2016年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 题型技法指导
专题四 完成句子
真题试做
(2012湖北高考)
71．With______，some animals are facing the danger of dying out.(cut)
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
72．Popularly______American films ever made，The Godfather is a milestone of cinema.(regard)
《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一，是电影界的一个里程碑。
73．I don't know______in the novel that made him burst into tears.(what)
我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。
74．Little______what she looks like；all she cares about is her job performance.(care)
她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。
75．Had we not used an outofdate train schedule，we______the train.(miss)
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
76．However______，I could not read his handwriting.(try)
不论我怎样努力，还是没法看清他写的字。
77．In response to the audience's great demand，the play______in the theatre twice a week.(put)
应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
78．The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without______.(ask)
这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。
79．Our understanding of education，work and society is______of the earlier generation.(different)
我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和我们上一代人的不同。
80．Things aren't
always______.(appear)
事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。
考向分析
2012年湖北高考完成句子由每题1.5分增至每题2分，且呈现形式由给部分中文提示变为整句中文提示，这使得题意更加完整、清晰。其具体特点如下：
1．知识覆盖面广，侧重考查语法知识的实际运用
湖北高考设置该题型的目的是在开放和自然的语境中考查学生的语言综合运用能力。要求考生在所给出的不完整句子的基础上能够用英语表达出规定的语言内容，重点考查考生对于语法结构和句型结构的掌握与运用。同时也会涉及词汇运用。试题知识覆盖面广，内容跨度大。
2．考查重点突出，试题呈现立体式和复合式特点
通过对湖北高考近几年的完成句子试题分析可以看出，该部分的考查往往是在一题中综合考查多个语法现象和词汇知识，考查重点突出，有些语法考点几乎每年都会涉及，比如：动词的时态，语态，非谓语动词，各种从句(包括定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等)，倒装，虚拟语气，情态动词，强调句等；另外对一些特殊句式，形容词和副词的常用结构、各类词语搭配及其他方面的考查也几乎是一年一个侧重点。2012年主要考查了考纲中的重点语法项目：分词的独立结构，过去分词，动名词，强调句，倒装句，状语从句，虚拟语气，时态，语态，名词性从句和代词。这意味着语法的考查范围朝精细化发展，十分重视地道的语言表达方式。
3．高考评分标准严格
高考完成句子的评分标准是：结构正确，用给定的英语单词完整地表达所给的汉语信息，给满分；未用所给词不得分，结构不正确不得分。而完成句子往往是一题考查多个语法和词汇知识，其中任何一个地方出现主要知识错误都会按0分处理。
解题步骤
1．通读全句，理解句意，并确定考点
完成句子旨在“测试考生准确使用英语语法词汇进行书面表达的能力”，这就表明完成句子就是考查英语词汇在语法中地运用。因此，通读全句、准确理解句意、明确语境、正确把握句子结构、明确相关语法考点是做好完成句子的基础。
2．观察双语提示，确定基本形式
在明确语法考点的基础上，根据汉语提示和英语提示来选择相关表达，包括词汇搭配以及习惯用法，同时注意时态、语态、动词形式等。
3．总览全句，落笔行文
在经过前面的审题和思考，确定各种搭配和所需词汇之后，就可以动笔答题了。
4．复查核对
完成句子评分标准比较严格，因此答题后，将答案带入题目中进行复查核对很有必要。一般来说，检查时应注意下面四个“是否”：
结构是否合理；
语法是否正确；
语义是否准确；
是否用所给汉语句子中的相应词汇完成句子。
解题技巧
解答完成句子一般遵循三个原则：
1．严谨审题
利用完成句子的三个部分，特别是试题的主干部分，确定试题考查的语法知识，再利用语境判断时态、语态、搭配、一致性等。
2．周密思考
第一步，读全句，理解句意，并确定考查的知识结构；
第二步，观察双语提示，将英语题干中缺失的部分与相关汉语信息对应，并将其用完整的英语表达出来；
第三步，通览全句，检查语意和搭配。
3．谨慎下笔
在实际完成句子的答题中，易出现下面几个方面的错误：
(1)语法：一致性问题，时态、语态问题，指代问题，连词使用错误等；
(2)句法和词法：词性的错误，搭配的错误等；
(3)书写：单词拼写的错误等。
误区警示
1．动词时态和语态易错点
Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ______ yet.(prove)
昨晚的电视资讯说到那时为止，失踪人员中的死亡情况还没有得到证实。
答案：had not been proved
【错混透析】该题考查考生对过去完成时态及其被动语态的运用和掌握。考生易出现的错误有：
时态错误
易误用现在完成时(have/has not been proved)或一般过去式(was not proved)。主要原因是考生对这些时态的基本含义及用法掌握不牢，不能很好地加以区别运用。
语态错误
对被动语态意义及用法掌握不透彻，易误用had/have not proved。
【解题指导】动词时态和语态是英语语言知识运用的基本项目，也是历年来考查的主要内容。做好此类试题除掌握各种时态的基本运用规则外，还需结合具体语境，熟练掌握并正确使用相应的时态、语态。
2．情态动词易错点
