高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解67
There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying fasterthan others, and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.
That product is foreign words.
Gairaigo--words that come from outside--have been part
of the Japanese language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms
no longer understood by native speakers.
But in the last few years the tfi. ckle (涓涓细流) of foreign
words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand
each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good
qualities of traditional (传统的) Japanese.
"The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese
interest in anything new, "Days university lecturer and writer Takashi .%alto. "By using a foreign word you can make a subject
seem new, which makes it easier for the media (媒体) to pick up. '
"Experts (专家) often study abroad and use English terms
when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papers,'said Muturo
Kal, president of the National Language Research Institute.
"Foreign words find their way easily into announcements made
to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.?
Against the flow of new words. many Japanese turning back to
the stud)rd their own language Saito's Japanese to Be Read Aloud is
one of many language books that atne now flying off booksellers'shelves.
"We were expecting to sell the books to young people," said the writer, "but it turns out they are more popular wii the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Jal anese."
1. What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Jal
nese terms?
A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.
B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.
C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.
D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.
答案：答案：答案：答案：
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.) Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed I some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.” 36. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________. A. why certain people age sooner than others
B. how to make people live longer C. the size of certain people’s brains
D. which people are most intelligent
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。 37. On what are their research findings based? A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan.
B. Tests performed on a thousand old people. C. The study of brain volumes of different people
D. The latest development of computer technology.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选C。 38. The doctor’s test show that ________. A. our brains shrink as we grow older
B. the front section of the brain does not shrink C. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds D. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由“The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选D。 39. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means ________. A. something to be considered
B. branches of knowledge studied C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。由“……but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选C。 40. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others? A. Lawyers.
B. Farmers.
C. Clerks.
D. Shop assistants.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由“Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers,……”可知律师变老的风险最小。故选A。
【阅读理解猜测词义】Passage ****************
On May 13,1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Aus tralia with about 750 people. These men and women were not ordinary passengers, They were convicts being sent to Austial ia as punishment for their crimes.
Laws in England during this period were very hard, and
people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man's
property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else's tree. For many other crimes, the punishment was
"transportation". The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay. Often women
and children were shipped to other lands too.
In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England. At first, England found
no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolution took place. England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies (殖民地). So
she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.
A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. The captain was glad to go.
He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. He felt they would obey the laws in the new country.
In January 1788, the English fleet and its cargo--the convicts landed on Australia. After days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. The land nearby had trees and streams. The convict colony made a new beginning here. Australia's history thus began.
1. The article tells us mainly about___________.
A. a fleet of English ships
B. hunting on other people's property
C. a convict settlement in Australia
D. how Australia was discovered
答案：
2. The underlined word "convict'(in Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
A. a person who lost his family
B. a person who has done crimes and is sent to prison
C. a native living in the area
D. a person who is sentenced to death
答案：B.
3. Why did England send convicts to Australia?
A. It wanted to make Captain Cook happy about Australia.
B. It wanted convicts to find a good harbor and good land.
C. It could not feed its overpopulation.
D. It could no longer send convicts to America.
答案：
4. Which statement seems true according to the passage?
A. Former naval captains always started new colonies.
B. The American Revolution had something to do with the convicts.
C. A great country may grow from a small colony.
D. Convicts are not easy to be governed.
答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, "High school English teachers are not doing their jobs." He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established. My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack. The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of English. 41. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________. A. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generation B. the students had a poor command of English because they didn't work hard enough C. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years D. English teachers should be held responsible for the students' poor command of English
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由“High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选D。 42. In the author's opinion, the speaker _______. A. gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students B. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the students C. was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs D. could think and speak intelligently
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。由“As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.”可知作者认为发言者夸张了学生的语言问题。故选B。 43. The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _______. A. neutral
B. positive
C. critical
D. compromising
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。A.中立的；B.肯定的；C.批评的；D.妥协的。由“Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.”可知作者不同意发言者的评论。故选C。 44. It can be concluded from the passage that ______. A. it is justifiable to include English as a school subject B. the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level C. English language teaching is by no means an easy job D. Language improvement needs time and effort
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。“Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years,……”说明成年人的语言能力是经过了多年的发展的，所以语言教学绝不是一项简单的工作。故选C。 45. In the passage the author argues that ______. A. it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the students B) young people would not have a poor command of English if the teachers did their jobs properly C) to get rid of language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and ears D) to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generations
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由“Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.”可知作者认为，因学生语言上的不足而责备英语老师是不公平的。