2016届高考英语冲刺写作必考话题：4-11 unit11 the media

　　(1)英语中的不定代词all, both, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything；形容词complete, entire, whole；副词completely, entirely, wholly, altogether等和否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都……”的意思。 (2)英语中的不定代词none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither；副词(词组)no, never, nowhere, no more, no longer等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用，构成全部否定。

　　①He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. (2011·浙江卷，A)

　　他说或许这再次证明了并非所有新锁都是可靠的。 ②None of the books are useful to us for the moment.

　　这些书对我们暂时都没用。

　　arise vi.发生，出现；起身，起立

　　(教材原句)Could you tell us how the problem arose?

　　你能告诉我们这个问题是如何产生的吗？

　　arise from/out of...由……引a起

　　when the need/problem arises当需要/问题出现时

　　①These changes arise from differences in climate and the nature of the country.这些变化是由这个国家的气候和自然环境的差异引起的。 ②We can turn to our English teacher for help ____________.如果有问题，我们可以向英语老师求助。

　　词语辨析　rise, raise, arise rise 为不及物动词，也可用作名词。意为“(太阳、月亮等)升起，(物价、数量、地位等)增长、上升，(河水等)发源”；也可指人“起床，起立”等；其过去式、过去分词分别为rose和risen raise 为及物动词，意为“提高(数量、水平等)，提升，筹募，引起，抚养，饲养”；其过去式、过去分词均为raised arise 为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生，起因于”；过去式和过去分词分别为arose和arisen 巧学助记

　　③Although a new economic crisis has ________ and prices are also ________， I want to ________ some money to set up a school.尽管又爆发了一次金融危机，而且物价也在上涨，但是我还是想筹集一些钱来建一所学校。 答案　②when the problem arises　③arisen；rising；raise blame

　　vt.责怪，归咎于n.过失；责备

　　(教材原句)The media is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.

　　由于鼓励了狗仔队的行为，媒体经常被谴责。

　　(1)blame sb for (doing) sth因(做了)某事而责备某人

　　blame sth on...把某事归咎于……

　　be to blame (for...)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(不定式用主动语态) (2)take the blame for sth对某事负责任

　　put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事的责任推到某人身上

　　①There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. (2012·陕西卷，D) 如果你(对衣着服饰)的选择与你喜欢的雇主的标准不符，那只能怪你。 ②Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating American­style fast food. (2016·湖北卷，C) 还有一些人怪罪于美国人，抱怨由于吃美式快餐体重增加。

　　③They blamed him for the accident happening the other day.

　　＝They ________the accident happening the other day________him.

　　他们把前几天发生的事故归咎于他。 答案　③blamed；on employ vt.雇用；聘请；使忙于；使从事于

　　[牛津]Can't we employ someone as an assistant to help deal with all this paperwork?

　　我们不可以雇一位助理来协助处理这些文书工作吗？

　　①For the past ten years I have been employed as an English teacher in this middle school.

　　十年以来我一直在这所中学受雇当一名英语教师。 ②Guo Jingming is employed in writing a new novel.

　　＝Guo Jingming________________a new novel.

　　郭敬明忙着写一部新小说。 答案　②employs himself in writing attempt

　　vt.&n.尝试，试图

　　(教材原句)But sometimes, the paparazzi go too far in their attempt to get the best photographs.但是有的时候，狗仔队为了获得最好的照片要走很远的路。

　　① Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures. (2012·新课标卷，完形填空)

　　当我们尝试跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。 ②We made an attempt to leave for camping, but were stopped by our teacher.

　　我们想去野营但被我们的老师拦住了。 ③She has been charged with the ________ murder of her husband.她被指控意图谋杀丈夫。 答案　③attempted ①Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. (2016·广东卷，A)

　　汤姆喜欢假扮，他特别喜欢扮演超级英雄。 ②He pretended that he was reading an English paper when the teacher came in.

　　＝He________________an English paper when the teacher came in.