It's said that they have swum to the island from the continent，but they ______ because the ocean in between is too wide.(do)
据说他们是从大陆游到这座岛上的，但是他们不可能做到这一点，因为两者之间的海洋太宽了。
答案：can't/couldn't have done it/so/that/this
【错混透析】本题主要考查“情态动词＋have done”对过去情况表推测的用法。can't/couldn't have done表示“(过去)不可能做过某事”。如果对该用法不熟悉，做题时易出现以下错误：
选错情态动词，出现mustn't have done；may/might not have done；shouldn't have done等答案。
结构错误，出现can't/couldn't do it/that等答案。
漏掉宾语，出现can't/couldn't have done等答案。
【解题指导】解答此题的关键就是熟练掌握好不同的情态动词＋have done对过去情况表推测的用法，这是湖北高考完成句子的重要考点之一。常见考点有：
must have done 过去一定做过/发生过
can't/couldn't have done过去不可能做过/发生过
should/ought to have done本该做，而实际上未做
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不该做，而实际上做了
could have done本来能做，而实际上未做
needn't have done本不必做，而实际上做了
may/might have done过去可能做过/发生过
3．非谓语动词易错点
After she completes the project，she'll have ______.(worry)
完成这个项目后，她就没有什么要担心的了。
答案：nothing to worry about/no more worries
【错混透析】本题答案一体现了动词不定式作定语的用法，答案二体现了“no＋名词”结构的掌握与运用情况。如果用答案一，考生常见易错点主要有：
虽然用到了“nothing to do”结构，都漏掉了后面介词about，即用nothing to worry。主要原因是没有注意到worry 是不及物动词，需带上相应介词。
结构错误。知道用nothing，但不会使用不定式作定语。
语言结构错误。部分考生只注意到汉语提示中的“要”，生硬套用了“need”等词如：needn't to worry，necessary to worry about；nothing need to worry等。
【解题指导】熟练掌握包括不定式在内的各种非谓语动词的基本用法是解题的关键，同时，在学习英语语法的过程中应该伴随着语言结构掌握好相关词汇的用法。
需要注意的是“完成句子”并非简单的对等翻译。孤立地考虑中文语意而忽视语境及中英语言差异是难以达到要求的。
4．定语从句易错点
Learning strategies，to ____________ importance，have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)
老师们认为很重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们的足够注意。
答案：which (the) teachers attach/have attached
【错混透析】本题考查对which引导的非限制性定语从句结构的掌握以及attach importance to sth.这一搭配的用法，易错点集中在：
未能正确掌握which从句的基本结构，只给出了主语和动词，有些还在后面加上了介词。如：the teachers attach/attached/have attached of/to/as。
没有把握好attach的确切含义及attach importance to sth.这一搭配的用法。
错误使用what引导从句。如：what teachers attach/attached。
时态错误，容易误用一般过去时。如：which teachers attached。
【解题指导】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句是湖北完成句子考查的重要考点，能用于这一结构的关系代词只有which和whom。先行词指人往往用“介词＋whom”；先行词指物往往用“介词＋which”。要注意同其他关系代词引导的从句区分开来，同时要注意介词的选择。
5．虚拟语气易错点
But for the help of my English teacher，I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(win)
要不是我英语老师的帮助，我就不会赢得英语写作比赛的一等奖。
答案：would not have won
【错混透析】本题主要考查含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用。but for“要不是”，相当于if 条件句。根据语境应表示与过去事实不符，因此此处主句用would＋have done。根据语境可知应用否定。考生如果对but for 的用法不了解或对虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的用法不熟就很容易出错。
【解题指导】对于考查虚拟语气的题，考生首先应记住各类虚拟语气的基本结构，尤其是谓语动词的形式；涉及时间的，应判断到底与什么时间的事实不符；涉及含义的，比如insist，suggest等，应首先根据语境判断是否使用虚拟语气。
6．强调句易错点
______ Miss Smith returned to China.(be)
正是在八年前，史密斯小姐回到了中国。
答案：It was eight years ago that
【错混透析】本题主要考查强调句的用法。易错点是关联词的选择易误用when 代替that。主要原因在于没有分清强调句型和状语从句。利用还原法，去掉强调结构后，可还原为“Miss Smith returned to China eight years ago.”该句子结构完整，可以成立，所以为强调句型而非时间状语从句，根据强调句的句型结构，应选择that。
【解题指导】解答本题的关键就是正确判断该句子的句型结构。对于强调句型与状语从句的区别，主要利用还原法，如果去掉强调结构后，能还原为完整的句子，就应是强调句型。
7．名词性从句易错点
The news ______ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)
房价将要下跌的消息导致许多人低价售出自己的房子。
答案：that house prices will fall
【错混透析】本题考查考生对that引导的同位语从句以及从句中使用将来时相应结构的掌握情况，易错点主要集中在：
(1)混淆句子结构，出现what house price will fall down等答案，主要原因在于没能正确辨别所考的是同位语从句，而误用连词。
(2)省略了that。出现了house price will fall down；the price of house will fall down。
