and each room is completely different. You'll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
Prices: starting at just $91 a night, and an additional (另外) person for only 20 extra dollars. For more information, visit the website: http://www.propeller-island.com
For information about other cool hotels In the world, visit the website: http://www.bahamabeachclub.com
9. What it special about the Ariau Amazon Towers hotel?
A. You can sleep in tree houses.
B. You can choose any of the towers.
C. It is designed for big families.
D. Every room has a walkway.
10. For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels, they have to pay at least _______.
A $111
B. $182
C. $600
D. $636
11. Which website should you visit if you want to find out whether there exists a hotel under the sea?
A. http://www.icehotel.com
B. http：//www.ariantowers.com
C. http://www.propeller-island.comD. htlp://www.bahamabeachclub.com
12. Which hotel would invite artists to come to work every year?
A. Propeller Island City Lodge.
B. Arian Amazon Towers.
C. The Ice Hotel.
D. Bahama Beach Club.
参考答案---AADC
C7 [2016·江西卷] B
When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build－up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
61．According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?
A.
By solving the cost problems.
B. By solving the transportation problems.
C.
By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D.
By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
62．What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?
A. Providing food is vital.
B. Learning to fish is helpful.
C. Teaching skills is essential.
D. Looking after others is important.
63．The second paragraph is developed mainly________．
A. by example
B. by process
C. by comparison
D. by contrast
64．Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?
A. A medical team.
B. An exchange program.
C. A water plant.
D. Financial support.
65．What can we infer about international aid from the passage?
A. It is facing difficulties.
B. It is unnecessary during normal times.
C. It should be given in the form of materials.
D. It has gained support from developed countries.
【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。
61. C 考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。
62. C 考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。
63. A 考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example…”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。
64. D 考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run…”可知经济的支持是暂时的。
65. A 考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple…Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。