2016届高考英语临考冲刺高分之路：主旨大意

　　本类考题解答锦囊

　　一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是资讯报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。主题句一般具有三个特点：

　　1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。

　　2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。

　　3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。

　　理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：

　　1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。

　　2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。

　　3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。

　　屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。

　　5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。对于无主题句的文段，不可能采用辩论主题句的方法来获取其主题思想。而应正确理解作者提供的所有细节，包括事实、观点和事件，在大脑中形成初步印象。然后发挥自己的逻辑概括能力，概括作者提供的事实、观点和事件，综合归纳成一般概念。这种概念不一定能达到主题句那样完整，但只要切合文段的主题即可。

　　这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析、归纳文章的段落大意、重要睛节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求学生把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。在运用多项选择法考查学生这方面的阅读理解能力时，对大多数短文(段落)的主题(subject)，中心思想(mabidea)，标题(titlle)或作者的写作目的(pUI'[X)se)加以拟题。拟题大致有以下固定的提问方式：

　　1．Thesubiectoftheparagraph(passage)is______.

　　2．The paragraph(passage)deals with______.

　　3．What topic iS treated in this paragraph(passage)?

　　4. The main idea of the paragraph(passage)is

　　5. From the paragraph(passage)we know that

　　6. The paragraph (passage)could be entitled

　　7. Which of the following is the best title for the paragraph(passage)?

　　8. What is the author's main pupose?

　　凡遇到这样的一些问题,我们都应从理解主题思想去考虑答案是哪一个。

　　Ⅰ

　　高考最新热门题

　　1.(典型例题季卷)

　　A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man--the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or in- dustry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the com- mon laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.

　　This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American lif~ One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the near- by bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

　　1. From Paragraph 1 , we can know that in America

　　A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self--made man

　　B. people can always rise to the top through their own efforts

　　C. college professors win great respect from common workers

　　D. people feel painful to mention their fathers as laborers

　　2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because

　　A. servants in America are hard to get

　　B. she takes pride in what she can do herself

　　C. she can hardly afford servants

　　D. it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food

　　3. The expression "wait on table" in the second paragraph means

　　A. work in a furniture shop

　　B. keep accounts for a bar

　　C. wait to lay the table

　　D. serve customers in a restaurant

　　4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?

　　A. A Respectable Self--made Family

　　B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor

　　C. Characteristics of American Culture

　　D. The Development of Manual Labo

　　命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的是考查考生概括主题的能力。做这类题的决窍就是找主题句。本文共两段，主题句为每段的第一句话。找出主题句，就不难抓住本文的主题思想。

　　【解 析】

　　本文介绍了美国人民在生活中尊重通过自己的勤奋劳动而获得成功的人这样一种文化。

　　【答 案】

　　1．A这是一道段落主旨题。从第一段内容可知整段都围绕第一句话展开，因而第一句话是这一段的主题句，说明在美国手工工人很受尊敬。

　　2．B

　　本题为细节题。第二段倒数第四句说女主人自已做饭的原因是她们为自己能动手做饭而感到骄傲。

　　3．D

　　猜测词义题。根据sswashdishesfOrhis 1iving"可推测出wait。ntable的意思“在饭店当招待员”。

　　4．B

　　本题是主旨题。这篇短文主要讲述美国人对手工劳动的态度。

　　2.(典型例题

　　If there is no difference in general intelligence (智力) between boys and girls, what can explain girls' poor performance in science and mathematics?

　　It seems to be that their treatment at school is a directcause. Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them. Interestingly, both boys and girls often re- gard the subjects for boys as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses, not be- cause they are difficult, but for social reasons.

　　Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的) and attractive.

　　However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses, there are still more high- achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be world-wide.

　　Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.

　　Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding (杰出的) mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.

　　Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls.

　　They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and toallow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently.

　　All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence(信心) that they are able to succeed.

　　Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.

　　1. Girls are likely to think that___________.

　　A. science courses are for both boys and girls

　　B. science courses make them more popular

　　C. science courses make them successful

　　D. science courses are difficult for them

　　2. The text mainly discusses ______ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements.

　　A. biological

　　B. historical

　　C. social

　　D. personal

　　3. What are boys usually encouraged to do at school?

　　A. To get help with their homework.

　　B. To play the leading role in class.

　　C. To work with girl students in class.

　　D. To learn to take care of others.

　　4. What does the passage say about great mathematicians?

　　A. Their teachers did not supply answers to them.

　　B. They started learning mathematics at an earlier age.

　　C.

