冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题,而且基本都设两空。一般情况下,试题的情景较为曲折,句式以复合句为主。另外,在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括:
1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。
3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4.考查零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则:
(1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指;
(2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词;
(3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。
2016年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点,而冠词的活用仍会成为2016年高考考查的难点。
一定冠词
1.表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
请把桌上的杂志递给我。
二不定冠词
3.用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.
他是事业成功人士。
三零冠词
1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。
4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
10.用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).
老师走了进来,手里拿着书。
四冠词在固定搭配中的用法
1.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight, by height等。
2.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
此外,在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中,名词前要用the。
3.用于某些习惯用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。
4.有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如:
1.(2016·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a
B.a;a
C.a;the
D.the;the
2.(2016·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a;/
B.the;the
C.a;the
D./;/
【答案】A
3.(2016·山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A./;a
B.a;the
C.the;a
D.the;/
4.(2016·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A.the;a
B.a;/
C./;the
D.the;the
5.(2016·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a;an
B.a;/
C./;the
D.the;an
6.(2016·重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A.a;/
B.the; /
C.the; an
D.a; an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A.a; a
B.a;the
C.the;a
D.the;the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A.a;a
B.a;the
C.the;the
D.a;/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.a;a
D.the;a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the
B.a;a
C.a;/
D./;a
不定冠词的用法
泛指单数和首提,某个/每个/又一个;
物质名词具体化,相同还是抽象词;
三餐四季有修饰,感叹句中有名单。
①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前;
②表示又一个,某一个(a second;a certain...)
③具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success,a surprise...)
④有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)
⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词。(How lovely a girl!)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A.the;/
B./;the
C.the;the
D./;/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.
A.a;a
B.the;the
C./;/
D./;a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A.a;/
B.the;/
C.the;an
D.a;the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.
A.the;the
B.a;a
C.a;the
D.the;a
定冠词的用法
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语和乐器。
①特指某些人或事物;②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已经提到的人或事物;④世界上独一无二的事物前;⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前;⑥某些专有名词前;⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如:play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;the
D./;the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A./;the
B.the;/
C.an;the
D.the;a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A./;a
B.a; /
C.the;a
D.a;the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A.a;/
B./;the
C.a;the
D./;/
不用冠词的情况口诀
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前:
专有名词表泛指,学科球类三餐前;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况,即:
①名词前已有作定语的this,that,some,my等限定词;
②泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前;
③表示学科的(如English,maths,physics)等名词前;
④球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前;
⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时;
⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前;
⑦表示颜色(如:It's red/yellow)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;
1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the
B./;a
C./;the
D.The,the
2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A.the;the
B.a;the
C./;a
D.the;a
3.— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.
A./;a
B.an;/
C./;the
D.an;a
4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A./;/
B.the;/
C.the;a
D.the;the
5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A.A;a
B.A;the
C.The;a
D.The;/
6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A.the;a
B.the;the
C.an;the
D.an;a
7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A.a;a
B.a;/
C.the;a
D.the;/
8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.a;a
D.the;a
9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A.a;the
B.a;/
C./;the
D./;/
10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A.the;/
B./;/
C.the;a
D.an;the