　　当老师进来的时候，他假装在看英语报纸。 答案　②pretended to be reading approach n．[C]方法，方式；路径；[单数]靠近

　　vt.&vi.接近；靠近；接洽；要求；着手处理

　　(教材原句)For many of today's advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successfull approach.对当今许多广告人来说，重复旧的理念已不是一种成功的办法。 ①China and Russia have similar approaches to addressing major international problem.中国和俄罗斯在解决重大国际问题上有着相似的立场。 ②I'm not very good at making approaches to strangers.我不善于和陌生人打交道。 ③She approached the bank for a loan in order to buy a new house.为了买一所新房子她向银行申请贷款。 词语辨析　approach，method, way approach 处理问题的具体方法、步骤，与介词to连用 method 指有理论的或有系统的方法，与介词of连用，构成the method of doing sth, with this method way 方法的通用语，适用范围较广，与介词of连用，构成the way of doing sth/to do sth, in this way ④Some factories take no________to the problem of pollution to make a greater profit, but we are trying to develop new________of pollution control.I think only in this________can we build a harmonious society. 答案　④approach；methods；way scene n．场面，场景；(戏剧的)一场；景色

　　(高考佳句)We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. (2012·全国卷Ⅰ)

　　当员工们在一条弯曲的路的边缘把树竖起来布置场景时，我们都站在影棚的远端。

　　on the scene在现场；当场；在台上

　　come on the scene出场；登场

　　①The police were on the scene soon after the traffic accident happened.

　　交通事故发生后不久警察就赶到了现场。

　　词语辨析　scene, scenery, sight, view scene 可数名词。指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可是人工造成的。还可表示“场面，场景；事发现场和地点；(戏剧)场景” scenery 总称，指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。常作不可数名词 sight 侧重指旅游观光的风光，如城市景色或自然风光。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。常用复数。还可表示“视觉；视野；看法” view 多指从远处或高处，即从某一角度所见的景色。还可表示“意见；观点” ②The Great Wall, whose________is beautiful, is one of the most breathtaking________in the world, but thirty years ago, beautiful as the________was from the distance, a dirty________appeared in front of us when we arrived there. 答案　②scenery；sights；view；scene consist of 由……组成，由……构成(＝be made up of/be composed of)

　　(教材原句)Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.有些广告中含有一些图片或专家说的话，告诉人们该产品如何好。

　　①The package________________a long, narrow box carefully wrapped in brown paper.(2012·浙江卷完形填空)

　　包裹里有一个用棕色的纸仔细包装的又长又窄的盒子。 ②The beauty of the city________________its magnificent buildings.

　　这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。 答案　①consisted of　②consists in 注意 consist of与consist in不用进行时态，也不用被动语态。 stand out 突出，显眼 (教材原句)Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combing the highest standards of design with ideas linked to products to make them more attractive. 现代的广告必须通过最高水平设计加上更具吸引力的产品理念在充满竞争的世界里脱颖而出。 stand for是……意思，代表；支持；象征 stand by sb/sth支持某人；遵守某事 stand up for为……辩护；支持

　　①We stand for a peaceful settlement of the international dispute.我一贯主张和平解决这一争端。 ②She is the sort of person who________________in a crowd.她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。 答案　②stands out

　　[句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和进行服务。 not all...为部分否定结构“并非都”、“并非所有的”，故本句可替换为：However，all advertising is not about selling products and services for a profit.

　　础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．treasure v．珍惜；珍藏 2．partner n.

　　伙伴 3．memory n.

　　记忆 4．appreciate v.

　　感激；欣赏 5．communicate v.

　　交际；沟通 6．relative n.

　　亲属 ·必考话题11　人际关系(Ⅰ) 7．precious adj.

　　珍贵的 8．relationship n.

　　人际关系 9．fall in love with

　　相爱；爱上 10．trust each other

　　相互信任 11．be loyal to

　　对……忠诚 12．turn to sb for help

　　向某人求助 13．look down upon

　　看不起；轻视 14．know sb well

　　熟知某人

　　提分句型 1．I'm sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. 很抱歉你在交友上遇到麻烦。然而，假如你听从我的建议，情况是很容易改变的。 2．I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand to solve this problem.

　　如果你能帮忙解决这个问题，我将不胜感激。 3．Being polite is the most important step to develop relationship among friends.

