第26讲
阅读简答(二)
81.Why did the author feel guilty?(No more than 9 words) ________________________________________________________________________
本文为记叙文。记叙了作者第一次长跑的经历。
81. She had a quarrel with her husband. (2分)细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知答案。 思路点拨 *
82.What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? (No more than 11 words) ________________________________________________________________________
82. She failed to jog to the end of the street. (2分)细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知答案。 思路点拨 *
83.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop?(No more than 9 words) ________________________________________________________________________
83. No one would be disappointed or even know. (3分) 细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知答案。 思路点拨 *
84.How is running different from jogging to the author?(No more than 14 words) ________________________________________________________________________
84. Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good. (3分)细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句可知答案。 思路点拨
五、概括主旨大意型、确定文章标题型和判断推理型的解题技巧
Ⅰ.概括主旨大意型
主旨大意型考查考生对语篇的整体理解能力以及分析、推理、归纳等能力。不同的文体,主旨大意的归纳方法也不尽相同。一般来说,说明文、议论文在文章第一段的段首或段尾,文章最后一段的段首或段尾往往会以主题句的形式呈现文章的主旨大意。对于这类题目可以通过了解文章中段落和主题句的形式来总结文章的主旨大意。 而对于其他类型的文章,如记叙文文体,则要在把握全篇的基础上对文章进行概括和总结,最后给出文章的主旨大意。这类题要求考生用最简洁而又内容丰富的词或短语高度概括文章的中心思想。做题的步骤是先找到主题句,通过对主题句进行加工、整合或重组,才能得出最佳答案。
Ⅱ.确定文章标题型
确定文章的标题,其实质是要求对文章作深层次理解,是文章主旨大意的一种升华,这类题往往具有以下特点:
①概括性。标题在最大限度上概括全文,体现文章的主旨大意,它是文章主旨大意的一种确认方式。因此,在给文章起标题时,要仔细体会文章字里行间所蕴含的作者的思想态度,从全局出发进行归纳总结,防止本末倒置,主次不分,以点带面,以偏概全。
②针对性。文章标题要有一定的内涵和外延界限,不能太大也不宜太小,要量体裁衣,大小适度。
③醒目性。文章标题是文章的点睛之笔,其恰当与否会影响文章的可读性,读者会根据标题来选读文章,故标题应比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,以达到吸引读者的目的。 【基础练习】
What does the passage mainly talk about? (No more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Wireless Internet for laptops.
Ⅲ. 判断推理型
判断推理型考查考生根据文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推理和判断。推理判断题包括理解和推测作者或人物的观点、态度、意图、身份、情感,对作者或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出评价等,该题型属于深层理解试题。与阅读理解题中的推断题一样,简答题的答案在原文中是不能找到的,它要求考生以文章中的某些词、整篇文章的行文结构、作者的写作手法等为依据,进行合理的推断。 要准确理解文段的隐含信息,除了要熟练地掌握基本的语言知识,准确理解句子的字面意思外,还要求我们运用自己已有的知识、经验,结合文段的相关信息进行推理、判断。在题目设计中出现的形式有:数据推断题、知识推断题、逻辑结论推断题、作者情感态度意图推断题等。此类问题常涉及infer, conclude, imply, learn, intend, purpose, attitude等词。 该题常见的设问方式有:
①What can we infer/conclude from the passage? ②What can we learn from the passage? ③What does the passage imply but doesn't tell us directly? ④What's the purpose of the passage? ⑤What's the writer's attitude? ⑥What does the writer suggest in the passage? 【基础练习】
What is the author's attitude towards the phenomenon? (No more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________
本文为说明文。iPhone手机以其卓越的娱乐和教育功能竟成了幼童的首选玩具。这一现象正在引起一些儿童发育专家的注意和担忧。
He is worried and disapproves of preschoolers using the iPhone.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知作者对这种现象感到担忧,对小孩子使用iPhone是不赞成的。
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