Module 4
Sandstorms in Asia
Explanations for new words and phrases
1．strength: n. 力量力气
strengthenv. 增强；加强；(使)变强strong：adj.强壮的 导学P-10-2
build up one‘s strength/body 增强实力强身健体
gain one’s strength 积蓄力量with all one‘s strength
竭尽全力in (great) strength 大批大量地under/below strength
不足额；未全部到场的 at full strength 满员额have the strength to do 有做…的力气/意志力I don’t have the strength to climb any further.
我没有力气再往上爬了。
He has been doing morning exercises to build up his strength.他一直进行晨练以增强体力。
Everybody has his strengths and weaknesses.
每个人都有优缺点。以改善经济。
At present America is taking some measures to strengthen the economy.目前美国正在采取措施
辨析：power，energy，force与strength
power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、；也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量；还可指职权，权力或政权。 I shall do everything in my power to help you.
energy：指物理学上的能的概念或生理上的精力。 He had so much energy that he could do the work of three men. 精力旺盛，能做三个人的工作。
force主要指自然界的力量，暴力，势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等。着重指力产生的实际效果。
We had to use force to get into the house. 我们不得不破门而入。
strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”或“强项，长处”；说物时，指“强度”。
The strength of my memory begins to fail. 不从心记忆力开始衰退。tmosphere： n. (1) 空气，大气The pollution of the atmosphere is very serious in this country. 这个国家大气污染很严重。
(2) 气氛，环境Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。
They talked with each other in a friendly atmosphere.他们在友好的气氛中交谈。
Dim lighting creates a relaxing atmosphere.昏暗的灯光营造出一种轻松的气氛。concerned： adj. 关心的；担心的；挂念的；有关的(不用于名词之前)导学Pbe concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念
be concerned with/in 牵涉到扯进；与…有关系/参与…all parties concerned 有关各方
as/so far as... be concerned 就…而言/来说We are concerned about his safety. 我们担心他的安全。
He is concerned with the growth of the younger generation. 他很关心年轻一代的成长。
As far as I am concerned，you can do what you like. 就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
concernn. 担心；关注；(利害)关系show/express concern about/for对…表示关心/担心 have (no) concern with和…有无关系have no concern for对…不关心with concern关切地My mother showed great concern for me. 我母亲非常关心我。
vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到
concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心…concern oneself with 从事参与忙于…
concern sb./sth. 与…有关There is no need to concern yourself with this matter；we’re dealing with it.你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。变化缺乏准备。
What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.让我担心的是我们对事态的
concerningprep. 关于There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 没有充分的证据证明他有罪A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科学家必须提供证据以支持其理论。The room bore evidence of a struggle. 这房间里有搏斗过的迹象。major (minor)： adj. 较大多的；主要的；主修的较重要的major ↔ minor (反义词)vi. 主修；专攻n. 主修课程；主修学生play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
major in sth. 主修 The major part of the town was ruined by the earthquake.镇大部分已被地震造成一片废墟。She majored in Maths and Physics at university. 她在大学里主修数学和物理。Mathematics/English is my major. 我的专业是数学。
majorityn. 大多数be in a/the majority占大多数构成大部分 by/with a majority of以…多数a/the majority of…的大多数
In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority. 女性在护理行业占大多数。
辨析major/main/chief major：“重大的；主要的”，指在规模、数量、重要性方面超出同类的其他事物。 Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.
main：“主要的”，强调事物某一部分分支的重要性大小潜力优于其他，或表整体中最主要最明显的部分，通常只作定语。What's the main purpose of your visit?
chief：“主要的；首要的”，强调在顺序、等级、重要性、价值方面高于其他所有同类事物。 Wuhan is one of the chief cities of China.
6．urgent：adj. 紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的 be in urgent need of 急需…
We have an urgent thing.我们有一件紧要的事情。He says the matter is urgent.他说这事很紧急。
urgevt.催促力劝敦促；进激鼓励；极力主张urge sb to do sth. = urge sb. into doing 敦促某人做
urge sb. against 强烈反对
urge sb. on 鼓励；激励；为…加油
urge that 强烈要求；极力主张（从句用虚拟语气）
He urges his sister's study. 他敦促妹妹学习。
We all urged him to go ahead with his plan. 我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。
He urged the necessity for immediate action. 他强烈要求立即采取行动。
Your progress will urge us to work hard. 你的进步会促进我们努力学习。
I don't want to urge you against your own wish. 我不想勉强你，干违反自己意愿的事。
My friend urge that I (shall) apply for the job. 朋友们力劝我申请那份工作complain： v. 投诉，抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚
complaint： n. 诉苦，抱怨；牢骚；投诉complain＋that 从句(只接 that 从句作宾语，不直接跟sb.或 sth.作宾语)complain to sb. of/about (doing) sth.
