2016高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（答案）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（答案）--世界与环境（1）

　　The pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of theway the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life.

　　Set to open in 2016, the £188m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.

　　As digital media（媒介）is important to its idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new

　　technologies.

　　Brian Gambles, the LoB project director,anys it is about gieing people the ringht tools for learning,

　　“The airn is to aix the physical with the digital. Providing

　　24-hour services which can be used throusl, niany Jilleren, ways. It is important to

　　enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”

　　The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing thedistant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.

　　Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit

　　the Virtual（虚拟的）LoB, designed by Baden, the birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtualone has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and

　　how it will work before it even opens.

　　Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB

　　projects. Subetns, a digital design company, is developing what it calls “calargod

　　reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the  which is the early stages of development  is an online library of figures of

　　the city being built  contrat company in Cahoots, in which users with the

　　encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

　　Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library’s  and services opento citizens as sever before.”(2011四川卷)

　　1.The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____ .

　　A. the equipment                    

　　B. the project 

　　C. the digital media                  

　　D. the physical library

　　2.While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_____ .

　　A. get a general idea of the LoB 

　　B. meet more world-famous experts 

　　C. learn how to put up a library building 

　　D. understand how the specialists work on the project

　　3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens? a. It offers better learning tools b. It reaches users in different ways  c. It provides users with smart phone d. It allows users to enrich its material e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services

　　 A. a, b, d  

　　B. a, c, e

　　C. b, c, d   

　　  D. b, d, e

　　4. This text more probably from _______.

　　 A. a computer book  B. a library guide  C. a project handbook  D. newspaper report  解析：

　　对细节理解和分析1. B 考查推理判断。根据第二部分中的“…the project is already providing chancesfor some of the many small new local companies working at the new

　　technologies.”可知its即是the project。 2. A 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Not only have the public been able to learn

　　about LoB, …”可知当参观数字化图书馆时公众可以了解LoB。 3. A 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“…it is about giving people the right tools for l earning…Providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different

　　ways.”可知a 和b正确；根据倒数第二段中的“…users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.”可知d正确。故选A项。 4. D 考查推理判断。该文章主要介绍了一座在建的数字化图书馆，属于资讯报道类的文章，应是节选自报纸。a computer book电脑书籍；a library guide图书馆指导；a project handbook工程手册。

　　1. 我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。

　　2. 由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。

　　3. 一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。

　　4. 介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。

　　5. 保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。

　　·链接高考The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.

　　For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization, the first European to arrive was John Feam in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship, He called the island Pleasant Island.

　　However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.

　　Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. The company began mining the phosphate.

　　A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil Then u takes away the material it wants. Strip-mining totally destroys die land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

　　In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate

　　Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized dial they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.

　　56. What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To seek help for Nauru's problems.

　　B. To give a warning to other countries.

　　C. To show the importance of money.

　　D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.

　　57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?

　　A. Rich and powerful. B. Modem and open.

　　C. Peaceful and attractive. D. Greedy and aggressive.

　　58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from______ .

　　A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining

　　C. farming activity D. whale hunting

　　59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?

　　A. Its leaders misused the money.

　　B. It spent too much repairing the island.

　　C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.

　　D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.

　　60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?

　　A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair

　　B. The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.

　　C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.

　　D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.

　　【难度】一般

　　59.【答案】A

　　【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句和最后三句可知，Nauru的领导者对金钱的错误使用致使这个国家陷入了财政困难，故答案选A。

　　链接2. （2012北京卷）

　　“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

　　As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

　　Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

　　I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

　　This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

　　67. John Sauven holds that_____.

　　A. many people value nature too much

　　B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

　　C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities

　　D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

　　68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?

　　A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

　　B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

　　C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

　　D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

　　69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

　　A. Objective.

　　B. Disapproving.

　　C. Sceptical.

　　D. Optimistic.

　　CP: Central Point

　　P: Point

　　Sp: Sub-point(次要点)

　　C: Conclusion

　　【试题解析】短文在最后一段提到“This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.”。由此结合上文可知，作者对于双方的辩论是持着客观的态度，A选项与此相符。因此，正确答案为A选项。

　　【难度】一般

　　70.【答案】D

　　【试题解析】短文在第1段提出问题，在第2段和第3段分别列出了两方面的观点，第4段作者对两种观点谈了自己的看法，最后一段是全文的结论部分。由此可知，D选项就是短文的结构框架。因此，正确答案为D选项。

　　【难度】一般

　　链接3.2010福建卷

　　Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

　　The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.

　　64．What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

　　B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

　　C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

　　D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

　　65．The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“

　　A．affect

　　B．change

　　C．disturb

　　D．reject

　　66．According to Harry Morrison, businesses

　　A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

　　B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

　　C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions

　　D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

　　67 ．We can learn from the passage that businesses will

　　A．have a strong desire to reduce costs

　　B．use the same logo in their marketing

　　C．gain advantages by taking early action

　　D．attract more shoppers by storing goods65. 很多考生认为时今年和去年的购买对于环境的考虑发生了变化，从而选择了B项，实际这是由于没有仔细分析，仅从字面意思了解得出的错误结论。如果考生把这一段仔细解读一下，在理解的前提下，再找一下关键词汇，例如：aware of , effect 等，就会觉得affect这个选项好了。

　　67. 本题有不少考生选择了A项，因为他们觉得既然减排对企业有利，那么一些企业必然会有很大的愿望减排。实际本篇文章的第一句就表明了减排对企业是一个困难的时间，因此企业开始应该是没有意愿减排的，本文是来描述减排的好处，给企业以提醒的，因此选C。