(3)时态、语态错误。如：that the price of house would fall；that the price of house will be fallen down等。
【解题指导】名词性从句是湖北高考完成句子几乎每年都有的考点，解答关于从句的完成句子时，首先要理解句子含义，分析句子结构，从语境及汉语、英语提示确定试题涉及的从句类型，再根据连词在句中所处位置选择正确连词，然后确定时态、语态及搭配。
(一)
1．Everybody wonders ______ that he managed to get the information in time and handled the case smoothly.(be)
大家都想知道他究竟是如何及时得到消息并妥善处理好这件事的。
2．No wonder you are so tired.You ______ the furniture and you have to finish the work tomorrow.(paint)
难怪你这么累。 你一直在油漆这些家具，而且你必须明天要完成它。
3．Such a difficult question ______ that none of us could come up with any solution.(put)
他提出如此难的一个问题，以致我们没有人能想出解决问题的办法。
4．Time was up.I had no choice ______ the exam papers to the teacher.(hand)
时间到了。我别无选择只好把试卷交给老师。
5．Don't worry.The drug，______ according to the directions，will have no side effect.(take)
别担心，如果按照说明书来服用，这药不会有任何副作用。
6．He always suggests that I should put the books ______.(belong)
他总是建议我要把书放回原处。
7．Two years have passed，but the housing problem is still far from ______.(settle)
两年过去了，但是住房问题还远远没有得到解决。
8．Luckily we brought with us a map，without which we ______ in the jungle.(get)
幸运的是，我们带着地图，要不然就在森林里迷路了。
9．You can not imagine ______ after we had walked such a long distance without a rest.(feel)
你难以想象在一刻也没有休息而走了那么远的路之后，我们是多么的疲劳。
10．To our surprise，the poor worker as well as his wife and daughters ______ to the grand party which will be held tomorrow evening，too.(invite)
使我们感到奇怪的是，这个贫穷的工人及其妻女也被邀请参加明天晚上举行的盛大晚会。
(二)
1．He is such a cautious man that he insisted that ______ the doctor before taking any medicine.(consult)
他是一个很谨慎的人，坚持要求在吃任何药之前咨询医生。
2．The castle destroyed in the war is reported ______ by the local government.(rebuild)
据报道，在战争中破坏的城堡已经由当地政府重新修复了。
3．I guess it was not what he promised but how he would achieve it ______ the audience.(impress)
我想，给观众留下了深刻印象的不是他做的承诺，而是他准备如何实现承诺。4．With our food and water supplies ______，the only hope for us is to walk out of the forest as soon as possible.(run)
随着水和食物渐渐耗尽，我们唯一的希望就是尽快走出森林。
5．Children often take it for granted ______ them through thick and thin.(accompany)
孩子们理所当然地认为父母会陪他们度过艰难困苦。
6．I was absent from the match.Otherwise，our team ______ our success at this moment.(celebrate)
我缺席了比赛，否则，此刻我们队就在庆祝我们的成功了。
7．As a straight A student，he couldn't stand ______ cheating in the exam.(accuse)
作为一名优秀的学生，他忍受不了被指控考试作弊。
8．Not only______，but also a large sum of money should be invested to solve the problem.(measure)
不仅要采取措施，还要投入大量的资金才能解决这个问题。
9．When he took out the present______，I let out a cry.(look)
当他拿出我之前一直期待的礼物时，我发出一阵惊呼声。
10．______ to ask for his permission since I am in charge of the project.(need)
既然我负责这个项目，就没有必要获得他的许可。
(三)
1．Small quantities of the socalled “rubber eggs”______ on the market in dozens of regions across China in recent weeks.(appear)
据报道，最近几周在中国一些地区的市场上出现了少量被称做“橡皮蛋”的鸡蛋。
2．After a day at work，it's essential that ______ to relax your mind and reduce your stress.(need)
在一天的工作之后，你需要花点时间来放松并缓解压力。
3．______ in a restaurant，I asked if I could take a photo with him.(spot)
看到他在一家餐厅用餐，我问他可否和他合影。
4．You might figure that if you do good work，you don't need ______.(fire)
你可能认为只要在工作中表现出色就不用担心被开除。
5．Only when the quarrel was over______ I hadn't been so critical.(wish)
只有当争吵完了之后我才希望自己当初不是那么挑剔。
