①If you're addicted to computer games, you'll ruin yourself.玩电脑游戏成瘾，你会毁了你自己。 ②Many factories________________after the European debt crisis.欧债危机之后有许多工厂败落了。 答案 ②fell in ruin mercy n．慈悲，怜悯，同情心
(教材原句)He had no mercy so we had to leave fast.
他没有同情心，所以我们不得不赶紧离开。
at the mercy of
任凭……的摆布，
完全受……的支配
have mercy on/ upon 对……有怜悯心
show mercy to sb
对某人表示宽容
with/without mercy 仁慈地/残忍地 ①Francis thought it was not proper for a basketball player to show mercy to his competitors.
弗朗西斯认为篮球队员同情其对手是不合适的。 ②On the contrary, the crisis struck China without mercy and did harm to its still developing economy.
相反，危机无情地打击了中国，对其正在发展中的经济造成了危害。 ③They were lost at sea，_________________________wind and weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。
答案 ③at the mercy of conclusion
n．结论；结束
(教材原句)conclusion—why you want to live there.
结论——为什么你要住在那里。
(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
make a conclusion
下结论
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束
in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后(一句话)
(2)conclude v．
推断出；推论出；结束 ① We came to the conclusion that he was against our plan.我们得出结论他反对我们的计划。 ②________________， I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。 答案 ②In conclusion date back (to)追溯(到)
(教材原句)Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!
在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸！
(1)date from (＝date back to) 追溯到，始于
(2)to date
迄今，到现在为止
up to date
最新式的，现代的
out of date
过时的；过期的 ①The news you told me was out of date but you thought it was up to date.
你告诉我的资讯是过时的，但你认为是最新的。 ②I became a member of the company _______1925. (2012·北京卷完形填空)
我成为那个公司的一员，这家公司可以追溯到1925年。 答案 ②dating back to relate to 把……与……联系起来；理解；涉及
(教材原句)People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.死者亲属会在特殊的日子和节日里剪这些祭祀用的剪纸。
relate sth to sb
叙述(经历、事实等)；讲述(故事)
relate...to/with...
把……与……联系起来
be related to
与……有关 ①The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
报告想把犯罪增多与失业增加联系起来。 ②The death of this man was related to the food which went bad.这个人的死与变质的食物有关。 ③Each day, he'd send out an email praising a team member for work ________________global marketing. (2012·江苏卷任务型阅读)
每天他都会发出一封电子邮件来表扬一个队员所做的与全球市场有关的工作。 答案 ③related to try out 试用，试验
(教材原句)I was also ready to try out papercutting for myself.我也准备自己尝试剪纸。
try out for
参加……选拔
try for
试图获得或赢得某物
try one's best to do sth 竭尽所能做某事 ①Alison's trying for a job as a research assistant.
阿莉森正在争取一份研究助理的工作。 ②We should try our best to attend on our parents, and make them happy in their later years.我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母并使他们晚年幸福。 ③It began when a teacher suggested I ________________the basketball team. (2011·北京卷完形填空)
这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。 答案 ③try out for
[句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.齐白石的绘画作品常给观赏者留出运用想象力解读其内涵的余地。
在leave the audience guessing中，leave之后接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，guessing是现在分词作宾语补足语。此结构常称为“leave的复合结构”。此结构含有“听任在某处、使保持某一状态”之意。 ①He got off the bus hurriedly, leaving his umbrella on the bus.他匆匆忙忙地下了公交车，将雨伞落在了车上。 ②The bad weather left the project half finished.
糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。 ③Jack's humour in his speech left the audience___________.
杰克在演说中的风趣幽默让听众一直大笑不止。 ④They killed the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies ________.
他们把野牛杀死，剥了皮，丢下尸体任其腐烂。 答案 ③laughing all the time ④to rot (教材原句)To emphasise the woman even more, Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.为了进一步突出这位女子，陈逸飞在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入了很多细节，并选择黑色作为女子的背景颜色。
to emphasise the woman even more为动词不定式作目的状语，修饰谓语adds。动词不定式作状语时常用来表示谓语动词的目的。
(1)在动词不定式前加上in order (to), so as (to)等用以表示目的，其区别在于in order to可以位于句首或句中，so as to不能置于句首。 ①In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
为了保暖，我们把所有窗户都关上了。 ②I hurried through my work ________________ be in time for the wonderful TV programmes.我匆匆忙忙地忙完这项工作以便能够赶上精彩的电视节目。 (2)动词不定式还可以作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果。常与only, just等词连用，表示结果。 ③Mr.Green and his wife hurried to the station__________that the train had left.
