课时作业(十六) [必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement] (限时：30分钟).完形填空 The answer is, they're probably not.
Traditional economics says that people are __1__ human beings who will lie if it's to their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, we're pretty __2__—especially when we're at home.
Researchers in Germany __3__ people at home and asked them to toss(投掷) a coin. There was a strong __4__(刺激) to lie about the result: if the coin landed tails－up, the participants would receive money, while if the coin landed heads－up, they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone, they knew there was no __5__yet people told the__6__. Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails－up about 50% of the time. In this__7__， over half the people asked said that the coin landed heads－up, which meant they would receive nothing.had found that people were more __8__. In those laboratory studies, 75% of people reported a __9__coin and asked for a reward. So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes that makes us play fair, although it's not yet clear why.
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly __10__. Even in the laboratory, 25% of people __11__ a reward by telling the truth. The researchers say this is because honesty is __12__ valued in human society. We care about our __13__ and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people. So lying has a psychological __14____15__．
1．A.poor
B．kindcaught
4．A.mental
B．financial
C．technical
D．educational
5．A.idea
B．need
C．evidence
D．risk
6．A.difference
B．truthted
D．dishonestA.received
B．refusedjobs
D．reputation.阅读理解Sichuan—her training as a ballet dancer has served Tian Yu well in her bid to be a top equestrian(骑手)．，” said the 16－year－old girl. the national youth equestrian team, Tian won a bronze in the jumping challenge at a youth event of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports in Korea in April.
A month later, she won a gold in the jumping challenge at the International Equestrian Masters in the National Stadium in Beijing.
Tian is conspicuous(引人注意的) at events because there are not many women equestrian athletes in the country—many parents do not want their daughters, mostly only children, to get involved and the practice is not covered by any insurance.
“To be an equestrian, a woman has to be strong, be patient and work harder than a male counterpart，” Tian said.a state－run middle school, Tian can only practise out twice a week after school. During summer and winter vacations, she practises in the Jingcheng Horse Club in Beijing's Daxing District every day, even on biting cold winter days. Last winter, the skin on the back of her hands cracked and became infected because of the cold, but she did not stop training. Even during the Spring Festival she only took one day off. Training can be repetitious and boring, and each day Tian has to ride between four and six horses.
She became interested in horses at the age of four when she visited a horse club in a Beijing suburb and with the help of a coach, she sat on a horse and rode. She started formal training at age eight.
Though she has rarely fallen, her worst accident was when she tumbled(翻动) while practising on a course in Hebei Province. Lying on the field, she lost consciousness for instead of crying she stood up without the help of her coach, Ji Yuping.
“Unlike other girls, Tian is strong－minded，” Ji said.Tian has distinguished herself as a top student.
The principal of her school allows Tian to finish her schoolwork and send it to teachers via the Internet when she is away for a competition.
揑 like horse riding but won't make it my profession ，” Tian said.ue according to the passage?
A．Tian achieved a gold medal at the International Equestrian Masters.
B．Tian won a bronze in the jumping challenge in Beijing.
C．Tian has been interested in horses since the age of four.
D．A woman equestrian should be strong, patient and hard－working.men equestrian athletes in the country.
C．Many parents don't want their daughters to join in the horse riding.
D．The practice is not protected by any insurance.
18．What can we learn from the seventh paragraph?
A．Tian only practised at school.
B．Tian only practised during her vacations.
C．Tian rested only one day during the Spring Festival.
D．Tian insisted on practice no matter what kind of situation it was.
19．What can we infer from the ninth paragraph?
A．Tian was badly hurt.
B．Tian lost consciousness.
C．Tian is very strong and brave.
D．Tian's coach helped her.
20．What can we learn from the last paragraph but one?
A．Tian's headmaster and teachers all support her.
B．Tian often hands in her homework by the Internet.
C．Tian finishes her homework by the Internet.
D．Tian can't finish her homework because of her competition.
B
If you've ever seen the way people interacted with their pets, it comes as no surprise that there's some germ－est single contributors to what kinds of microbes that live on your skin.
A team of researchers led by Se Jinsong at the University of Colorado, Boulder, took swabs(化验标本) of the tongues, palms, foreheads and feces(排泄物) of members of 60 family households. Some of the families had children or household pets and some did not; dogs were the only pets swabbed.family members who lived together had more bacteria in common than members of separate households. Bacteria on the skin were especially similar within households, probably because we pass microbes through the air, through direct contact, and via the surfaces we touch.
The most surprising thing was that the skin bacteria of dog owners from different households were almost similar as if they'd cohabited without a dog. Put another way, you and a friend across town who both own dogs share a skin ecosystem as alike as a married couple does.
The reason for this appears to be that dogs harbour some kinds of bacteria that are rare on human skin. One in particular, a family of bacteria called Methylophilaceae, was abundant in the mouths of dogs sampled as well as the skin of their owners—indicating a common occurrence of oral－skin transfer between dogs and their owners, according to the results published in the journal eLife.
21．From the study, we know that ________．a live on our skin because of dog ownership
B．nobody finds it surprising that there should be some germ－exchanging between dogs and their ownersthere would most probably be no microbe on our skin if it were not for dogs
22．The research took the following factors into consideration EXCEPT ________．lds
B．families with children or households pets
C．families without children or households pets
D．dogs being the only pets in the households
23．Why did researchers analyse the DNA of the bacteria they found?
