2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练:7 时态与语态-查字典英语网
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2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练:7 时态与语态

发布时间:2017-01-12  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题,每年每份试卷中都有2~3个小题,每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说,命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起,增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态,近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时,其次是一般过去时。1.(2016·福建,26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A.took

  B.is taking

  C.takes

  D.has been taking

  2.(2016·北京,28)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________ us.

  A.expect

  B.are expecting

  C.have expected

  D.will expect

  3.(2016·北京,32)—So what is the procedure?

  —All the applicants ________ before a final decision is made by the authority.

  A.interview

  B.are interviewing

  C.are interviewed

  D.are being interviewed

  4.(2016·湖南,22)“What do you want to be?”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh, I________president,”said the boy, with a smile.

  A.have been

  B.am

  C.was

  D.will be

  5.(2016·湖南,26)If nothing________,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

  A.does

  B.had been done

  C.will do

  D.is done

  6.(2016·湖南,34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

  —I'm so sorry.But I________my homework.

  A.had done

  B.was doing

  C.would do

  D.am doing

  7.(2016·江苏,21)Generally,students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.

  A.is

  B.are

  C.was

  D.were

  8.(2016·江苏,25)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?

  —Sure.I________a report at home.

  A.will be writing

  B.will have written

  C.have written

  D.have been writing

  9.(2016·山东,27)—Oh no! We're too late.The train________.

  — That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.

  A.was leaving

  B.had left

  C.has left

  D.has been leaving

  10.(2016·辽宁,22)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he________it for a very long time.A.has had

  B.had had

  C.has

  D.had

  【例1】 “Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step ________.”A.has shown

  B.is showing

  C.shows

  D.showed

  【例2】 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

  A.suggest

  B.suggests

  C.suggested

  D.suggesting

  答案 B

  1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语如every...,sometimes,at...等连用。

  I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2.客观真理、客观存在、科学事实或格言警句,若出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

  Columbus proved that the earth is round.(客观真理)

  3.一般现在时表将来

  下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

  The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

  4.if条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。

  I won't go there, if it rains tomorrow. 

  【例3】 The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer.

  A.travelled

  B.have travelled

  C.had travelled

  D.travel

  【例4】 When I got on the bus,I ________ I had left my wallet at home.

  A.was realizing

  B.realized

  C.have realized

  D.would realize

  【特别提醒】

  1.一般过去时也可与since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如:

  I ________ in London for many years,but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A.lived

  B.was living

  C.have lived

  D.had lived

  2.一般过去时还可与today,this week,this month,this year等时间状语连用,但这些时间状语显然是指不包括“现在”在内的过去时间。例如: Did you see her today?你今天见到她了吗?

  3.如果since从句的谓语动词是静态动词,则表示动作或状态已结束,不再持续下去。例如:

  It's two weeks since he was ill.他病愈已有两周了。

  It's a long time since she lived here.

  她好久不在这里住了。

  【例5】 —Ann is in hospital.

  —Oh,really?I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.

  A.didn't;am going to

  B.don't;would

  C.don't;will

  D.didn't;will

  【例6】 Close the door of fear behind you,and you ________ the door of faith open before you.

  A.saw

  B.have seen

  C.will see

  D.are seeing

  一般将来时的用法

  (1)表示将要发生的动作和存在的状态;

  (2)表示对将来的看法、假定或推测;

  (3)常用在与时间状语从句、条件状语从句连用的主句中。 (4)“will+do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。

  Fish will die without water.

  没有水鱼将会死。

  (5)“be going to+动词原形”多用于口语中,表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外,还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,对未来进行推断。

  They are going to meet outside the school gate.

  他们打算在校门口见面。

  (6)有些动词例如:go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等,其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。

  I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.

  星期天我要去西藏。

  【例7】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.

  —But our friends ________ for us.