　　They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage

　　years.

　　D. Their success resulted from their strong interest in math ematics.

　　5. The author would probably agree that ______.

　　A. boys and girls learn in the same way

　　B. boys and girls are equal in general intelligence

　　C. girls are more confident in themselves than before

　　D. girls should take fewer science courses than boys

　　【解 析】

　　本文是议论文，主要分析了男孩跟女孩在数学学习方面差异形成的原因。

　　【答案】 F

　　1．D

　　要求考生根据细节进行推断。文章第二段中第三句话说明女孩们不愿选修这些理科课程，似乎认为这些很难。

　　2．C

　　考查概括主旨大意的能力。文章第三段虽提到了 biological reason，但这并不是作者要强调的。“Biological explanations have been offered for this，but there are other explanations too．”再看全文。作者主要探讨的学校教育，甚至学前教育所造成的影响，属于social reasons．

　　3．B

　　这是一道细节理解题。文章第五段在讨论学校教育时说“They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to alloW them to take the lead in classroom discussion”，意思就是说在班里起带头作用。

　　4．A

　　考查对文章细节的理解能力。第四段提到男女生的差异可能源于他们在幼儿园受到的教育。对大数学家的调查提到“Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers"。

　　5．B

　　考查对作者观点的理解。文章第一句话说“Ⅱthere is no diference in general intelligence between boys and grls．．．”，表明作者承认男女之间智力并无大的差异，导致他们后天在理科方面的差距的直接原因不是智力，而是学校教育。之后作者不再提智力方面的差异，说明作者承认这个前提。

　　由上面两个例题我们可以看出，文章的中心思想或主旨大意一定带有综合概括性。

　　Passage1 (典型例题

　　It was a warm April day when a big fat envelope came in themail from theonlycOllege I had ever iiliagined attending． I to reopen the packet．

　　My eyes were nxed on the word“congratulations”l don't remember ever smiling so Wide．

　　Then I l00ked at my financial(财政)package.

　　Thecost of Dream School’s tuition(学费)，room and board was around(40，000

　　an impossible sum!How conld I afford

　　to attend?What good reasons did

　　I have to go there when three other

　　fine

　　colleges

　　were offering

　　me

　　free

　　tuittion? My other choices were good，

　　solid schools even if they weren't as famous as my first choice．

　　In my mind，attending my dream university Would be the only way to realize my dream of becoming a world--class writer. My parents understood how I felt. They told me that even though it would be a financial problem, I could go wherever I would be happiest. But as I was always careful with money, I wasn't sure what to do.

　　One of the schools that offered me a full ride had an informational dinner one night in the spring.

　　Considering my parents'financial difficulties, I decided to drive the 45 minutes and attend. At first, all I had planned to do was to smile politely, eat free food, listen quietly. But I surprised myself.

　　At dinner the president of the university talked about the wonderful activities on campus (校园) including guest lectures and social gatherings. He also made it perfectly clear that free food would be offered at all future events. He continued with explanations of professors, class sizes, activities, and sporting events on campus.

　　As he spoke, I began to realize that this school, though not as good as my first choice, might be the best one for me.

　　It seemed small yet with many great programs. It seemed challenging yet caring.

　　As the president ended his speech, we clapped politely and pushed back our chairs. As I walked out of that door, a feeling of comfort washed over me. Looking at the campus that night, I realized that I would be spending the next four years right there.

　　In all honesty, my university is not as well--known as my "dream" university.

　　However, it turned out to be the right choice of schools for me.

　　1. How did the author feel when he started to read the letter?

　　A. He was full of joy.

　　B. He was lost in his dream.

　　C. He was worried about the money.

　　D. He was uncertain which school to go to.

　　答案:

　　2. We

　　can

　　learn

　　from

　　the

　　passage

　　that

　　the

　　parents

　　were__________.

　　A. honest

　　B. strict

　　C. supportive

　　D. decisive

　　答案:

　　understood how I felt．They told me that even though it

　　would bea financial problem，I could go wherever I would behappiest．可判断出作者的家长对他很支持。

　　3. In Paragraph 5, "offered me a full ride" can be replaced

　　by__________.

