高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解65
C
According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)．Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.
Class means a person's economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class.Interestingly, a surgeon earning $ 500，000 a year and a bus driver earning $ 50，000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously, people in positions of great power(such as governors) exercise(行使) big power, but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however.For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的) economic class.Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S.Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society.It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so.For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
54．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?
A．People earning $50，000 a year belong to the middle class.
B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.
C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.
D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.
55．According to the text, we know that
________．
A．power and class do not always correspond with each other
B．status refers to a person's economic position in society
C．people with high status have a lot of control over others
D．class is less important in deciding a person's social rank
56．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A．
B.
C．
D.
【要点综述】 本文说明了一个社会现象：每个现代工业社会都有其社会阶层。阶级﹑权力和社会地位是判断一个人的社会阶层的重要标准。
54．B 推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句中的“…46% the middle class”一句可知在美国，有差不多一半的人属于中产阶级，选B。
55．A 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however.”可知，权力和阶级并不总是保持一致。选A。
56．A 篇章结构题。本文第一段是主题段，“Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.”是本文的主题句，后三段分别从这三个方面来论述，故本篇文章是总分的结构。选A。
Businesses are expected to cut spending dramatically through much of 2009. A number of economists, including those National City and Wachovia, don’t expect business investment, which make up about one – tenth of US economic activity, to decline through 2009. According to a survey of 679 chief financial officers by Duke University and CFO Magazine this month, US businesses expect to cut capital spending by more than 10% in the next 12 months, a sharp decrease from September, when the CFOs expected business investment to increase slightly.
John Graham, finance professor at Duke and director of the survey, says businesses are finding ways to repair existing machinery and buildings rather than replace equipment or move. They likely won’t increase their spending until they see concrete evidence that the economy is improving.
Those planning meeting for late winter and early spring are either buying fewer or less – expensive items, or they’re not buying at all. One client who usually spends about $ 80,000 on a conference each year is spending half that. Robert Coen, director of forecasting at media – analysis firm Magna, predicts a 4.5% drop in ad spending to $ 259 billion in 2009 on the heels of a 3.2% drop in 2008. “A recovery in US ad budgets will probably not get underway until 2010,” he says. Another negative for 2009: There aren’t any big ad – spending events such as the Olympics or national elections.
Declining business spending will hurt a number of industries but will be especially tough for the manufacturing sector. Nearly two – thirds of manufacturers expect revenue(税收) to be unchanged or lower in 2009 than 2008, a survey from the Institute for Supply Management found.
17.According to John Graham, how did businesses to deal with the economy crisis?
A. They are spending less.
B. By increasing their business spending sharply.
C. By replacing old equipment with the new equipment.
D. By moving into the cheaper offices.
18.Why are the managers buying less – expensive items for their meetings?
A. To save money themselves.
B. To cut down on expenses and save for the companies.
C. To see the concrete evidence that the economy is on the mend.
D. To save money so they spend more on advertisements.
19.It can be inferred that in a year Olympics are held, many companies _________.
A. contribute more money to the poor
B. give the participants money
C. spend more money on advertising
D. cut down on advertising budgets
20.The best title for the passage is ____________.
A. Predictions about Buying New Equipment in 2009
B. Predictions about Conference Planning in 2009
C. Predictions about Advertising Spending in 2009
D. Predictions for Business Spending in 2009
参考答案---17—20、
DBAC
The Rockford police chief and some city officials want to install （安装） video cameras in all 100 police cars．They think this will reduce the number of lawsuits （法律诉讼）．In the last five years, Rockford has paid out more than five million dollars to settle about 40 lawsuits．
The chief said, "If cameras had been in those cars．we wouldn't have had to pay one cent． We're always pulling over drunks or drug users who try to fight the police or shoot them．Then they always claim （声称） that the police start beating them first or start shooting at them first．"
The cost of installing cameras will be about $500 each．The city council （委员会） will vote on the proposal （提议） next Monday．Ten of the 13 council members said that they like the idea． One member said that it makes good sense．
The police officers enthusiastically support camera use．One officer said that too many people think the police often lie; cameras would show citizens that police tell the truth．"The money that we've been spending on lawsuits will be better spent on more cameras," said one officer．
Citizen opinions to the idea of police car cameras are mixed．One person, said that the police should have started doing this years ago when video cameras were invented．But an elderly man strongly objected．'These police are trying to stick their nose into everything," he said．He was going to attend the council meeting to condemn the proposal．He hoped that other citizens would join him.