  A.will wait

  B.wait

  C.have waited

  D.are waiting

  【例8】 “The moment ________ soon”,he thought to himself,waiting nervously. A.came

  B.has come

  C.was coming

  D.is coming

  现在进行时的用法

  (1)表示说话时正在发生的动作;

  (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作;

  (3)表示近期特定的安排或计划;

  (4)go,come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。

  (5)常与always,often等频度副词连用,表示某种感情色彩。如:

  He is teaching English and learning Chinese.

  The girl is always talking loud in public.

  (6)事物作主语时,多用一般现在时表示按计划安排的活动;人作主语时,多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事。试比较:

  The train leaves at 10 p.m.火车晚上10点开。

  I am leaving tonight.我今天晚上要走了。

  注意,下列动词不能用于进行时:

  感觉类:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等;

  情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等;

  思想类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand,agree, know等;

  其他类:have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。 

  【例9】 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading,only to be told that it ________.

  A.was decorated

  B.had decorated

  C.had been decorating

  D.was being decorated

  【例10】 —When did the computer crash?

  —This morning,while I ________ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.

  A.have sorted

  B.was sorting

  C.am sorting

  D.had sorted

  过去时行时的用法

  (1)表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成);

  (2)表示某动作在过去某时间段内发生或经常发生;

  (3)在口语中,有时用过去进行时表示现在的想法,语气显得委婉。如:I was wondering if you could do me a favour.不知你能否帮我一个忙;

  (4)与一般过去时的区别:

  a.一般过去时强调动作已完成;而过去进行时强调动作正在进行(未必完成)。

  b.一般过去时的谓语动词既可以延续性的,也可是终止性的;而过去进行时的谓语只能是延续性的。如:

  His brother joined in the army in 1992.他哥哥于1992年参军。(join为终止性动词)。

  My mother was cooking when I got home.我到家时我母亲正在做饭。(cook为延续性动词)。

  现在完成进行时

  【例11】 In order to find the missing child,villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.

  A.did

  B.do

  C.had done

  D.have been doing

  【例12】 Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.

  A.works

  B.worked

  C.has been working

  D.had been working

  现在完成进行时的用法

  (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且现在还在进行。如:

  I have been learning English since three years ago.

  三年以来我一直在学英语。(现在还在学)

  The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人们建造这座桥已经5个月了。(现在还在建)

  (2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,在说话时刚刚结束。如:

  Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去了哪里?我们一直在到处找你。 

  将来进行时【例13】 I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I ________ to Shanghai.

  A.will be flying

  B.will fly

  C.have been flying

  D.have flown

  【例14】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall.

  A.eat

  B.would eat

  C.have eaten

  D.will be eating

  将来进行时的用法

  (1)表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。

  (2)表示稍后的安排。

  (3)表示对将要发生的动作的预测。

  (4)将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有:

  at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from 1:30pm to 4:30pm tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 

  【例15】 —Look!Somebody ________ the sofa.

  —Well,it wasn't me.I didn't do it.

  A.is cleaning

  B.was cleaning

  C.has cleaned

  D.had cleaned

  【例16】 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?

  —Sorry,I ________ the piano for years.

  A.don't play

  B.wasn't playing

  C.haven't played

  D.hadn't played

  1.表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,常与非延续性动词连用,常与其连用的词有already,just,never等。如:

  His brother has joined the Party already.他的兄弟已经入党了。

  2.表示从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用延续性动词,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:

  I've taught English for 15 years.我教过15年英语。

  Where have you been all these years?

  你这些年去哪里了?

  3.表示过去的动作对现在来讲已成为经历或经验。

  We've all played with snow and ice.我们都玩过雪和冰。

  4.常用现在完成时的句型。

  It has been(is)+一段时间+since从句。

  This(That/It)is the first(second...)time+that从句。

  5.与since连用的句子常用现在完成时,since后常接从句(需用过去时)或表示过去某一时间的短语。

  I've lived in this house since I moved here.自从我搬到这,就住在这所房子里。

  6.在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 【例1】 By the time Jack returned home from England,his son ________ from college.