A．To search for the way microbes pass from one member of a family to another.
B．To find out the exact number of the bacteria living on human skin.
C．To decide whether the bacteria were of the same kinds or not.
D．To prove that family members who lived together had the same bacteria as the members of separate households.
24．If both you and your friend who lives on the other end of your neighbourhood have dogs, you may probably ________．afe to keep dogs because of microbes.
B．How many kinds of bacteria live on people's skin because of dog ownership?
C．Dog ownership affects the kinds of microbes living on people's skin.
D．What are the similarities between people who keep dogs and those who don't.
课时作业(十六) poor贫穷的；kind友好的；generous大方的；reasonable合理的，公道的。句意：D。 honest诚实的；strict严格的；calm平静的；afraid害怕的。句意：最近的研究表明，我们是非常诚实的，尤其是在家的时候。故选A。 visit参观；see看见；phone打电话；catch抓住。根据“Because they were on the phone…”可知应是打电话，故选C。mental精神上的；financial财政的；technical科技的；educational教育的。根据“…if the coin landed tails－up, the participants would receive money…”可知有一个金钱刺激，故选B。 idea主意；need 需要；evidence 证据；risk冒险。句意：因为是在电话里，如果他们撒谎了，他们知道也不会冒着被抓住的风险。故选D。 difference不同；truth 实情；story故事；secret秘密。然而人们都说了实情，故选B。 case 情况；interview采访；speech 演讲；study学习，研究。根据“Previous studies had found that people were more…”可知，此空处意思是“在这次调查研究中”，故选D。 faithful忠实的；grateful感激的；disappointed失望的；dishonest不诚实的。根据下文的叙述可知以前的研究表明人们是不诚实的，故选D。 missing失踪的；losing失败的；winning胜利的；shining光亮的。句意：在以前那些实验室研究中75%的人说是赢的那面。故选C。 reliable可靠的；greedy贪婪的；brave勇敢的；wealthy富有的，充分的。句意：事实上这A。 receive收到；refuse拒绝；win 赢；require要求。句意：25%的人由于讲了实情而拒绝了奖金。故选B。 highly高度地；normally通常地；formally正式地；poorly不充分地。句意：研究人员认为这是由于在人类社会中诚实是被高度重视的缘故。故选A。 money钱；family家庭；job工reputation名声。我们在乎我们的名声。故选D。 reason理由；effect影响；cost费用，损失；function功能。根据“…it seems this cost is more important than the financial benefits of…”，可知，撒谎有心理的损失或伤害，故选C。 study研究；lie 撒谎；phone打电话；report做报告。句意：这种精神上的伤害比撒谎带来的一些利益要重要得多。故选B。A
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作为芭蕾舞者的四川成都姑娘Tian Yu经过艰苦的训练，终于成为非常棒的骑手，同时也体现了她坚韧不拔的意志。 细节理解题。从文章第三段的“…Tian won a bronze in the jumping challenge at a youth .”看出B项不正确； 从第四段的“A month later, she won a gold in the jumping challenge at the International Equestrian Masters in the National Stadium in Beijing.”看出A项是正确的； 从第八段的“She became interested in horses at the age of four…”看出C是正确的； 从第六段的“‘To be an equestrian, a woman has to be strong, be patient and work harder than a male counterpart…’”可看出D项是正确的。 细节理解题。从文章的第五段“…because there are not many women equestrian athletes in the country—many parents do not want their daughters, mostly only children, to get involved and the practice is not covered by any insurance. ”可知A项正确。 推理判断题。根据本段的内容“不论是假期还是寒冷的冬天，她都坚持训练”推出选D项。 推理判断题。从本段的“When she came to, instead of crying she stood up without the help of her coach, Ji Yuping.”可知选C。 细节理解题。从本段的“…send it to teachers via the Internet…”可知选A。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个新的发21．A 细节理解题。由文章第一段的“A new study indicates that dog ownership specifically may be one of the biggest single contributors to what kinds of microbes that live on your skin.”可知，寄居在我们身体上的一些细菌是由于养狗造成的。 细节理解题。由第二段的“…took swabs(化验标本) of the tongues, palms, foreheads and feces(排泄物) of members of 60 family households. Some of the families had children or household pets and some did not…”可知，在研究中所考虑的因素正好对应选项中的前三项，由此可知答案为D。该题…dogs were the only pets swabbed.”判断出D项与之不符。3．C 细节理解题。由第三段的第一句话可知，分析他们发现的细菌的DNA是为了判断细菌的多样性。选项中的“decide”对应原文中的“determine”；“of the same kinds or not”对应原文的“diverse”。 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段的“Put another way, you and a friend across town who both own dogs share a skin ecosystem as alike as a married couple does.”可知，你和住在城镇另一端的朋友，如果都养狗，也会有相似的皮肤生态系统。题干中的“on the other end of your neighbourhood”对应原文的“a friend across town”；“have dogs”对应“own dogs”；选项中的“share similar skin ecosystem”对应原文的“share a skin ecosystem as alike as a married couple does”。 主旨大意题。这是一篇科普类文章，讲述的是一项新的研究发现。该类型的文章通常在文章的开篇点题。第一段的最后一句话揭示了文章的主题：养狗对于生存在人皮肤上的细菌的影响。下文对这一发现的过程进行了详细的介绍。