　　礼貌是建立朋友关系当中最重要的一步。 4．What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.我想强调的是我们中的每一个人都应该更多的倾听别人。 [美 文 赏 析] 素材示例　(2016·重庆卷)请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

　　A mother said，“My son is always on the phone，sleeping，out with his friends，or in his room.He never has time to talk to me.”

　　要求：(1)就此材料发表你的看法；(2)紧扣材料，有明确的观点；(3)词数不少于60； ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Recently，many teenagers like to spend more time in playing mobile phones，sleeping，hanging out with their friends or staying in their rooms instead of talking to their parents. Why does it occur？I think it is for lack of① communication.Teenagers seek from

　　their friends, and others

　　in time of

　　difficulties and problems instead of from their parents or families.One of the main factors affecting the communication between parents and children is age difference. 佳作播报

　　For one thing，② we have this so­called communication gap. Our parents often forget about children's wants and needs before they decide to do something，or buy something.If our parents know these，potential communication problems may be solved. For another thing，② communication is two­way.Both parents and children should listen to each other and respect each other. 1．lack of 缺少，常与for连用构成短语，for lack of因缺少……。

　　[模拟]　For lack of money，the trip was cancelled.因为缺钱，这次旅行被取消了。 2．for one thing...for another thing...一方面……，另一方面……，通常用于引出并列的两个理由。

　　[模拟]　I can't buy a car.For one thing，I can't drive.For another thing, I don't have enough money.我没能买车，一方面是因为我不会开车，另一方面是因为我没有足够的钱

　　Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(vt.)要求，请求 2．________(vt.)&(n.)尝试，试图→________(adj.)未遂的 3．________(adj.)政治的→________(n.)政治 4．________(n.)信仰；信心；信任→________(vt.)相信 5．________(vt.)宣布，宣告→________(n.)公告

　　6．________(n.)申请(书)；应用→________(n.)申请人→________(vt.)申请 7．________(n.)解释；说明→________(vt.)解释 8．________(vt.)雇用→________(n.)雇用→________(n.)失业→________(n.)雇主→________(n.)雇员→________(adj.)自己经营的 9．________(n.)争论，争吵→________(vi.)争吵 10．________(vt.)分析→________(n.)分析 11．________(n.)鼓励→________(vt.)鼓励→________(adj.)鼓舞人心的→________(adj.)受鼓舞的

　　12．________(vi.)发生，出现 13．________(vt.)责怪，归咎于 14．________(vt.)保卫，防御，辩解→________(n.)保卫；防卫 15．________(vt.)为……做广告，登广告→________(n.)广告→________(n.)广告人 16．________(n.)贡献，捐助→________(vt.)贡献 17．________(adj.)天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的→________(n.)清白无罪 18．________(vt.)做出结论；结束→________(n.)结论

　　19．________(vt.)&(vi.)打断某人的讲话或动作；打扰→________(n.)打断 20．________(adj.)自然环境的→________(adv.)环境地→________(n.)环境 21．________(n.)保护，防卫→________(vt.)保护 22．________(n.)方法，方式 23．________(n.)场面，风景→________(n.)风景(总称) 答案　1.demand　2.attempt；attempted　3.political； politics　4.belief；believe　5.announce；announcement　 6.application；applicant；apply

　　7.explanation；explain　8.employ；employment；unemployment；employer；employee；self­employed　9.argument；argue　10.analyse；analysis　11.encouragement；encourage；encouraging；encouraged　12.arise　13.blame　14.defend；defence　15.advertise；advertisement；advertiser　16.contribution；contribute　17.innocent；innocence　18.conclude；conclusion　19.interrupt；interruption　20.environmental；environmentally；environment　21.protection；protect 22．approach　23.scene；scenery

　　There's no evidence before the explosion.Who is to blame？There are different attitudes according to the analysis and her explanation.We have strong belief that she doesn't pretend to be innocent. ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．是……意思；代表；支持 ________________ 2．详细地