  A.graduated

  B.has graduated

  C.had been graduating

  D.had graduated

  【例】 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ________ into the office during the night.

  A.broke

  B.had broken

  C.has broken

  D.was breaking

  1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。

  He said that he had been abroad for three years.

  他说他在国外呆了3年。

  2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。

  Until then he had known nothing about it yet.

  直到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 

  3.用在It was the first/second/third ...time that ...句型中,that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。

  This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。

  4.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

  It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。

  5.表示愿望或打算一类的词,例如:intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜。

  I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你,但我这来了个不速之客。

  6.用在表示“刚刚……就……”的句型中:Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主语+done... when...did...;No sooner had+主语+done...than...did...。

  Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.

  她刚一上床铃就响了。

  【例】 In the near future,more advances in the robot technology ________ by scientists.

  A.are making

  B.are made

  C.will make

  D.will be made

  【例】 His sister left home in 1998,and ________ since.

  A.had not been heard of

  B.has not been heard of

  C.had not heard of

  D.has not heard of

  1.测试语态实际上也同时在测试时态。在做涉及动词的时态和语态的单项选择题时,分两步走:先确定语态,然后再敲定时态。如果主语是动作的执行者,就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。时态要根据上下文、句意和句子结构来确定,遵循“时态呼应”原则。

  2.不及物动词,如happen,occur,belong,take place等没有被动语态。

  如The accident happened last night.

  昨夜发生了交通事故。

  The car belonged to Black.这辆车属于Black。

  3.被动语态的助动词be有时可以换成get,构成“get+过去分词”的被动结构。例如:They got married at last.

  他们最终结为伉俪。About 30 passengers got killed in that terrible traffic accident.在那次特大交通事故中约有30名乘客丧生。

  4.短语动词的被动语态,不要丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。

  【例】 The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

  A.was felt

  B.is felt

  C.felt

  D.feels

  【例】 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________to the well-educated.

  A.belongs

  B.is belonged

  C.is belonging

  D.will be belonged

  主动形式表被动意义的用法

  (2)动词blame,rent的不定式作表语时,主动式表被动意义。如:The house is to rent.

  (3)形容词worth doing中doing的主动式表被动意义。如:

  The story is worth reading.

  (4)某些及物动词如read,write,wash,sell,cut,lock等表示主语的某种属性;或表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如open,start,begin,move等都可用主动形式表被动意义。如:

  The meeting began at 7:30 am. 1.—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

  —Yes,I did.You know,my brother ________ in the match.

  A.is playing

  B.was playing

  C.has played

  D.had played

  2.I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.

  A.taught

  B.have taught

  C.are taught

  D.have been taught

  3.—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.

  —I think so.He ________ for it for months.

  A.is preparing

  B.was preparing

  C.had been preparing

  D.has been preparing

  4.We first met on a train in 2010,but we both felt immediately that we ________ each other for years.

  A.knew

  B.have known

  C.had known

  D.know

  5.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________ to arrive.

  A.is expected

  B.is expecting

  C.expects

  D.will be expected

  6.If their marketing plans succeed,they ________ their sales by 20 percent.

  A.will increase

  B.have been increasing

  C.have increased

  D.would be increasing

  7.—Sorry,sir,your car isn't ready yet.

  It ________ by our workers.

  —Oh,my God,when can I come to fetch it?

  A.is repaired

  B.has been repaired

  C.is being repaired

  D.will be repaired

  8.Visitors ________ not to touch the exhibits.

  A.will request

  B.are requested

  C.are requesting

  D.request

  9.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not an easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.

  A.is changing

  B.has changed

  C.will have changed

  D.will change

  答案 A10.All the preparations for the task ________,and we're ready to start.

  A.completed

  B.complete

  C.had been completed

  D.have been completed

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