课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题,每年每份试卷中都有2~3个小题,每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说,命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起,增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态,近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时,其次是一般过去时。1.(2016·福建,26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A.took
B.is taking
C.takes
D.has been taking
2.(2016·北京,28)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________ us.
A.expect
B.are expecting
C.have expected
D.will expect
3.(2016·北京,32)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ________ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A.interview
B.are interviewing
C.are interviewed
D.are being interviewed
4.(2016·湖南,22)“What do you want to be?”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh, I________president,”said the boy, with a smile.
A.have been
B.am
C.was
D.will be
5.(2016·湖南,26)If nothing________,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does
B.had been done
C.will do
D.is done
6.(2016·湖南,34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry.But I________my homework.
A.had done
B.was doing
C.would do
D.am doing
7.(2016·江苏,21)Generally,students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
8.(2016·江苏,25)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I________a report at home.
A.will be writing
B.will have written
C.have written
D.have been writing
9.(2016·山东,27)—Oh no! We're too late.The train________.
— That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
A.was leaving
B.had left
C.has left
D.has been leaving
10.(2016·辽宁,22)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he________it for a very long time.A.has had
B.had had
C.has
D.had
【例1】 “Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step ________.”A.has shown
B.is showing
C.shows
D.showed
【例2】 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A.suggest
B.suggests
C.suggested
D.suggesting
答案 B
1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语如every...,sometimes,at...等连用。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.客观真理、客观存在、科学事实或格言警句,若出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.(客观真理)
3.一般现在时表将来
下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
4.if条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
I won't go there, if it rains tomorrow.
【例3】 The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer.
A.travelled
B.have travelled
C.had travelled
D.travel
【例4】 When I got on the bus,I ________ I had left my wallet at home.
A.was realizing
B.realized
C.have realized
D.would realize
【特别提醒】
1.一般过去时也可与since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如:
I ________ in London for many years,but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A.lived
B.was living
C.have lived
D.had lived
2.一般过去时还可与today,this week,this month,this year等时间状语连用,但这些时间状语显然是指不包括“现在”在内的过去时间。例如: Did you see her today?你今天见到她了吗?
3.如果since从句的谓语动词是静态动词,则表示动作或状态已结束,不再持续下去。例如:
It's two weeks since he was ill.他病愈已有两周了。
It's a long time since she lived here.
她好久不在这里住了。
【例5】 —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh,really?I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.
A.didn't;am going to
B.don't;would
C.don't;will
D.didn't;will
【例6】 Close the door of fear behind you,and you ________ the door of faith open before you.
A.saw
B.have seen
C.will see
D.are seeing
一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作和存在的状态;
(2)表示对将来的看法、假定或推测;
(3)常用在与时间状语从句、条件状语从句连用的主句中。 (4)“will+do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼将会死。
(5)“be going to+动词原形”多用于口语中,表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外,还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,对未来进行推断。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他们打算在校门口见面。
(6)有些动词例如:go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等,其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
星期天我要去西藏。
【例7】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________ for us.
A.will wait
B.wait
C.have waited
D.are waiting
【例8】 “The moment ________ soon”,he thought to himself,waiting nervously. A.came
B.has come
C.was coming
D.is coming
现在进行时的用法
(1)表示说话时正在发生的动作;
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作;
(3)表示近期特定的安排或计划;
(4)go,come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。
(5)常与always,often等频度副词连用,表示某种感情色彩。如:
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)事物作主语时,多用一般现在时表示按计划安排的活动;人作主语时,多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事。试比较:
The train leaves at 10 p.m.火车晚上10点开。
I am leaving tonight.我今天晚上要走了。
注意,下列动词不能用于进行时:
感觉类:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等;
情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等;
思想类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand,agree, know等;
其他类:have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。
【例9】 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading,only to be told that it ________.
A.was decorated
B.had decorated
C.had been decorating
D.was being decorated
【例10】 —When did the computer crash?
—This morning,while I ________ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A.have sorted
B.was sorting
C.am sorting
D.had sorted
过去时行时的用法
(1)表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成);
(2)表示某动作在过去某时间段内发生或经常发生;
(3)在口语中,有时用过去进行时表示现在的想法,语气显得委婉。如:I was wondering if you could do me a favour.不知你能否帮我一个忙;
(4)与一般过去时的区别:
a.一般过去时强调动作已完成;而过去进行时强调动作正在进行(未必完成)。
b.一般过去时的谓语动词既可以延续性的,也可是终止性的;而过去进行时的谓语只能是延续性的。如:
His brother joined in the army in 1992.他哥哥于1992年参军。(join为终止性动词)。
My mother was cooking when I got home.我到家时我母亲正在做饭。(cook为延续性动词)。
现在完成进行时
【例11】 In order to find the missing child,villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.
A.did
B.do
C.had done
D.have been doing
【例12】 Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.
