2016年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版
专题升级训练十四 阅读理解(二)
A
(2012湖北八校二次联考)
For the past two years, 8yearold Harli Jordean from Stoke Newington, London, has been selling marbles(弹珠). His successful marble company, Marble King, sells all things marblerelated—from affordable tubs of the glass playthings to significantly expensive items like Duke of York solitaire tables—sourced, purchased and processed by the miniCEO himself.
“I like having my own company. I like being the boss，” Harli told The Mirror.
With profits now in the thousands, “the world's youngest CEO” has had to get his mother and older brothers to help him meet the growing demand.
Harli launched Marble King after swapping marbles at school led to schoolchildren consuming his marble collection. Yes, he literally “lost his marbles.” Harli and his mother, Tina, turned to the Internet to find replacements.
Harli saw an empty space online: the marbles he wanted were hard to find. Within months，Harli had his own marbleselling website—and orders started pouring in.
Tina says her son's attachment to marbles started when he was just 6.
“His attachment became so passionate that we started calling him the Marble King —so when he wanted to set up a website it was the natural name for it，” she told The Sun.
“I never thought it would become so popular— we are struggling to cope with the number of orders at times.”
The 8yearold boy has his sights set on expanding his business and launching his own brand of marbles.
“Sometimes his ideas are so grand we have to scale them back a bit. But his dream is still to own Britain's biggest marble shop and open stores around the world，” Tina told The Daily Mail.
“At the moment he is annoying me by creating his own Marble King marbles— so that could well be the next step for him.”
1．Harli's Marble Company became popular as soon as he launched it because ______.
A．it was run by “the world's youngest CEO”
B．it filled the gap of online marble trade
C．Harli was fascinated with marble collection
D．Harli met the growing demand of the customers
2．How many mass media are mentioned in the passage?
A．One
B．TwoC．Three
D．Four
3．The underlined expression “scale them back” is closest in meaning to ______.
A．hold them downB．carry them out
C．set them asideD．clear them away
4．What message do the last two paragraphs carry?
A．Conflicts often occur between Harli Jordean and his family.
B．Harli's mother and brothers are worried about Marble King's future.
C．Marble King marbles will surely attract more fans around the world.
D．The “Marble King” has great ambition for his Marble King company.
B
Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for ten to fifteen minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day— which really is pretty much for handwriting.
Many adults remember learning that way— by copying letters over and over again.Today's thinking is that short periods of practice are better.Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself.Instead，they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas.After all，that is why we write.
Handwriting involves two skills.One is legibility，which means forming the letters so they can be read.The other is fluency— writing without having to think about it.Fluency continues to develop up until high school.
But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more
because of computers and voice recognition programs.
But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT college admission test. More than 75% of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.
5．We can infer from the first paragraph that ______.
A．teachers spend little time in teaching handwriting
B．most teachers attach importance to teaching handwriting
C．handwriting teaching is not commonly required
D． most teachers are at a loss how to teach handwriting
6．Which of the following about traditional handwriting in the USA is NOT true?
A．The students are taught by practicing a long period.
B．Printing is taught in preference to writing in cursive.
C．Handwriting is taught for its own sake.
D．Two skills get involved in handwriting.
7．Some people consider handwriting not important any more because ______.
A．all the American children learn to print first
B．about 1/4 of the students choose to print their essay on the test
C．it is unnecessary to use handwriting in the age of keyboard
D．computers and voice recognition programs are widely used
8．“______” may serve as the best title for the passage.
A．Handwriting: fascinating in keyboard age
B．Right or wrong: the death of handwriting
C．Two skills involved in handwriting
D．Handwriting lessons on the way out
C
Seen from space the Earth is covered in a blue mantle. It is a planet on which the continents are dwarfed (相形见绌) by the oceans surrounding them and the vastness of the marine area.
An astonishing 80 percent of all the life on Earth is to be found hidden beneath the waves and this vast global ocean pulses around our world driving the natural forces which keep life on our planet.