　　A. would pay for transport to the school

　　B. would show me around the campus

　　C. would offer free meals at all events

　　D. would charge me nothing for tuition

　　答案:

　　4. What does the author mainly want to say?

　　A. Your second-choice college may actually be your best fit.__________

　　B. You should consider comfort in your choice of schools.

　　C. You should try your best to attend your dream school.

　　D. Your choice of schools should be based on their fame.

　　答案:

　　Passage 2(典型例题)

　　A teacher of English as a second language is the 20典型例题her of the Year in the United States. Kathy Mellor of Rhode Island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education. President Bush and his wife. Eaura. honored her during a ceremony (仪式) at the White House last week.

　　For the past nineteen years. Kathy Melior has taught English as a second language at Davisville Middle School in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, in the northeastern United States. She redesigned the program for E. S. L. students at her school to provide each student with one to three periods per day in classes for English learners.

　　How much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening, speak- lng, reading and writing. The amount of time they spend in these classes is reduced as their level of English increases.

　　A teacher describes tfiis as the most successful E. S. L.

　　program in North Kingstown. She also praises Kathy Melior for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages. This improved their ability to help their children.

　　Kathy Melior earned a master's degree in education from Rhode Island College. She studied teaching English as a second language.

　　She was chosen for the national honor of Teacher of the Year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states. As Teacher of the Year, Kathy Melior will travel around the United States and to other countries. She will talk about the impor- tance of education and the work of teachers.

　　1. This passage is mainly about__________.

　　A. Teacher of the Year 20典型例题he United States

　　B. Ms Mellor's English teaching instruction

　　C. Ms Mellor's teaching skills of learning English

　　D. praises to Ms Melior from other teachers

　　答案:

　　2. What does" E. S. L. "in the passage stand for?

　　A. English study learners.

　　B. English speaking and listening.

　　C. English special learners.

　　D. English as a second language.

　　答案:

　　3. From this passage we can learn that__________

　　A. middle school teachers from each state are honored Teachers of the Year

　　B.

　　middle

　　school

　　teachers

　　in

　　the USA

　　have

　　to

　　get master's degrees

　　C. Ms Mellor's students have no problems in learning Engish

　　D. the American government pays much attention to education Passage

　　答案:

　　3 (典型例题 Central Park

　　Outside among the trees, watch the wildlife--both the human and animal varieties. Call (212) 360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from 59th to ll0th $ts ,and from 5th Ave. toCentral Park West.

　　Empire State Building

　　This is among the most striking buildings in the city. thenation, even the world. The observation deck (ffi~[~) on the 86th floor is open to the general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you'll find the New York Skyride, a simulated(模拟的) helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. ,Midlown/(212) 736-3100.Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum

　　Five blocks west of Time Square,

　　this museum has hundreds of air, deep-sea and space exhibits. Walk the flight deck of the 900-foot-long aircraft carrier Intrepid, see dozens of old and modem aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86, W.

　　46th St.'and 12th Ave./ (212) 245-0072.

　　Madison Square Garden

　　If it's big, it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events, concerts and much more. Tours are available. 7th Ave. , btam. 31st and 33rd Sts.

　　,Midtown/(212) 465-6 741.

　　1. The New York Skyride is for __________.

　　A. sight-seeing

　　B. flight training

　　C. model plane sports

　　D. city transportation

　　答案:

　　2. If a visitor is interested in music, he will probably go to__________.

　　A. Central Park

　　B. Empire State Building

　　C. Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum

　　D. Madison Square Garden

　　答案:

　　3. What is the purpose of these texts?

　　A. To provide information of living in New York.

　　B. To provide directions of city traffic in New York.

　　C. To give visitors a guide to New York.

　　D. To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.

　　答案:

　　Passage 4(典型例题)

　　Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative tums out to be an advantage on the job. Though he is only 18 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigk is among the top computer technicians and programmers at Intelidata Technologies Corp.

　　, a large software company with several offices across the United States. "After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving us crazy," recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. "We couldn't even send E-mail to each other." In three weeks Mr. Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks. "None of the company's 350 other employees could have done the job in three months" , says Mr. Braun. "Suleyman can'see' into the heart of the computer."

　　Mr. Gokyigit's gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine. "The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do," says Mr. Gokyigit.

　　The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch.

　　Mitzi Nowakows-ki, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. "Through feel, Suleyman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight,' he says.

　　Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer. When typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer(合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over keyboard. "Nothing seems to shake his attention,' says Mrs. Nowa-kowski, his boss.