格林先生和他的妻子匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已开走了。 答案 ②so as to/in order to/to ③only to be told 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．homemade adj. 家庭制作的，自制的 2．material n.
物质 3．credit n.
信用卡 4．email n.
电子邮件 5．complaint n.
抱怨 ·必考话题6 购物 6．recreation n.
消遣 7．exchange v.
交换 8．as for
至于，对于 9．instead of
而不是 10．shop online
网上购物 提分句型 1．With the help of the computer，it will be possible for humans to work at home.
在电脑的帮助下，人们在家办公是件可行的事。 2．Personally，I don't like shopping online because we may be cheated online.
就我个人而言，我不喜欢网上购物，因为有可能受骗。 3．One annoying aspect of your service is your unfriendly attitude toward customers.你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是对待顾客的态度不友好。 4．Pleased with your service for years，now I feel very disappointed.虽然多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。 5．We are now living in an information age，in which web is widely used.我们现在生活在信息时代，在这个时代网络被广泛的使用。
[美 文 赏 析] 素材示例 (2016·新课标卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括：
(1)外观(尺寸、颜色、材料)；(2)象征意义；(3)价格。
注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头语已为你写好。 Dear Tom，
How are you doing__________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Li Hua Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days？I'm writing to ask if you can help me sell some homemade Chinese knots.I made them during my spare time with red silk threads and other materials，which stand for good luck and a happy life.
They are about eight inches both in length and width and have a beautiful diamond shape，making it convenient for people to take①.
佳作播报
People will present Chinese knots to friends.What's more②，people use them to decorate their houses and
make their houses full of good luck③.As for its price，which we all can afford，they are about 5 dollars each. I'm ready to answer any questions you might have with the knots.
Thank you! Li Hua 1．...making it convenient for people to take.是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[模拟] The car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.
这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，结果晚点了。 2．What's more而且，在句中作状语。
[模拟] He enjoyed the meal and what's more he ate it up.他喜欢那顿饭，而且把它全吃光了。 3．...make their houses full of good luck.此句使用了：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语的结构。
[模拟] The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨让我们无法出去。
Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(vt.)毁坏，毁灭→________(pl.)废墟 2．________(adj.)典型的→________(adv.)典型地 3．________(n.)想像；想像力→________(vt.)想像→________adj.富有想像力的 4．________(n.)痛苦；疼，痛→________(adj.)痛苦的，疼痛的→________adv.痛苦地 5．________(n.)展览会→________(vt.)展览，显示 6．________(n.)诗(总称)→________(n.)诗→________(n.)诗人 7．________(adj.)贵重的，有价值的→________(n.&vt.)价值；评价 8．________(adv.)优雅地→________(adj.)优雅的，高雅的 9．________(n.)细节，详情→________(adj.) 详细的 10．________(adj.)宗教的，虔诚的→________(n.)宗教；宗教信仰 11．________(n.)(书写或印刷的)字，字体→________(adj.)典型的，特有的 12．________(vt.)把……与……联系起来→________(adj.)有联系的；相关的→________(n.)关系；联系 13．________(n.)慈悲，怜悯，同情心→________(adj.)仁慈的；宽容的 14．________(vi.)洗澡；沐浴→________(n.)洗澡；沐浴 15．________(adj.)狭窄的→________(adv.)狭窄地 16．________(n.)结论；结束→________(vt.)结束；推断 答案 1.ruin；ruins 2.typical；typically 3.imagination；imagine；imaginative 4.pain；painful；painfully 5.exhibition；exhibit 6.poetry；poem；poet 7.valuable；value 8．elegantly；elegant 9.detail；detailed 10.religious；religion 11.character；characteristic 12.relate；related；relation 13.mercy；merciful 14.bathe；bath 15.narrow；narrowly 16.conclusion；conclude The artist often emphasises the value of imagination.At an exhibition，I see some abstract works.It's said that their typical features are designed on purpose.I can't understand the details and even the characters on them. ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．注视，凝视 ________________ 2．有几分地
________________ 3．追溯(到)
________________ 4．高速
________________ 5．把……与……联系起来
________________ 6．试用，试验
________________ 7．屏住呼吸
________________ 8．be deep/lost in thought
________________ 9．add...to
________________ 10．so far
________________ 11．cross out
________________ 12．in the shape of
________________ 13．be used for
________________ 14．be used as
________________ 15．put on
________________ 答案 1.fix one's eyes on 2.sort of 3.date back (to) 4．at high speed 5.relate to 6.try out 7.hold one's breath 8.陷入沉思 9.增添，增加 10.到目前为止 11.画掉，删掉 12.以……的形状 13.做……用 14．把……用作 15.上演；穿上 ①I became a member of the company dating back to 1925. ②Bill was sitting in class, but he fixed his eyes on the flowers outside. ③The boy lay under the bed, holding his breath in case his enemies in the game found him. ④We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our interests. ⑤Mr Black likes trying out his new ideas to invent some useful tools. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.