　　________________ 3．结果是；归结为

　　________________ 4．展望，期待

　　________________ 5．支持，赞同

　　________________ 6．与……竞争

　　________________ 7．抓住……的注意力

　　________________ 8．由……组成

　　________________

　　9．stand out

　　________________ 10．be linked with/to

　　________________ 11．participate in

　　________________ 12．as long as

　　________________ 13．comment on

　　________________ 14．get stuck in

　　________________ 15．help out

　　________________ 16．go ahead with

　　________________

　　答案　1.stand for　2.in detail　3.come down to　 4．look forward to　5.in favour of　6.in competition with 7．hold the attention of　8.consist of/be made up of 9．突出，显眼　10.与……相关联　11.参与，参加　 12．只要　13.发表意见，提出看法　14.陷入…… 15．帮助克服困难　16.开始做；着手于

　　①His parents weren't in favour of what he said. ②I think the black lettering will stand out best on yellow sign. ③The letters “USA” stand for “the United States of America”． ④I don't mind where we go as long as there's sun, sea and beach. ⑤What he wants to say is how great an effort he has made to help her out. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和健康护理机构非常重要。

　　[解读]“of＋抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词

　　[模拟]It ________________(是非常重要的) for our government to prevent the house price going up.

　　2．However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和进行服务的。

　　[解读]部分否定

　　[模拟]All birds have wings, but________________(并不是所有的鸟都会飞)．

　　3．According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don't mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，人们不在乎电视中的不良语言，只要不用在儿童看的节目中。

　　[解读]as long as引导的条件状语从句

　　[模拟]________________(只要有生命)，there is hope.

　　4．No matter what the government says, it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.不管政府说什么，很明显这个飞机场也会对我们的健康有影响。

　　[解读]no matter what引导的让步状语从句

　　[模拟]My parents always waited up for me，______________(无论我什么时间放学回家)

　　答案　1.is of great importance　2.not all birds can fly　3.As long as there is life　4.no matter what time I got home from school Ⅳ.必背句法——被动语态(Ⅱ)；动名词 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．A talk on how to learn English well ________(give)in the school hall next Monday. 2．When asked by the police，he said that he remembered ________(arrive)at the party，but not ________(leave)． 3．She looks forward every spring to ________(walk)in the flower­lined garden. 4．In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sound at the end of the words________ (drop)． 5．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they________(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 答案　1.will be given　2.arriving；leaving　3.walking　 4.is dropped　5.have been promised ①I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention______

　　when we talked on the phone.

　　我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆，但我们电话聊天时他没提被提拔这件事。 ②It's no use________her because she won't listen.

　　跟她争论没有用因为她不会听的。 ③The boy ________________for what he had done.

　　这个男孩为他的所作所为受到责备。

　　——条分缕析，步步为营

　　④The professor, who was the leader of the research group, announced to the public that the experiment ____________

　　the next month.

　　那个教授是研究组的领导，他向大家宣布实验将于下个月完成。 答案　①having been promoted　②arguing with　③was to blame　④would be finished [词 汇 精 解] demand vt.要求，请求n.要求(的事物)；需要

　　(教材原句)Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.

　　世界各地的人民都要求改革。

　　(1)demand to do sth要求做某事

　　demand sth of/from sb向某人要某物

　　demand＋that从句[从句用(should＋)动词原形] (2)meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人的需要

　　in demand有需求

　　①The workers are demanding better pay of/from the boss.工人们正在要求老板提高工资。 ②Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to ________________. (2012·湖南，Part ⅣSection A)

　　自从最早的文明开始，人类就已经控制河流以满足社会的需要。 答案　②meet society's demands 注意 不可说demand sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”。类似的动词还有hope，agree和suggest等。 础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展

　　(1)employ

　　(2)employ oneself in (doing) sth

　　＝be employed in (doing) sth从事于/忙于(做)某事

　　(1)attempt试图做某事

　　(2)make an attempt to do sth企图做某事

　　at the first attempt第一次尝试

　　(3)attempted adj.未遂的

　　pretend vt.&vi.伪装，假装，(在游戏中)假扮；伪称，佯称

　　(教材原句)Pretending to be a repairman to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.假扮成修理工进入一个电影明星的房间并且拍摄她的生活照。

　　pretend that...假装……

　　pretend

　　(1)the approach

　　make an approach to sth/sb对……进行探讨；和某人打交道

　　(2)approach sb

　　(1)consist

　　(2)consistent adj.一致的；相符的

　　be consistent with和……一致；和……相符