　　Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available (可找到的) 24 hours a day. "We consider him our top problem solver," says Mr. Braun.

　　1. According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman

　　A. can work wonders on computer

　　B. is the best technician in the world

　　C. has done a hard job in three months

　　D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp.

　　with another

　　computer company.

　　答案:

　　2. The underlined part "is at home with hardware" (Paragraph4) means_________.

　　A. is good at dealing with computer hardware

　　B. is fond of computer hardware

　　C. works with computer hardware at home

　　D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware

　　答案:

　　3. Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of

　　A. his blindness

　　B. his attention on the synthesizer

　　C. his long, thin fingers

　　D. his ability not to be interrupted

　　答案:

　　4. What does the text mainly tell us?

　　A. Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted.

　　B. One's disadvantages may prove to be advantages.

　　C. The disabled can also play an important role in society.

　　D. Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers.

　　答案:

　　Passage 5 (典型例题)

　　The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.

　　On 17 July, a piece four kilometres wide enters the Earth's

　　atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South

　　Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometre

　　high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an

　　hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and mil lions of people are drowned.

　　Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of

　　the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north

　　into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of lob Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by, clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive.

　　Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 mil- lion years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?

　　1. What is mainly described in the passage？

　　A. A historic discovery

　　B. An event of imagination

　　C. A research on space.

　　D. A scientific adventure

　　答案:

　　2. When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes_________.

　　A. an earthquake

　　B. damages to cities

　　C. an Earth explosion

　　D. huge waves

　　答案:

　　3. Why can't the northern half of the' earth escape for long?

　　A. Because the land is covered with water.

　　B. Because the light and heat from the sun cannot reach the earth.

　　C. Because people there cannot live at the temperature of zero.

　　D. Because wars break out among countries.

　　答案:

　　4. By giving the example of dinosaurs the author tries to prove_________.

　　A. animals could not live in the cold climate

　　B. what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story

　　C. the human beings will die out in 2094

　　D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space Passage

　　答案:

　　1.( 典型例题卷)

　　Mountain lions live in mountainous areas of the western United States.

　　Lately, however, people have reported seeing them in quiet neighborhoods all across the country! Usually considered shy and seldom seen, these lions are becoming more noticeable. In addition, the lions appear to be moving east. They were even reported in the suburbs(郊区)of Boston, Philadelphis, and Chicago.

　　It seems certain that these " kings of the mountains"are moving. Why? Scientists are not sure. Some think that as the mountain lion population increases the west, younger wild cats are leaving the area. These cats are searching for new homes and new places for food.

　　"The young males are looking for new homes, "says Lynn Sadler, who is the director of the Mountain Lion Foundation in Sacramento,Calif. "People tend to create to many barriers(障碍), such as buidings, fences, roads, and noise. As the mountain lions seek new places and food and water sources'(水源), these barriers get in their way."

　　The sightings have made people increasingly watchful. Sometimes the"mountain lions"that people report seeing turn out to be large dogs or even house cats. But at least a few of the meetings have been real. The building of new roads, the growing of suburbs and the growing popularity of outdoor activities are all increasing the chances that people in various parts of the country may meet up with a mountain lion.

　　Because many people are concerned, about the reappearance of the American lion, an expert outlined some ways they can a- void attracting the wild cats: Never leave pets or pet food outsider properly cvare for farm animals; and plan public land use to enable the lions to move safely from one place to another.

　　"To be fair, "says the expert. "mountain lions are trying to regain their homes. They were here first. Now we need to find ways we can live together."

　　1. Mountain lions are moving probably because_________.

　　A. the suburbs o[ big cities are peaceful and quiet

　　B. more roads are being built into the mountains

　　C. the number of the lions increases in the west

　　D. young lions are seeking new partners

　　2. According to the passage,it is clear that_________.

　　A. the reported

　　sightings of mountain lions

　　have not

　　been proved

　　B. people walking in the country may come across a lion

　　C. fences have been built to protect the ions

　　D. mountain lions prefer populated areas

　　3. To avoid attracting rnotuntain lions, People are advised_________.

　　A. to build more roads for the lions to move safely

　　B. to keep a close watch on their [arm animals

　　C. not to stay outdoors

　　D. not to raise pets

　　4. Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Mountain Lions in Unlikely Passage?