齐白石的绘画风格常常给观赏者留出运用想像力解读某内涵的余地。
[解读]leave＋宾语＋doing...让某人/某物处于某种状态
[模拟]The tsunami after the earthquake in Japan__________ (让那座城市成为一片废墟)。 2．To emphasise the woman even more, Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.
为了进一步突出这位女子，陈逸飞在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入了很多细节，并选择黑色作为女子的背景颜色。
[解读]不定式作目的状语
[模拟]________________(为了及时赶上) The Voice of China I hurried back home without finishing the work. 3．But the house on Mango Street is not the way they described it at all.
但是芒果街上的房子根本不是他们所描述的那样。
[解读]the way＋定语从句
[模拟]I like the ________________________(我们英语老师上课的方式)． 答案 1.left the city lying in ruins 2.To be in time for 3．way (in which/that) our English teacher gives his lessons Ⅳ.必背句法——介词和定语从句(Ⅰ) 用适当的介词或关系词填空 1．He invited me to a dance after the show ________ Christmas Eve. 2．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 3．That's the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen. 4.Those ________ want to go to the computer room write your name here. 5．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault. 答案 1.on 2.from 3.whose 4.who 5.that ①Her pronunciation is________________perfect.
她的发音远不是完美的。 ②The water in the river rose________________.
河水上涨了两米。 ③The girls________________are always complaining about the pay.他雇用的女孩子们老是抱怨工资低。 ④Do you know the boy________________？
你认识他妈妈是位老师的那个男孩吗？ 答案 ①far from ②by two metres ③(who/that/whom) he employs ④whose mother is a teacher ——条分缕析，步步为营
[词 汇 精 解] pain n．痛苦，疼，痛；劳苦，努力(常用复数)
(教材原句)They show violence and pain.
它们体现了暴力与痛苦。
(1)(be) in pain
疼痛，在苦恼中
have a pain in the leg/back etc.腿/背等疼
(2)spare no pains (to do sth) 不遗余力，全力以赴(做某事)
take pains (to do sth)
尽力，费事，下功夫(做某事) ①He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.(2016·广东卷，A)
通过想象自己拥有超能力的方式让自己战胜了好几次手术及苦难。 ②Kobe has a pain in the back, which makes him painful.卡比背疼，这让他很痛苦。 ③If you want to make great progress in your English, you should________________.如果你想在英语方面取得大进步，你就得全力以赴。 答案 ③spare no pains typical adj.典型的，有代表性的
(教材原句)The painting, named Poppy，is a typical example of Chen's style.
这幅名为《罂粟》的画是陈逸飞艺术风格的典型代表。
(1)be typical of
典型的，表现为……的特征
It is typical of sb to do... 某人一向做……
(2)typically adv.
典型地；具有代表性地 ①This poem________________the Romantic period.
这首诗具有浪漫主义时期的特点。 ②________________to be merciless.
他一向冷酷无情。 答案 ①is typical of ②It was typical of him ruin vt.毁坏，毁灭；使破产
n．毁灭，毁坏；废墟，遗址(常用复数)
(教材原句)The castle was in ruins for 200 years until it was rebuilt in 1932.
这座城堡被毁坏了200年直到1932年重新建造。
(1)ruin oneself
自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame
毁坏某人的健康/名誉
(2)in ruins
毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
bring sb to ruin
使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产
fall/go/come into/to ruin 毁灭；败落 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关
leave复合结构的构成：
leave＋宾语＋