A.works
B.worked
C.has been working
D.had been working
现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且现在还在进行。如:
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。(现在还在学)
The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人们建造这座桥已经5个月了。(现在还在建)
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,在说话时刚刚结束。如:
Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去了哪里?我们一直在到处找你。
将来进行时【例13】 I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I ________ to Shanghai.
A.will be flying
B.will fly
C.have been flying
D.have flown
【例14】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A.eat
B.would eat
C.have eaten
D.will be eating
将来进行时的用法
(1)表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
(2)表示稍后的安排。
(3)表示对将要发生的动作的预测。
(4)将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有:
at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from 1:30pm to 4:30pm tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
【例15】 —Look!Somebody ________ the sofa.
—Well,it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A.is cleaning
B.was cleaning
C.has cleaned
D.had cleaned
【例16】 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry,I ________ the piano for years.
A.don't play
B.wasn't playing
C.haven't played
D.hadn't played
1.表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,常与非延续性动词连用,常与其连用的词有already,just,never等。如:
His brother has joined the Party already.他的兄弟已经入党了。
2.表示从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用延续性动词,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:
I've taught English for 15 years.我教过15年英语。
Where have you been all these years?
你这些年去哪里了?
3.表示过去的动作对现在来讲已成为经历或经验。
We've all played with snow and ice.我们都玩过雪和冰。
4.常用现在完成时的句型。
It has been(is)+一段时间+since从句。
This(That/It)is the first(second...)time+that从句。
5.与since连用的句子常用现在完成时,since后常接从句(需用过去时)或表示过去某一时间的短语。
I've lived in this house since I moved here.自从我搬到这,就住在这所房子里。
6.在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 【例1】 By the time Jack returned home from England,his son ________ from college.
A.graduated
B.has graduated
C.had been graduating
D.had graduated
【例】 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ________ into the office during the night.
A.broke
B.had broken
C.has broken
D.was breaking
1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他说他在国外呆了3年。
2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。
3.用在It was the first/second/third ...time that ...句型中,that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。
4.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。
5.表示愿望或打算一类的词,例如:intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你,但我这来了个不速之客。
6.用在表示“刚刚……就……”的句型中:Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主语+done... when...did...;No sooner had+主语+done...than...did...。
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她刚一上床铃就响了。
【例】 In the near future,more advances in the robot technology ________ by scientists.
A.are making
B.are made
C.will make
D.will be made
【例】 His sister left home in 1998,and ________ since.
A.had not been heard of
B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of
D.has not heard of
1.测试语态实际上也同时在测试时态。在做涉及动词的时态和语态的单项选择题时,分两步走:先确定语态,然后再敲定时态。如果主语是动作的执行者,就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。时态要根据上下文、句意和句子结构来确定,遵循“时态呼应”原则。
2.不及物动词,如happen,occur,belong,take place等没有被动语态。
如The accident happened last night.
昨夜发生了交通事故。
The car belonged to Black.这辆车属于Black。
3.被动语态的助动词be有时可以换成get,构成“get+过去分词”的被动结构。例如:They got married at last.
他们最终结为伉俪。About 30 passengers got killed in that terrible traffic accident.在那次特大交通事故中约有30名乘客丧生。
4.短语动词的被动语态,不要丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。
【例】 The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A.was felt
B.is felt
C.felt
D.feels
【例】 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________to the well-educated.
A.belongs
B.is belonged
C.is belonging
D.will be belonged
主动形式表被动意义的用法
(2)动词blame,rent的不定式作表语时,主动式表被动意义。如:The house is to rent.
(3)形容词worth doing中doing的主动式表被动意义。如:
The story is worth reading.
(4)某些及物动词如read,write,wash,sell,cut,lock等表示主语的某种属性;或表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如open,start,begin,move等都可用主动形式表被动意义。如:
The meeting began at 7:30 am. 1.—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes,I did.You know,my brother ________ in the match.
A.is playing
B.was playing
C.has played
D.had played
2.I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A.taught
B.have taught
C.are taught
D.have been taught
3.—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He ________ for it for months.
A.is preparing
B.was preparing
C.had been preparing
D.has been preparing
4.We first met on a train in 2010,but we both felt immediately that we ________ each other for years.
A.knew
B.have known
C.had known
D.know
5.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________ to arrive.
A.is expected
B.is expecting
C.expects
D.will be expected
6.If their marketing plans succeed,they ________ their sales by 20 percent.
A.will increase
B.have been increasing
C.have increased
D.would be increasing
7.—Sorry,sir,your car isn't ready yet.
It ________ by our workers.
—Oh,my God,when can I come to fetch it?
A.is repaired
B.has been repaired
C.is being repaired
D.will be repaired
8.Visitors ________ not to touch the exhibits.
A.will request
B.are requested
C.are requesting
D.request
9.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not an easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.
A.is changing
B.has changed
C.will have changed
D.will change
答案 A10.All the preparations for the task ________,and we're ready to start.
A.completed
B.complete
C.had been completed
D.have been completed