　　B. Measures Taken to Avoid Lions

　　C. Number of Sightings Going Up

　　D. Mountain Lions Moving West

　　命题目的与解题技巧；本文的命题目的是考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，而本井无明显主题句。做这类题的技巧是：正确理解作者所提供的细节，运用自己的逻辑概括能力。综合归纳主题。

　　解析：

　　本文主要讲美国西部的狮子被人们在全国各地发现。据科学家估计是因为狮子数量不断增加，新的雄狮欲寻新的安身之所。

　　答案：

　　1．C

　　细节题。从第二段的第三句话“Some think that as the mountain lion populat ionicreases in the west，younger wild cats are leaving the area．．．searching for new homes and new places for food”可直接选出答案。

　　2．B

　　细节题。由第一段第二句“．一people have reported seeing them in quiet neighbrhoods all across the country”和第四段第四句“The buiding of new roads，the．．．may meet up with a mountin lion"可知目前狮子在美国到外可见

　　3．B

　　细节判断题。第五段专家建议中的第二点properly care for farm animals与B项同义，而A项中的建更多的roads文中未提及，文中只提到了public land；C、D两项文中提及。

　　4．A

　　主旨大意题。本文主要讲山狮从山里游移到全国各地，有时来到它们不该来的农户、新建公路等，一切都表明它们来到原来不可能的地方。

　　Passage1(典型例题

　　Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson River must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west rising up to a noble height and towering over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown of glory(华丽的皇冠).

　　At the foot of these mountains, a traveler may see light smoke going up from a village, In that village, and in one of the houses (which, to tell the exact truth, was sadly timeworn and weather-beaten), there lived many years ago, a simple, good-natured fellow by the name of Rip Van Winkle.

　　Rip's great weakness was a natural dislike of all kinds of money-making labor. It could not be from lack of diligence (勤劳) ,for he could sit all day on a wet rock and fish without say- lng a word, even though he was not encouraged by a single bite. He would carry a gun on his shoulder for hours, walking through woods and fields to shoot a few birds or squirrels. He would never refuse to help a neighbor, even in the roughest work. The women of the village, too, used to employ him to do such little jobs as their less helpful husbands would not do for them. In a word. Rip was ready to attend to everybody's business but his own.

　　If left to himself, he would have whistled (吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction~ but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness (懒散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house

　　the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.

　　1. Which of the

　　following

　　best

　　describes

　　the Catskill Mountains?

　　A. They are on the west of the Hudson River.

　　B. They are very high and beautiful in this area.

　　C. They can be seen from the Appalachian family.

　　D. They gather beautiful clouds in blue and purple.

　　答案:答案:答案:答案:答案:答案:答案:assage 4(典型例题海卷)

　　Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa's government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.

　　Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证).

　　Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.

　　Many of those harriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.

　　Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever be- fore. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The harriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.

　　1. The examples in Paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that______.

　　A. people have been allowed to travel freely within the country

　　B. people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons

　　C. travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas

　　D. customs posts are .necessary at the borders of the countries

　　答案:答案:答案:o easy too ver come．可推断出人为造成的障碍要比天然障碍难以克服。

　　4. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?

　　A. Barriers Made by People

　　B. Functions of Communication

　　C. Restrictions on Transportation

　　答案:答案: of your thinking processes．Other　wise，you might becontrolled by the ideas of others”可知B正确。

　　2. If you are a critical thinker, you will______.

　　A. think deeply about different ideas

　　B. trust the reports in die newspapers

　　C. take one view against another view

　　D. criticize other people for their mistakes

　　答案:ing about different ideas，characters，and facts，you are acriticaithinker"，可知A正确。

　　3. In the last paragraph," something new "suggests that______.

　　A. the smarter you are, the faster you do things

　　B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become

　　C. speed can improve intelligence

　　D. intelligence is not decided by speed

　　答案:o slowly．Idon't understand things quickly"可知Something new暗示“that intelligence is not decided by speed”，所以D正确。

　　4. What would be the best tide for the passage?

　　A. Thinking and Critical Thinking

　　B. Understanding Critical Thinking

　　C. Thinking Natural and Human

　　D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence

　　答案:答案:答案:答案:logan Brand

　　Obey your thirst. Volkswagen

　　If anyone can, Canon can. Eastern Airlines

　　The wings of man. Casio Watches

　　Drives wanted. Jobworld.Co. uk

　　Technology for life Sprite

　　Download a better future. Canon

　　B.