6．______，we may as well make the most of it to get the hang of English culture.(get)
既然我们有这个机会我们不妨充分利用它来了解英国文化。
7．A team of scientists concluded that the easier a person's name was to say，______.(promote)
一些科学家得出结论说，一个人的名字越容易念，他就能越快得到提升。
8．Experts point out that parents should avoid telling fairy tales ______ terrified.(make)
专家们指出，父母应该避免给孩子讲会使他们感到害怕的童话故事。
9．I think that if we had encouraged him to have another try，things ______.(different)
我想，假如我们鼓励他再试试，事情就会不一样。
10．With all flights ______ because of the weather，many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(cancel)
因为天气原因，所有航班都取消了，很多乘客只好坐火车。
(四)
1．All too often，global development means that rich people get richer，______.(while)
全球化的发展往往意味着富人更有钱，穷人更穷。
2．You have no idea ______ to take every chance to live life to the fullest.(how)
你不知道，充分利用一切机会让自己的生活更加充实，这对我们来说有多重要。
3．In such a low voice ______ that it was impossible to make out exactly what he was trying to convey to us.(speak)
他说话的声音太小，简直不可能弄清楚他要向我们传达什么信息。
4．In the last few years，the independent recruitment exams ______ the chances of top students being admitted by famous universities.(increase)
在过去的几年里，自主招生考试增加了优秀学生被名校录取的机会。
5．It was _______________ that he began to prepare the test papers.It is typical of him to do so.(approach)
直到限期临近，他才开始准备试题，这是他一贯的行事作风。
6．When ______ to all those celebrating the Lunar New Year，US President Obama called it “a time for celebration and hope”．(offer)
在向欢度农历新年的人们表达他最美好的祝福时，美国总统奥巴马说这是“欢庆和希望的时刻”。
7．______ was that I found my house broken into when I got back.(surprise)
令我惊讶的是，回去的时候我发现自己的房子被人闯入了。
8．If my mother ______ on time，I would not have missed the school bus.(wake)
如果妈妈按时叫醒我，我就不会错过校车了。
9．In the terrible fifteen minutes，a large city lay in ruins，with bricks covering the ground like ______ in the autumn.(fall)
在那可怕的15分钟里，一座大城市变成了一片废墟，断壁残垣像秋天的落叶一样遍地都是。
10．I ______ the ring，but I didn't have enough money then.(buy)
我本来要买那枚戒指的，可我当时钱不够。
(五)
1．______ turning on the air conditioner while the wind's blowing in through the window.(point)
有风从窗户吹进来，就没有必要开空调了。
2．It is the most instructive lecture ______ since I came to this school.(attend)
这是自从到这个学校以来我听过的最有教育意义的讲座了。
3．______ over the past 40 years tells us that a sound and stable China－U.S.relationship is vital for both countries.(happen)
过去40年所发生的事情告诉我们，中美关系健康稳定的发展对两国至关重要。
4．As the summer vacation is approaching，it's high time ______ some training courses for their children.(pick)
暑假快到了，到了父母为孩子挑选培训班的时候了。
5．______ China successfully sent up Shenzhou8 into space？(when)
中国究竟是什么时候成功地发射了神舟八号的？
6．You can't imagine______ it was when the tsunami attacked after the earthquake if you haven't seen it with your own eyes.(experience)
如果你没有亲眼所见，你想象不到地震后海啸袭来是多么可怕的经历。
7．The boy is very excited today，because by this time tomorrow he ______ who he hasn't seen for two years.(meet)
那男孩今天很兴奋，因为到明天这个时候他就能见到两年没见的妈妈了。
8．______ for over two hours by the traffic jam on the way to the airport and missing the flight made both the tourists and the travel agency embarrassed.(delay)
在去机场途中被拥堵两个多小时而延误了航班使游客和旅行社很尴尬。
9．Just as a song says，the more we get together，______.(happy)
正如一首歌里唱的那样，我们相聚的越多，我们就越高兴。
10．Tom，who had witnessed the whole course of the accident，kept quiet about it ______ his job.(lose)
汤姆目睹了事故的全过程，但保持沉默，以免失去他的工作。
(六)
