难点16 区别微妙的情态动词
情态动词在近年来的高考试题中的难度日渐加大，不仅是由于情态动词表示说话人的语气和心态等，而且这些往往是需用心体会而得的。由于语气的暗示在题目中变得更隐蔽，语气的变化更微妙，因而更综合化了。 ●难点磁场 1.()I didn’t hear the phone I________ asleep. A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 2.(★★★★★)We ________ last night,but we went to the concert instead. A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study 3.(★★★★★)John,you________ play with the knife,you________hurt yourself. A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;may C.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t 4.(★★★★★)It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack________ be here at any moment. A.must B.need C.should D.can 5.(★★★★)She________for what she has done,but why do you keep silent on it? A.ought to praise B.ought to have praised C.ought to be praised D.ought to have been praised 6.(★★★★)If your boss is not right,you________him. A.mustn’t obey B.don’t have to obey C.wouldn’t have obey D.can’t have obey 7.(★★★★★)—Shall I call a doctor for you? — ________.I will be better soon. A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustn’t C.No,you needn’t D.I’d rather not 8.(★★★★)—Would you like to go shopping with me tonight? —________. A.I’d love so B.I’ll like to C.I would like that D.I’d love to 9.(★★★★★)He________ you more help,even though he was very busy. A.might have given B.might C.may have given D.may give 10.(★★★★★)Noise________ harmful in China. A.didn’t use to be considered B.usedn’t to consider C.didn’t use to consider D.isn’t used to be considered
●案例探究 1.—Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry,________ my brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t can’t客观上不能办到 needn’t不需要 won’t不会，不愿意 错解分析：本题易误选D，I won’t，只考虑了将来时，而实际上，吃饭这件事是办不到的。 解题方法与技巧：情态动词在一般疑问句中的问和答的应用，一般只涉及到词的基本用法。can表示做某事的能力。意思是“能够”“能”。或表示许可，在疑问句中表示要求，否定句表示不许。 答案：B 2.Sorry I’m late.I________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000年春季高考北京) A.might B.should C.can D.will 命题意图：本题考查对过去猜测的用法。属五星级题。 知识依托：may/might/must+have done表示对过去的肯定猜测。 can’t/couldn’t+have done表示对过去的否定猜测。 错解分析：本题易误选B，而should have done表示应该做而实际上没做，这和语意“我可能是把闹钟关掉后又睡了”是矛盾的，故应选A。 解题方法与技巧：在这道题目中反映出的情态动词+完成式表示对过去发生事情的推测属于高考的一个重点和热点，对于这种题目首先要弄清各种搭配的含义，然后再结合语境选出正确答案。 答案：A
●锦囊妙计 要运用好情态动词，就要首先对情态动词有一个完整的认识，情态动词分为三种情况： 1.只用作情态动词的有：must,can/could,may/might,ought to,be able to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need,dare，have/had to,used to 3.既可作情态动词又为助动词的有：shall/should/will/would 情态动词不能单独作谓语，需要和动词（行为动词或系动词）连用，构成谓语。除了可以表示一定的意思，比如：能够，可以，肯定等，其最重要的还在于它同时可以传达说话人的口气、心情、意愿等。例如：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.本句中的should就表示讲话人意外、惊奇、遗憾的感情色彩。同时它的难点也就难在这里，做题时不仅要熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法，更要结合上下文仔细体会文句中所隐含的语气或情感。
●歼灭难点训练 1.()Don’t lock the door in case he________ back late at night. A.should come B.might come C.will come D.would come 2.(★★★★★)You________ worry about the old man.He________ well already. A.don’t need;gets B.needn’t;may have got C.mustn’t;got D.don’t need to;may get 3.(★★★★)I’ve tried many times,but the car just________. A.won’t start B.wouldn’t start C.doesn’t start D.didn’t start 4.(★★★★★)Better set off at once,________? A.won’t you B.shall we C.hadn’t you D.wouldn’t you 5.(★★★★★)I was really anxious about you________ home without a word. (2001年高考) A.musn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave 6.()—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure.I go to the concert intead. (2000年高考) A.must B.would C.should D.might 7.()—Do you think he will do me a favour? —As far as I know,he is the last one to help others.He be prepared to give you a hand,though. （南京二模） A.might B.must C.can D.should 8.()You must have seen the film last night, you? A.mustn’t B.isn’t C.didn’ t D.haven’t 9.(★★★★★)It’s dark now.We have to stay here for the night, ? A.don’t we B.haven’t we C.mustn’t we D.shouldn’t we 10.(★★★★★)He through the forest alone. A.dare walk B.dare to walk C.dares walking D.dares to walk