　　Slogan Brand

　　Obey your thirst. Canon

　　If anyone can, Canon can. Volkswagen

　　The wings of man. Eastern Airlines

　　Drives wanted. Casio Watches

　　Technology for life Jobworld.Co. uk

　　Download a better future. Sprite

　　C.

　　Slogan Brand

　　Obey your thirst. Casio Watches

　　If anyone can, Canon can. Eastern Airlines

　　The wings of man. Canon

　　Drives wanted. Sprite

　　Technology for life Jobworld.Co. uk

　　Download a better future. Volkswagen

　　D.

　　Slogan Brand

　　Obey your thirst. Sprite

　　If anyone can, Canon can. Canon

　　The wings of man. Eastern Airlines

　　Drives wanted. Volkswagen

　　Technology for life Casio Watches

　　Download a better future. Jobworld.Co. uk

　　答案：D

　　指导：由文章的第二段第二句话知：广告词可以使顾客知道产品的优点是什么以及产品的特性，好的广告词可以给顾客留下深刻的印象。由此判断D选项中广告词均表达出所宣传晶牌的特点。

　　Passage 2

　　A few months ago, millions of people in London heard alarms all over the town. The Emergency Services, the Fire Departments, the Police, hospitals, and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. In railway underground stations, people read notices and maps that told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. This was Exercise Flood Call, to prepare people for a flood emergency. London wasn't flooded. In 1928, people living in Westminster, the heart of London, drowned in floods. And in 1953, one hundred people, living on the eastem edge of the London suburbs were killed, again, in the floods. At last, Greater London Council took actions to prevent this disaster from happening again.

　　Though a flood wall was built in the 1960s, Londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster. If it happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. Electricity, gas and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be drowned. It will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between north and south London. Imagine: London will look like the famous Italian city, Venice. But this Exercise Flood Call didn't cause panic among Londoners. Most people knew it was just a warning. One lady said, "It's a flood warning, isn't it. ? The water doesn't look high to me."

　　1. What topic is treated in this passage?

　　A. Possible Damages Caused by Floods

　　B. Emergency Exercise in London

　　C. Flood Emergency in London

　　D. London Floods in History

　　答案:

　　2. What measure was taken against floods in London in the 1960s?

　　A. 50 underground stations were made waterproof.

　　B. Rescue teams were formed.

　　C. An alarm system was set up.

　　D. A flood wall was built.

　　答案:

　　3. The purpose of the Exercise Flood Call is to ______.

　　A. train the civil service for the flood

　　B. prevent the flood from happening

　　C. fill people in London with alarm

　　D. prepare people against floods

　　答案:

　　4. The author quotes (引述) 3the woman to ______.

　　A. describe how frightened most of the Londoners were

　　B. argue that it's impossible to prevent floods in London

　　C. show that most Londoners took Exercise Flood Call calmly

　　D. prove that the Exercise Flood Call did cause a lot of trouble to Londoners

　　答案:

　　Passage 3

　　Doodles are signs which you draw unconsciously when you are holding a pen in your hand and just happen to start writing aimlessly. However, there is more to these" diagrams (图形) of the unconscious" than what you see. Free from the restriction of the conscious mind, they can be useful in finding your character and personality, and many of your secret hopes, ambitions, fears, and dreams.

　　Faces are a sign of sociability or lack of it. If you doodle happy, smiling faces, you have a friendly, out-going disposition which people respond to, and you enjoy an active social life If your faces are bad, this may mean hating others. Faces

　　looking to the right are a sign of out-going personality and confident expectation about the future, to the left, a sign of shyness and self-control.

　　Bare or narrow trees show a lack of warmth. You've probably been disappointed in life or could even be suffering from a minor illness that needs attention.

　　If you build a house in layers (层), each layer separate,

　　you could be too proud, too eager to make your loved ones folow your order and jump to attention. A little untidiness in a

　　house makes the people feel comfortable, safe and happy.

　　If your doodle looks like a web, you are making a cry for help in solving a problem. You feel trapped, and are seeking a way out　 perhaps you even want to travel, try out new ideas and realize your ambitions. But you lack confidence to step out into the world on your own because of the web you've created around you.