1．Short days，miserable weather and a lack of cash.______ January is the worst month for him.(wonder)
昼短夜长，天气阴冷，还缺钱花，难怪一月对于他来说是最糟糕的一个月份。
2．______ changes quickly may have more opportunities to succeed in this competitive world.(adapt)
在这个竞争激烈的世界，能够快速适应变化的人或许有更多的成功机会。
3．______，he leads a busy life with no time to sit there feeling sorry for himself.(as)
尽管他有残疾，但他过着繁忙的生活，没有时间坐在那里为自己感到难过。
4．I hope we can see the microblog as a window ______ each other and also to the English language and its culture.(close)
我希望我们能够把微博看做一扇窗口，通过它我们可以拉近彼此的距离并更深层次地接触到英语语言和文化。
5．It was not until his son dared to fight against him ______ he should have educated his son earlier.(realize)
直到他的儿子敢和他对打的时候他才意识到他本该早点教育他的。
6．It rained for three weeks on end，completely ______.(ruin)
雨连续不断地下了三个星期，彻底毁了我们的假期。
7．If he had not broken the rules last week，he ______，which made her mother sad.(punish)
要是上周他没有违反纪律，他就不会受惩罚，这使他妈妈很伤心。
8．So much homework______ that we didn't have a minute to take a rest.(do)
我们不得不做这么多的家庭作业，一分钟的休息时间都没有。
9．In area，Australia is approximately the same size as the USA，which，however，has a population ______ as Australia.(large)
在面积方面，澳大利亚和美国差不多大，但美国的人口是澳大利亚的四倍。
10．______ Beijing University makes her parents extremely happy.(admit)
她已考取北京大学，这使得她的父母非常高兴。
专题四 完成句子
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
71．more and more forests/trees (being) cut down
72．regarded as one of the best
73．what it was
74．does she care (about)
75．would not have missed
76．hard/much I (had) tried
77．will/would be put on
78．asking for leave (first)
79．different from/than that
80．what they appear (to be)
创新模拟·预测演练
(一)
1．how it was
2．have been painting
3．did he put forward
4．but to hand in
5．if (it is) taken
6．where they belong
7．being settled
8．would have got lost
9．how tired we felt
10．has been invited
(二)
1．he (should)consult
2．to have been rebuilt
3．that impressed
4．running out
5．that (their) parents will accompany
6．would be celebrating
7．being accused of
8．should measures be taken
9．which I had been looking forward to
10．There is no need
(三)
1．are reported to have appeared
2．you need some time
3．Spotting him eating
4．to worry about being fired
5．did I wish
6．Now that/Since we've got the chance
7．the more quickly he was promoted
8．that/which will make their children
9．would have been different
10．(having been) cancelled
(四)
1．while the poor get poorer
2．how important it is for us
3．did he speak
4．have increased
5．not until the deadline approached或not until the approach of the deadline
6．offering his best wishes
7．What surprised me或What made me surprised
8．had woken me up
9．fallen leaves
10．would have bought
(五)
1．There is no point (in)
2．(that) I have attended
3．What has happened
4．that parents picked out或that parents should pick out
5．When was it that
6．what a terrible experience或how terrible an experience
7．will have met his mother
8．Being delayed
9．the happier we'll be
10．(so as/ in order) not to lose
(六)
1．It is no wonder that或No wonder that
2．Whoever can adapt to
3．Disabled as he is
4．through which we can get closer to
5．that he realized
6．ruining our holiday
7．wouldn't have been punished
8．did we have to do
9．four times as large
10．That she has been admitted to或Being admitted to