．We can learn from what the chief said that with cameras on ___．
A．the police will not be treated unjustly
B．the police will be free from any lawsuits
C．the police can beat the law-breakers first
D．the police can monitor everything around
6．What's the purpose of installing video cameras in police cars?
A．To pay less money on lawsuits．
B．To cut the number of lawsuits．
C．To prevent lawsuits from happening．
D．To stop being beaten by law-breakers．．Which group of people support camera use most?
A．Council members,
B．Police officers．
C．Local people．
D．Drug users．
．What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A．Most citizens support camera use in police cars,
B．The police are trying to take control of everything．
C．The man showed great disagreement on camera use in police cars．
D．Other citizens will join the man to object to camera use in police cars．
—8、ABBC
************************************************结束
C7 [2016·四川卷] D
Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧)．It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain，love，and some other experiences：We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.
If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass－top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty，but it's where my earliest memories are.
There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at this table, I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents' room. It is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.
I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property(住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew, and I learned.
Sometimes when I feel lost，I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my
family，my dogs, and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name，which reminds me I'm home.
43．Why does the author call her parents' bed her “safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?
A．It is her favorite place to play.
B. Her needs can be satisfied there.
C. Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.
D. Her parents always play together with her there.
44．What can be learned from the passage?
A. The old furniture is still in the author's first bedroom.
B. The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.
C. The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.
D. Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.
45．Sometimes when she feels lost，the author will
________．
A. open the window at night
B. lie down in bed to have a dream
C. try to bring back a sense of home
D. go to Los Angeles to visit her mom
46．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To express how much she is attached to her home.
B. To declare how much she loves her first house.
C. To describe the state of her family.
D. To look back on her childhood.
【要点综述】 这是一篇记叙文。作者采用回忆的手法，描写了对家的记忆和感怀。
43．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.”可知，他们的床是作者的安全地带，如果作者害怕的话，随时可以跳上床——叫醒父母；如果作者有重要的事要宣告，不必等到早上(作者可以随时叫醒父母)。故可以判断选B。
44．B 推理判断题。根据第四段“I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property(住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived, I grew, and I learned.”可知，作者很幸运，因为作者知道她的第一个家仍然存在，它存在于她的头脑和心里。故可以判断选B。
45．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home.I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings.”可知，有时，当作者感到失落，就躺下，闭上她的眼睛，回家。作者知道在那里她会找到她的家人、她的狗、她的财物及回家的感觉。故选C。
46．A 归纳概括题。文章通篇描绘对家的思念，落脚点在对家的无限牵挂上。故选A。
阅读理解
Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable 一 especially if you're a woman, according to a new study．
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy．Psychologist Dr Brent Scott, who led the study» said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with customers can backfire．He said： ‘‘Smiling for the sake of smiling throughout the day can lead to emotional exhaustion （枯竭）and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops and that's bad for the organization, ” He added ： “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that's not necessarily the case．”
Dr Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two-week period．His team examined the effects of ‘‘surface acting” 一 pretending to smile, compared with what was termed “deep acting” 一 cultivating （培养）positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories．He said： “Women were harmed more by surface acting» meaning their mood worsened even more than the men and they withdrew more from work．” However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improved more and they withdrew less．
Therefore，pretending to be happy while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings．Although ,“deep acting” seemed to improve mood in the short-term, Dr Scott says it's not a long-term solution （解决方 法）to feeling unhappy．He said： “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore．”
8．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Women suffer more than men when pretending to be happy．
B．It is wrong of employers to force the workers to smile all the time．
C．Cultivating positive emotions is a must for the women workers．
D．Men are harmed less by “surface acting^, than by “deep acting”．
9．The finding of the research might serve as a warning especially to ______
．
A．women employers
B．customers
D． bus drivers
D．bosses
10． The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means
______
．
B suffer from hard work
C． get angry more easily C have the opposite effect
D． become more productive
11．According to Dr Scott，
______
A．women suffer more than men when always wearing a smile
B．workers shouldn't wear forced smiles to please their boss
C．employers should know the bad effect of forcing their workers to smile
D．“deep acting” is a good lasting solution to feeling unhappy
8—11、A D C C