　　1. One can probably have the wish to be ______if he doodles a building with unconnected storeys.

　　A. a leader

　　B. a self-controlled person

　　C. a shy person

　　D. an attentive person

　　答案:

　　2. If you doodle a face, you may do any of the following EX-CEPT.

　　A. lead an active life

　　B. lead an inactive life

　　C. want to get on well with others

　　D. be in charge of others

　　答案:

　　3. What does the underlined word "doodle" mean in Paragraph2?

　　A. to draw without realizing what one is drawing

　　B. to draw carefully and attentively what one likes drawing

　　C. to write different things without certain limits

　　D. to write at home, mainly on the wall

　　答案:

　　4. What is the possible best title of the passage?

　　A. Don't doodle, or you'll not be able to keep secret.

　　B. Recognize yourself with the help of doodles.

　　C. Doodling, an unpopular habit.

　　D. Doodling may cause untidiness.

　　答案:

　　Passage 4

　　For her first twenty-four year, she'd been known as Deb bie--a name that didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner. "My name has always made me think I should Be a cheer leader," She complained. "I just don't feel like a Debbie!"

　　One day, while filling out an application form for publishing job, the young woman suddenly changed middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. "That was the smartest

　　thing I ever did," She says now. "As soon as I stopped calling myself Debbie. I feh more comfortable with myself.., and other people started to take me more seriously". Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor friends and associates call her Lynne.

　　Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/I.ynne's professional achievement but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence (自信) to her talents. Social scientists say

　　that what you're called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not only identified people But also described them. "... As his name is, so is he..." says the Bible. For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserves, simpleness or charm may be suggested by your name and encourageother people before they even meet you.

　　Of course, names with a good sense can work for you even encouraging new acquaintances. A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive to men.

　　One woman I know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because "he sounded dull". Several evenings later she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very nice man with whom they looked at each other all evening. "Oh, 'I said. "You mean Harry? "She was ill at ease.

　　1. Debbie's changing her name______.

　　A. had actually little to do with her career

　　B. was what she happened to do when filling out the form

　　C. did have an effect on her success

　　D. entirely contributed to her luck

　　答案:

　　2. The author introduced Harry to the woman______.

　　A. at the request of the woman herself

　　B. to tell her that names didn't matter really

　　C. to make her feel uneasy in mind

　　D. the person is more important than his/her name

　　答案:

　　3. The name Debbie may be connected with something______.

　　A. huge

　　B. quiet

　　C. dull

　　D. attractive

　　答案:

　　4. The best possible tide for the passage may be______

　　A. Names are the most important

　　B. Your name is your fortune

　　C. Don't care much for names

　　D. Names and making friends

　　答案:

　　Passage 5

　　Yang Yongfang used to take the bus to work. But, these days, when she takes a look at the bus, all she sees is "a big box full of people, all breathing in there. It seems very unsafe."

　　And that means SARS. So Yang got out her bicycle and dusted it off. Other Chinese who, until recently, appeared to be moving away from the old mode of transportation, seem to he back riding as well.

　　Of course, there's no shortage of bikes. There were plenty long before SARS showed up. But in recent years, private care have been growing in large numbers, crowding bicycles off the streets in some of the biggest cities. Now SARS has brought the bicycle traffic back. Crowded trains and buses look less attractive(吸引人的).

　　In Shanghai 120,000 more bicycles were registered (登记) in April, well above last year's monthly average of 50,000.

　　People's Daily recently reported that "bicycle" had suddenly become the third most frequently searched term on the nation's largest Web search engine.

　　However, if bike sales continue upward, it could become a nightmare (噩梦)for traffic planners, who had to contend with the often deadly clash between bikes and motorized vehicles. Shanghai officially sees nearly one traffic-related bicycle death a day, a figure that many people here say is probably an understatement (少报).

　　1. Before SARS broke out, Yang Yongfang______.

　　A. was tired of going to work by car

　　B. went to work by bike

　　C. had already sold her bike

　　D. went to work by bus

　　答案:

　　2. More and more people in Shanghai are beginning to ride, because______.

　　A. riding a bike is much more convenient

　　B. riding a bike costs less than taking the bus

　　C. they care more about their health

　　D. the government has been encouraging them to do exercise

　　答案:

　　3. The writer of the passage______the phenomenon (现象)that bike sales continue upward.

　　A. is strongly against

　　B. is for

　　C. shows no opinion of

　　D. is worried about

　　答案:

　　4. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Bikes Sell Well in Shanghai.

　　B. The New Fashion.

　　C. Back to Nature.

　　D. Shanghai Takes on a New Look.

　　答案: