2016年高考英语总复习 8-1 Unit 1 The written word练习 牛津译林版
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012年常州模拟)—Hello，John，I'm sorry to tell you that I'm too busy to go to the exhibition with you.
—________.The artist is said to be a very good one.
A．That's all right B．That's too bad
C．It's a pity
D．It's too disappointed
解析：考查交际用语。答语中“The artist is said to be a very good one”指的是“那位艺术家据说是很优秀的”，暗示“如果你不去就太可惜了”。应选C项。“It’s a pity.”表示“太可惜了，太遗憾了”。
答案：C
2．She was on a diet，but she couldn’t________eating sweet food.Consequently，her weight was gained again.
A．remove
B．resist
C．reject
D．object
解析：句意：她在节食，但她忍不住要吃甜食。结果，她的体重又增加了。resist“抵抗，抵制”。符合句意。remove“搬动，移动”；reject“拒绝”；object“反对”。
答案：B
3.At first________，the bag seems made of real leather.
But actually it is just an imitation.
A．scene
B．sight
C．opinion
D．look解析：句意：乍一看这个包是真皮做的，但实际上是仿制品。at first sight“乍看”，为固定用法。
答案：B4．All the historic sites within the range of Three Gorges Reservoir have been________to some new locations high above.
A．transformed
B．transmitted
C．transferred
D．transported
解析：考查动词词义辨析。transform(使)改变，变形；transmit传输，传播；transfer转移；调动；transport传送，运输，流放。句意：三峡库区内所有的历史遗址都已经搬迁到更高的新的位置。故C项符合句意。
答案：C
5．(2012年宿州模拟)Children________react against their parents by going against their wishes.
A．cater to
B．point to
C．take to
D．tend to
解析：句意：儿童易于通过违背父母的愿望来与父母作对。tend to“趋向，倾向”，符合句意。cater to迎合……的口味；point to指向；take to开始喜欢。
答案：D
6．He was robbed last night，but________he didn’t have much money on him then.
A．fortunately
B．eventually
C．certainly
D．surprisingly
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨晚他被抢劫了，但幸运的是，当时他身上带的钱不多。fortunately幸运地；eventually最终地；certainly当然；surprisingly令人吃惊地。故A项符合句意。
答案：A
7．The teacher told the students to settle________ and study the text.
A．for
B．down
C．on
D．up
解析：句意：老师让同学们静下来学习课文。settle down“安静下来”，符合句意。settle for(勉强)接受，(将就着)同意；settle on决定；settle up付清欠账；结清账单。
答案：B
8．(2012年滁州一中模拟)I have some________with Japanese，but I can’t speak it fluently.
A．resistance B．acknowledgement
C．acquaintance
D．access
解析：句意：我对日语知道一些，但说得不流利。acquaintance知道，了解，认识，符合句意。resistance抗拒，抵抗；acknowledgement承认；access入口，进入。
答案：C
9．Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol.
A．temper
B．mood
C．consciousness
D．pressure
解析：句意：城市的生活非常艰难。为了缓解压力，一些人酗酒。temper脾气；mood心情；consciousness意识；pressure压力。
答案：D
10．(2012年池州一中质检)The child was________both physically and mentally.He couldn’t stand it any more and ran away.
A．abused B．attacked
C．treated
D．received
解析：abuse虐待；attack袭击；treat对待，招待；receive收到，接受，迎接。根据语境“He couldn’t stand it any more and ran away.”可知A项意思相符。
答案：A
11．People may have their hearing________by loud noise of machines.
A．wounded
B．hit
C．harmed
D．beaten
解析：句意：许多人的听力也许会被机器发出的噪音伤害。harm“损害”，符合句意。wound多指在战斗中受伤；hit击打某一点；beat击打，打败。
答案：C
12．(2012年江西卷)My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________was available from that shop.
A．nothing
B．none
C．no one
D．neither
解析：考查代词。句意：我兄弟想买一块好表，但那家商店没有一个可买的。nothing没有什么。none没有一个，指三个以上；no one只指人不指物；neither两者都不，一个也不。B项符合句意。
答案：B
13．It is quite________of beginners to forget to use an article before noun.
A．ordinary
B. usual
C．typical
D．general
解析：句意：名词前忘记用冠词的现象是初学者的特点。typical“典型的”，符合句意。ordinary平凡的；usual通常的；general总的，一般的。
答案：C
14．English TV programmes________by the students these years.
A．are well received
B．are well accepted
C．are well got
D．are well gained
解析：考查动词短语的区别。receive，accept，get，gain虽都有“获得，得到”之意，但只有receive符合题意，be well received意为“很受欢迎”。
答案：A
15．(2012年南昌外国语学校月考)Business has really taken off and the profit we've managed to make is________last year.
A．three times those of
B．three times as many as
C．three times that of
D．three times what is
解析：考查倍数表达。在表达倍数比较的时候，我们可以用“倍数词＋what从句”或“倍数词＋that/those of”。从语意和选项看，本题选C，用that代指前面提到的不可数名词profit。
答案：C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
That our students rarely get the opportunity to use their imagination was an open secret among Chinese people.Now，a global survey has brought it to the notice of the rest of the world.
The survey covering 21 countries，conducted by International Educational Progress Evaluation Organization，showed Chinese students excelled at math，beating their peers from other countries.But when it came to using their imagination，they were tied for the last place.And in creativity，they were fifth from the bottom.
The survey results are not shocking，given the way our children are taught in schools and at home.But they are a severe reminder to our educators and parents to improve their ways.
Chinese students rarely get the time or chance to use their imagination.Right from the day they enter school they are pushed into a culture of exams and more exams.Teachers and parents teach them that education is all about passing these exams with flying colors.And to pass those exams，they are made to learn by fixed standard answers.
Teachers dare not encourage students to think outside the box.Teachers don't like students questioning them，killing the curiosity of the young minds.For children，there's hardly any room for bright ideas either in class or at home.
Israel shares the values of education with China.But there is a world of difference between the way Israeli parents treat their children and we do.Israeli parents do not mollycoddle their children.Instead，they encourage them to learn how to live independently.In contrast，Chinese parents go to extremes，allowing their children to do whatever they like to do and punishing them severely the next for committing a “mistake”．
The global study should make us swing into action and help our students to throw open their young minds to imagination and creativity.It is time our education officials and educators asked themselves what they should do to let our children's imagination and creativity blossom.
【语篇解读】 中国学生很少有机会发挥他们的想像力。本文针对这种现象作了一份调查。
16．Based on the passage，the creativity of the Chinese students ranks ________ among the 21 countries.
A．the 5th
B．the 17th
C．the 21st
D．the 1st
解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段的The survey covering 21 countries...in creativity，they were fifth from the bottom.可知，中国学生的创造力位于21个国家的倒数第五位，即第17位。
答案：B
17．Why is the imagination of the Chinese students so poor?
A．Their parents often improve their educational ways.
B．They are thought to be lacking in curiosity.
C．Their teachers are afraid of being questioned.
D．They are not encouraged to imagine both at home and in class.
解析：细节理解题。文章第三段至第五段都是围绕这个问题展开论述的。根据第五段的最后一句可知D为正确答案。其他三个选项都过于片面。
答案：D
18．What does the underlined word “mollycoddle” probably mean in Paragraph 6?
A．spoil
B．motivate
C．appreciate
D．scold
解析：词义猜测题。由下文的．..Chinese parents go to extremes，allowing their children to do whatever they like to do and punishing them severely the next for committing a “mistake”．可知此处应表示“溺爱”。
答案：A
19．It can be learned from the passage Israeli parents ________.
A．lay much more emphasis on education than Chinese ones
B．allow their children to live in whatever way they like
C．focus more attention on developing their children's living ability
D．encourage their children to commit mistakes in lives
解析：推理判断题。由第六段Instead，they encourage them to learn how to live independently.可知。
答案：C
20．Israel is introduced in the passage mainly ________.
A．to enrich the content of the text
B．to support and advocate Israel education
C．to illustrate the disadvantages of Chinese education
D．to criticize the wrong behavior of Chinese parents
解析：推理判断题。以色列及以色列的父母的做法是作为一个反衬中国父母做法的有力论据出现的，故选C。
答案：C
B
Next time a customer comes to your office，offer him a cup of coffee.And when you're doing your holiday shopping online，make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea.The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions－those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person's perception(感知) of another's “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships.Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration，even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable.Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences，Bargh argues，when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations，particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studies by Harry Harlow，published in 1958，showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire，even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle.Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done，Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures，and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth，Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students.A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses(假设)，handed the students either a hot cup of coffee，or a cold drink，to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form：The drink was then handed back.After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly.” says Bargh.
【语篇解读】 身体上对于外界的感知可以影响人们心理上对于某事物的看法。
21．According to Paragraph 1，a person's emotion may be affected by ________.
A．the visitors to his office
B．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness
D．the things he has bought online
解析：细节理解题。文章中第一段中提到，身体上对于温暖的感知可以激发热情，而一杯冷饮在手可以使人避免头脑发热，可知一个人的情感是由他的身体感知所影响的。
答案：C
22．Thd author mentions Harlow's experiment to show that ________.
A．adults should develop social skills
B．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adults
D．monkeys have social relationships
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句内容可知。
答案：B
23．In Bargh's experiment，the students were asked to ________.
A．evaluate someone's personality
B．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.可知。
答案：A
24．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C．physical temperature affects how we see others
D．capable persons are often cold to others
解析：推理判断题。文章开头点明：身体对于冷暖的感知可以影响人的心理，接下来分别用Harlow和Bargh的实验来证明这个观点，答案选C。
答案：C
25．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C．Developing Better Drinking Habits
D．Physical Sensations and Emotions
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了一个研究结果：人对于外界的看法是由身体对于外界的感知所影响的，故答案选D即身体感知和情感。
答案：D