The oceans provide necessary sources of protein, energy, minerals and other products of use the world over and the rolling of the sea across the planet creates over half our oxygen, drives weather systems and natural flows of energy and nutrients around the world, transports water masses many times greater than all the rivers on land combined and keeps the Earth habitable.
Without the global ocean there would be no life on Earth.
It is seriously worrying, then, that we are damaging the oceans on a scale that is unimaginable to most people.
We now know that human activity can have serious influences on the vital forces working on our planet. We have fundamentally changed our global climate and are just beginning to understand the consequences of that.
As yet largely unseen, but just as serious, are the influences we are having on the oceans.
A healthy ocean has diverse ecosystems and strong and healthy habitats. The actual state of our oceans is a far cry from this natural level.
A large quantity of human pressures are being exerted both directly and indirectly on ocean ecosystems the world over. Consequently ecosystems are collapsing as marine species are driven towards extinction and ocean habitats are destroyed. With the decrease and removement of their diversity, ocean ecosystems are losing their natural recovery.
9．The 2nd and the 3rd paragraphs are given mainly to describe ______.
A．what the oceans look like
B．what the oceans are made up of
C．what live in the oceans
D．what functions the oceans have
10．The oceans provide all the following except ______.
A．various marine creatures
B．rich living resources
C．all natural forces
D．comfortable habitats for man
11．Man has not yet realized ______.
A．that he has done harm to the oceans
B．that he has done harm to the planet
C．that he has benefited from the oceans
D．that he has benefited from the planet
12．The best title for this passage should be ______.
A．Protecting our planet
B．Defending our oceans
C．Making good use of our oceans
D．A glimpse of the oceans
D
There are plenty of creams etc. on the market that help you look younger, but today, Dr.Oz is going to show how some people are actually living longer.
“We are going to talk about extreme life extension，” he says. “I am talking in detail about allowing us to go into our second century of life with the energy that you have when you are a young person.”
Owing to advances in technology and research on how diet affects the aging process, Dr.Oz says it might be possible for some people to live to see their 120th birthdays.
There's one man in Oprah's audience who Dr.Oz says may become the first man in history to live to be 150 years old. Joe Cordell is one of thousands around the world who believe they've found the key to an extremely long life — calorie restriction leads to a longer, healthier life.
At 59 Joe weighs 130 pounds.
He may not look like a person who needs to count calories, but as part of his life extension program, he inspects every mouthful of food that passes through his system.
Every day for the past seven years, Joe has limited himself to about 1,950 calories.
He believes that by eating less and restricting his calorie intake, he will trigger a genetic switch that slows the aging process.
Joe doesn't rid himself of food. Instead, the then 52yearold father filled up on natural fruits,
vegetables and lean proteins(瘦蛋白 ) that were packed with necessary vitamins and nutrients.
“Whenever you are thinking about calorie restriction, you should continually think about getting the most nutritional amount per calorie，” Joe says.
In keeping with this principle, Joe starts every morning with three apples... but he only eats the peels.“Most of the fiber is in the peel, and more importantly, most of the nutrients are in the peel，” he says.
“It is important to eat some nuts with breakfast so that you do take in some fat, some healthy fats，” he says. “I think it helps the absorption of the nutrients, and it is very filling.”
For lunch, Joe usually eats a large salad, loaded with vegetables. At dinner time, he and his family enjoy lean meat or fish and more vegetables.
When
Joe
started
practicing
calorie
restriction,
he weighed 175 pounds. Since then, he has lost 45 pounds, and he says he hasn't had a cold in seven years. Though he is in his “golden years”， researchers studying Joe say he has the body of a 20yearold athlete.
13．According to Joe, the appropriate fat intake may help ______.
A．people lose weight
B．people feel always full
C．the absorption of the nutrients
D．people live longer
14．What can we learn about Joe since he started the calorie restriction program?
A．Joe counts the amount of every meal.
B．Joe has never had a cold.
C．Joe eats three apples every morning.
D．Joe has a large salad with vegetables for dinner.
15．The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 7 can probably be replaced by ______.
A．turn on
B．break down
C．take up
D. cut off
16．According to the passage, the extreme life extension refers to ______.
A．living very long even sick
B．how to make people lead a happy life
C．living long and having a healthy body
D．how to arrange our foods every day
E
The concept of solar power satellites, or SPS, first put forward in the 1960s, is still not widely known by the general public. For example, at many public exhibitions about energy, SPS is not even mentioned. This is mainly because very little money has been spent on SPS research.
There are people who claim that SPS is unrealistic— because launch costs are much too high today; or because it is too far away.
So why do we believe that it is important to continue to do researches on SPS? The reason is very simple.
Humans are going to need huge amounts of electric power in coming decades.
Within 50 years the world population is expected to double,
while economic growth will continue around the world,
especially in the poorer countries.
But existing energy sources already face serious problems. They are limited; they are polluted; they are dangerous. So 50 or 100 years from now, where is our power going to come from? Nobody knows. So we believe that new largescale possibilities should be studied further.
We must remember that humans have some
choices concerning our future.
To some extent we can choose the direction in which our civilization develops. And choices that are made in the coming decadessuch as the energy sources that we will or will not use,
will have major,
longterm meaning for human life on earth. We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive, SPS will open the door to a much more attractive future for human civilization than any groundbased energy source, and one that the public will support and that young people will find challenging and exciting. Furthermore energy from SPS can be readily used in developing countries, as the SPS 2000 project will show, thus aiding economic development worldwide. In addition, by creating large commercial fund for space engineering,
SPS will open the frontier of space to economic development, thus creating a limitless new field for the growth of the world
economy.
17．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．The Future Energy—SPS
B．The Concept of SPS
C．Humans and SPS
D．Advantages of SPS
18．Which of the following statements about SPS is TRUE?
A．The research on SPS started in the 1960s is still not appreciated by the public.
B．The research shows that SPS can benefit both the environment and the economy at present
C．The energy from SPS is now being used in some developing countries.
D．The public don't know about SPS because little time is devoted to the research.
19．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ______.
A．the present serious energy problems
B．where to get energy sources in the future
C．the importance of controlling the world population
D．the need to explore new energy sources
20．The writer's attitude towards the research can best be summarized by the saying “______”．
A. In time of peace prepare for war
B. Put the cart before the horse
C．One man's meat is another man's poison
D．Easier said than done
参考答案
专题升级训练十四 阅读理解(二)
A
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。英国一个8岁的小男孩在把玩弹珠的同时，开办了自己的网站，在网上销售弹珠，收益可观。这个世界上最年轻的CEO梦想着自己的事业能更大、更强。
1．B 推理判断题。第四、五段说，在学校交换弹珠，这把他收藏的弹珠都用完了，于是他就和妈妈一起转向网络寻找替代品，在网上他看到一个缺口，于是在几个月之内，他建立了自己的销售弹珠的网站，订单纷至沓来。由此推断，他销售弹珠的网站受欢迎的原因是B项，它填补了网上弹珠交易的空白。注意，D项是他开办网站的原因而不是网站受欢迎的原因。
2．C 细节理解题。文章提到The Mirror(英国《镜报》)、The Sun(《太阳报》)、The Daily Mail(《每日邮报》)，因此选C项。
3．A 词义猜测题。倒数第二段提到，有时候他的想法太宏伟了，我们只好把这些宏伟的想法scale back，但他的梦想仍是拥有英国最大的弹珠商店，在世界各地开店。由此判断，该短语的含义是A项，hold down“限制，压制”。
4．D 推理判断题。最后两段谈到哈里宏伟的梦想：要拥有英国最大的弹珠商店，在世界各地开连锁店，当前的想法是要创立自己的“弹珠王”这个品牌。由此推断选D项，对于他的弹珠公司，他有着极大的雄心。
B
【解题导语】在电脑和键盘时代，学校对书法课投入的时间越来越少，学生们更倾向于打字而非手写。
5．D 推理判断题。第一段第三句讲到，90%的老师说他们被要求必须教这门课，由此排除C项；有些老师每天花10到15分钟给学生进行指导，有些老师每天教60到70分钟，从量来说足够，由此排除A项；由第五句可知，四分之三的老师说他们对教这门功课没有准备好(are not prepared)，由此推断，大多数老师不知道该怎么教这门课程。因此选D项。
6．C 推理判断题。从第二段第一句可知A项说法正确，传统的练习书法的方法是一次次地抄写；从最后一段可知B项说法正确，在美国，学生先学习打字，然后学习草书；文章第三段提到练书法包括的两个技巧，因此D项说法正确。第二段提到，书法应被学生用于表达自己的思想，“这就是我们写字的原因”，由此推断C项(练字只是为了练字，没有其他目的)说法错误。
7．D 细节理解题。第四段最后说，有些人认为书法不再重要了，因为有电脑和语音识别系统。
8．B 主旨大意题。文章开头说，在键盘时代，有人觉得书法已经没落了，然后谈论学校里书法课开设的情况，再探讨书法练习的意义、技巧等。从全文内容看，本文的标题应该为B项：书法是否已经没落？
C
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍海洋资源及人类对海洋的影响。
9．D 主旨大意题。第二段中的“...this vast global ocean pulses around our world driving the natural forces which keep life on our planet.”和整个第三段都在说明海洋的作用，故选D项。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“An astonishing 80 percent of all the life on Earth is to be found hidden beneath the waves...”可知，A项正确；根据第三段中的“The oceans provide necessary sources of protein，energy，minerals...”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段中的“A healthy ocean has diverse ecosystems and strong and healthy habitats.”可知，D项正确。而C项是对文章的错误理解。
11．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“As yet largely unseen，but just as serious，are the influences we are having on the oceans.”可知答案。
12．B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍海洋的作用，以及人类对海洋造成的破坏，故B项“保护海洋”作为文章标题最为合适。
D
【解题导语】如何能够真正活得既长寿又健康？奥兹医生要和大家讨论生命极限的延伸。他的观众之一——51岁的乔在过去七年里通过限量摄入卡路里身体棒得就像20岁的运动员一样。
13．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，乔认为进食一些有益的脂肪能够帮助营养的吸收，同时也会让人觉得很饱。故选C项。B项错在“always”一词。
14．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中“...he hasn't had a cold in seven years.”可知B项正确。
15．A 词义猜测题。根据第七段被猜词所在句子的句意“他相信凭着少吃和限制卡路里的摄入，他会把身体里一个延缓人体衰老的基因开关给打开”可知A项正确。
16．C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知奥兹医生要和大家讨论的生命极限的延伸是指人们到了一百岁之后还能够活蹦乱跳的，像年轻时那样有充沛的生命力；也就是更长寿时却享受健康，故选C项。
E
【解题导语】“太阳能卫星”的概念被提出已有半个世纪，然而并未广为公众所知。但是考虑到未来人类发展对新能源的需求，发展这一技术势在必行。
17．A 主旨大意题。本文首段简要介绍太阳能卫星(SPS)的发展现状，第二、三段说明发展太阳能卫星是探索新能源来源的必要之举，最后一段展望太阳能卫星的发展前景，所以A项作为标题最为恰当。
18．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句中“We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive...”可知，研究显示太阳能卫星在环保和经济方面都具有吸引力，故B项正确。
19．D 主旨大意题。第三段开头两句提到在未来人类需要大量电能，中间“But”引起的句子及后一句说明现有的能源来源面临严重问题，最后三句说明需要进一步研究以获得新能源。整段围绕“探索新能源来源的必要性”进行，故选D项。
20．A 推理判断题。根据第三段尤其最后三句可知作者在思考与担忧未来的能源来源问题，可以说是“居安思危”，故A项正确。B项意为“本末倒置”；C项意为“各有所爱”；D项意为“说起来容易做起来难”。B、C、D三项均不符合文章内容。