2016英语必考点逐个击破快速提分:考点妙解18 名词-查字典英语网
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2016英语必考点逐个击破快速提分:考点妙解18 名词

发布时间:2017-01-12  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  典型例题

  纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题,对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如:He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.),抽象名词具体化(如: WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!),区分可数名词和不可数名词,根据句意选择适当的名词,某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。

  一般来说名词主要考查:

  1.可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。

  2.可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。

  3.名词的所有格,包括’s所有格,…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。

  4.名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。

  5.名词的词义辨析。

  应试同分瓶颈

  纵观历年来高考对名词的考查,主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习,如:名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法,记忆、理解部分知识,并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识,把握重点、难点,认真审题,依据具体的语境进行分析判断。

  近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别,另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”,可数为“令人惊奇的事情”;shame不可数为“羞愧”,可数为“令人羞愧的事”,除此之外还有:honour,failure,success,pleasure,pity等。

  ◎命题点1

  名词的数

  ◎命题点2

  名词的所有格及名词作定语

  命题点1

  名词的数

  本类考题解答锦囊

  名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点:

  1.名词的可数性及其易错点。

  一般来说,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的,而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的,并不是绝对的。英语中有些名词往往既可以是可数的也可以是不可数的。

  A:Would you like a cake?要吃块蛋糕吗?

  B:NO,Idon't like cake.不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。

  以上第一句用acake,这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用 cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词。

  抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数),表示具有某种性质的人或事物:Success成功(不可数)→asuccess成功的人或事(可数);pleasure愉快(不可数)→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可数)。

  2.可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语。

  (1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有these,those,few,afew,many,agood(great)many,agreat (good)number of等。

  (2)修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有this,that,little,a littlt,a bit of ,much,a great deal of, a large amount of等。

  Ⅰ高考最新热门题

  1.(典型例题The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took__________pictures of them.

  A. many of

  B. masses of C. the number of

  D. a large amount of

  命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查表示“许多”的名词修饰语。

  【解 析】 many,masses of,a number of,a large amount of 都可以表示“许多的”“大量的”。其中,many,a number of修饰可数名词复数;a large amount of修饰不可数名词;masses of可用于可数、不可数名词前。A项多一个of;C项the number of指“……的数量”,与题意不符;D项不能修饰复数名词pictures.

  【答

  案】

  B

  2.(典型例题) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20

  pence off_______.

  A. a price

  B. price

  C. the price

  D. prices

  答案:

  3.(典型例题)--Brad was Jane's brotherDo you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.

  A. matter

  B. hope

  C. desire

  D. thought

  答案:

  2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.

  A. position

  B. situation

  C. state

  D. condition

  答案:

  3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口译员)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?

  A. performance

  B. achievement

  C. material

  D. words

  答案:

  4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion, there are_______that should be

  kept up.

  A. degrees

  B. levels

  C. limits

  D. standards

  答案:

  命题点2

  名词的所有格及名词作定语

  本类考题解答锦囊

  英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分’s所有格和of所有格两种形式。名词还可以作另外一个名词的定语。在做此类题时要注意以下几点:

  1.所有格的含义

  (1)表示所属:Tom'scar汤姆的小车

  (2)表示类别:awomen's c0llege女子学院

  (3)表示动作的执行者或承受者:

  theteacher'spraise老师的表扬

  children's education儿童教育

  2.双重所有格

  双重所有格构成有(1)名词+of+名词所有格。如:afriend。of my father's.(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:some friends of mine.它表示部分概念,。of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数词的限定词a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等。如:Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus.我哥哥的几个朋友将和我们一起去.

  3.名词作定语

  一个名词作另外一个名词的定语,如a coffee cup(不能说a coffee's cup),a shoe shop(不可说a shoe's shop或a shoes shop).

  Ⅰ

  高考最新热门题

  1.(典型例题) The village is far away from here indeed.

  It's_______walk.

  A. a four hour

  B. a four hour's

  C. a four-hours

  D. a four hours'

  命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查名词所有格作定语。

  【解 析】.所以答案为D.

  【答 案】

  D

  2.(典型例题季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.

  A. three-hour

  B. a three hour

  C. a three-hour

  D. three hours

  答案:

  3.(典型例题)The______ is just around the corner and

  you won't miss it.

  A. bicycle's shop

  B. bicycle shop

  C. bicycles shop

  D. bicycle's shop

  答案:B.

  4.(典型例题)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so her mother went to some ______stores.

  A. shoes; shoes

  B. shoes; shoe

  C. shoe; shoes

  D. shoe;shoe

  答案:

  Ⅱ题点经典类型题

  1.(典型例题测)If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.

  A. eighteen years

  B. at age of eighteen

  C. eighteen-year-old

  D. eighteen years of age

  命题目的与解题技巧:本题考查名词作主语。

  【解 析】注意年龄的几种表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 为合成定语形容词。

  【答 案】 D

  2.(典型例题测)His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us were quite surprised.

  A. out of practice

  B. out of place

  C. out of politeness

  D. out of pity

  答案:

  3(典型例题评)Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.

  A. cost

  B. food

  C. products

  D. production

  答案:

  4.(典型例题中)Is there a ______for rising prices?

  A. way

  B. cure

  C. medicine

  D. method

  答案:

  5.(典型例题联)Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people drink alcohol.

  A. temper

  B. mood

  C. pressures

  D. consciousness

  答案:

  Ⅲ

  新高考命题探究

  1.It's bad for a man to smoke in the public places

  where smoking is not allowed.

  A. behavior

  B. action

  C. manner

  D. movement

  答案:

  2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.

  A. measure

  B. attempt

  C. purpose

  D. desire

  答案:

  3.He had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.

  A. report

  B. thought

  C. idea

  D. news

  答案:

  4.The headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.

  A. thought

  B. thinking

  C. idea

  D. sense

  答案:

  探究性命题综合测试

  考场热身

  1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?

  --I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our______.

  A. mind

  B. point

  C. reach

  D. sight

  答案: of one's reach表示:无法达到的,力所不能及的,无法理解的;out of(one's)sight意为:看不见,在视野之外。

  2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?

  --______.

  A. Palmer's

  B. The Palmer

  C. The Palmers

  D. The Palmer

  答案:

  3.lf you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for my stationery.

  A. area

  B. place

  C. room

  D. surface

  答案:

  4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good

  A. sight

  B. scene

  C. view

  D. look

  答案:

  5.We all know that______speak louder than words.

  A. movements

  B. performances

  C. operations

  D. actions

  答案:

  6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.

  A. idea

  B. thought

  C. mind

  D. intention

  答案:

  7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.

  --OK. Thank you for reminding me.

  A. valuables

  B. suitcases

  C. gifts

  D. bags

  答案:

  8.If the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______

  A. information

  B. advice

  C. message

  D. notice

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