向…投诉抱怨(某事)，对…发牢骚complain of... 诉说有…病痛
make a complaint about/of (doing) sth. 提出投诉；抱怨(做)某事
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work. 因感到自己在工作上不受赏识而发牢骚。
At present the young always complain that their parents don’t take their thoughts seriously.
目前年轻人总是抱怨父母不认真对待他们的想法。
If you wish to make a complaint，you should see the manager. 如果你要投诉，你应该去找经理。
cut down： 砍倒使倒下；削减压缩缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)；减价；杀死导学PMany trees have been cut down in the past 20 years in my hometown. 过去20许多树都被砍了。All the big trees have been cut down. 所有的大树都被砍倒了。
Now many teachers have cut down smoking and drinking. 现在许多老师很少抽烟喝酒了。
The doctor told me to cut down on smoking. 医生要我少抽烟。
He was asking $500 for the carbut we cut down to $300.这车他要500但我们把价讲到300美元His driver was cut down in a traffic accident.他的司机在一场事故中死亡。
cut across 走捷径，穿过去 cut in (on sth.) 插话；让某人分享利润 cut off 中止切断；隔绝 cut out 删除；裁剪剪除切掉割掉 cut up 劈碎切碎；使难过伤心；(严重地)割伤
cut short 突然停止，中断(活动)
cut through 穿过；克服；避开；剪断 cut sth. in half/in two将……对半切开
I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time.希望在我们谈话时别老是插嘴。
The electricity company is threatening to cut us off. 电力公司以停电威胁我们。
be caught in：被困于…；遭遇be trapped in / be stuck in被…困住导学Pbe caught doing被撞见做某事 catch up with赶上
catch hold of抓住，握住 He was caught in the heavy snow last night. 昨天晚上他恰巧赶上了大雪。
I am often caught in a heavy traffic on my way to school. 我在上学路上常常遇到塞车。
At the moment our technology is more advancedbut other countries are catching up with us.
目前我们的技术比较先进，不过其他国家正在追赶上来。
The child caught hold of his mother’s hand tightly in the earthquake.地震时，孩子紧抓住妈妈的手。
All the toys in the shop caught the children's attention/eye.孩子们的注意力都被商店的玩具所吸引。
= All the children's attention/eye was caught by the toys in the shop.
= The shop had all the children's attention/eye caught to the toys.
3．one after another:
相继地, 依次地They went into the classroom one after another.
他们一个接一个地走进教室。Under his leadership we won one victory after another. 在他领导下，取得了一个又一个的胜利。One student after another dropped out of the class. 学生一个接一个地离开该班。同义词： one by one one at a time: 一个接一个；逐一She read all the novels one by one. 她逐一读完了的小说。One by one the guests left. 客人一位接一位地离开了。take in：欺骗；理解领悟；吸入收；改小(衣服)；包括包含；收留收容；留…住宿导学PHe had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.他没处可去，我们收留了他。
The students found it easy to take in what Mr. Chen teaches in class.学生发现老师的课很容易理解。
Though he was poor, he took in a family poorer than him.尽管他穷他还是收容了比他还穷的一家人。 take off除去；脱掉；起飞；成功，成名；请假
take on呈现；雇用
take to：喜欢；养成…的习惯take over：接管；占领
take up拿起；占空间；开始从事；继续take back：收回(诺言)；带回
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.我花了很长时间才理解你说的话。
She was not easily taken in.她不容易受骗。
The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.那个农民收留了迷路的旅游者过夜。
She has taken up a job as a teacher.她当上了教师。
Our school has taken on a new look.我们学校呈现出新面貌。give out：vt. 发放出(光热声音信号气体等)；分发；发布公布；精力殆尽导学Pvi. 耗尽；用完用尽Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.树吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。give away：背弃出卖；捐赠；泄露(秘密)暴露
give back归还；送回；报复 give over中止，停止做；交给/付，移交
give forth：发/放出(声音、气味等)；发表，公布 give in (to)屈服，投降，退让
give off：(散)发出(蒸气)，发散(光线) give up放弃公布，你不必再担心了。
The results of the examination won’t be given outso you needn’t worry about it. 考试结果不会
The flowers give out a sweet smell，which makes us relaxed.花发出甜味，使我们感到轻松。
My money began to give out.我的钱快用光了。
The teacher gave out the exam papers.老师分发了试卷。
He has given in to my views.他顺从了我的意见。
7．in a nutshell：简言之；概括地讲。 = in a word /in brief/ in short。
to put it in a nutshell 归总一句话I will put it in a nutshell.我将概括地说。That, in a nutshell, is what we’re doing.
简言之,那就是现在我们正在做的事情。
He put the situation in a nutshell.他简明扼要地说明了情况。This is the story in a nutshell. 这故事的大概就是如此。Unemployment is rising, prices are increasing; in a nutshell, the economy is in trouble.
失业率持续上升,物价节节上涨,简言之,经济出现了问题。