2016年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版
专题二、代词和数词
真题试做
1.(2012·课标全国高考)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but______of them wants to,because they have work to do.
A.either
B.any
C.neither
D.none
2.(2012·北京高考)Many people have donated that type of blood; however,the blood bank needs ______.
A.some
B.less
C.much
D.more
3.(2012·上海高考)When he took his gloves off,I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.
A.each
B.every
C.other
D.another
4.(2012·课标全国高考)This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as
B.as half good as
C.as good as half
D.good as half as
5.(2012·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu,I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald's .
A.those
B.ones
C.any
D.all
考向分析
1.对代词的考查重在代词的指代作用。高考试题的题干越来越复杂、语意越来越难理解,隐含信息多,需要结合特定语言环境中上下文的联系,通过题目所蕴含的逻辑关系来明确代词的指代范围。
2.不定代词的用法是考查的重点之一。要注意否定意义的不定代词和肯定意义的不定代词的区别;要明确表示整体意义和个体意义的代词的不同。
3.it,that,those,one,ones等几个替代词的应用是近几年命题的热点。要从替代可数名词还是不可数名词、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指等几个方面着手考虑,结合语境作出正确选择。
4.it可以表示时间、天气、距离等,还可用作形式主语或形式宾语。
5.注意由数词构成的合成形容词的构成方式及其作用。同时,倍数在比较句型中的应用偶有出现,不可忽视。
热点例析
考点一:人称代词的用法
人称代词有人称、数和格的不同。主格在句中作主语或表语;宾格在句中作宾语,但在口语中也能作表语。在省略句中单独使用或在not 后,多用宾格。如:
—I like English.
—Me too.
—Have more wine?
—Not me.
【典例分析】(2010·四川高考)On my desk is a photo that my father took of ______ when I was a baby.
A.him
B.his
C.me
D.mine
答案为C项。根据短语take a photo / picture of sb.以及后面从句的主语可知,应选C项。
考点二:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
1.both,either,neither 用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。 如:
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.
All (of)the milk is there
Every student in our school works hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.
每个学生都可有一本书。
Each of them has an edictionary./ They each have an edictionary.
【典例分析】(2012·江苏高考)Sophia waited for a reply,but ______ came.
A.either
B.another
C.neither
D.none
答案为D项。either和neither用于两者,范围错误;another意为“另一个”,不合句意;答案为D项,none表示 “一个也没有”。句意:索菲亚等待着答复,但是没有等到任何答复。
考点三:some和any的用法
1.表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句;any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如:
If you have any questions,please ask me.
2.在疑问句中可用some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如:
Would you like some coffee?
3.some可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。 如:
I remember having read this article in some magazine.
Here are three novels.You may read any.
【典例分析】Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn't answer ______ of them.
A.other
B.any
C.none
D.some
答案为B项。所选的词应与not构成全部否定,四个选项中只有any与not可以构成全部否定,相当于none,故选B项。
考点四:复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn't anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip,register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。 如:
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。
【典例分析】(2012·福建高考)—Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
—$4,000,or ______ like that.
A.anything
B.everything
C.something
D.nothing
答案为C项。anything意为“任何事情”;everything“一切事情”;something“某事,某物,大致,左右”;nothing“没有事情,无物”。根据空前的$4,000可知此处应用something表示不确切的数量,something like that“大致如此”。
(2011·全国高考)I got this bicycle for ______:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A.everything
B.something
C.anything
D.nothing
答案为D项。根据My friend gave it to me可知,我白白得到了这辆自行车,因此用nothing;get sth.for nothing表示“白白得到某物”。
考点五:other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
1.other和the other通常作定语用;others和the others通常作主语、宾语或表语用。如:
He is willing to help others / other people.
2.other和others用作泛指,没有明确的范围;the other和the others为特指,有一定的范围。如:
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students / The others have not.
3.在句型one...the other...(用于两者)中,the other可用作主语或宾语;在some...others (other...)句型中虽有一定范围,但other(s)前不用冠词。如:
Some of us like football,and others are fond of basketball.
4.another为泛指,与单数名词连用。但another后可跟few或带数字的复数名词,相当于a few或数字加more再加复数名词。如:
We need another five chairs / five more chairs.
【典例分析】(2010·全国高考)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and ______ half learning drawing.
A.another
B.the other
C.other's
D.other
答案为B项。若将事物分为两部分,其中的另一部分需要用the other来表示。题中意思是“用一半的假期时间练习英语,另一半的时间学习画画”。
考点六:none与no one的用法
1.none意为“一个(点)也没有”,既可指人,也可指物,可对how many和how much的提问作出简略回答。如:
—How much water is there in the bottle?
—None.
2.no one意为“没有人,没有谁”,一般指人,可用来回答who提出的问题。如:
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one.
3.none后常接of介词短语,但no one和nobody一样后面不接of介词短语。如:
None of the students are / is afraid of difficulties.
【典例分析】(2012·江西高考)My brother would like to buy a good watch but ______ was available from that shop.
A.nothing
B.none
C.no one
D.neither
答案为B项。句意:我哥哥想买一块好的手表,但那家商店没有一款适合的。nothing表示“什么也没有”;no one只能指代人;题干中没有表明那家商店只有两款手表,所以排除neither;答案为none,表示“一个也没有”。
考点七:it的用法
1.it可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.
It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.
It's very quiet at the moment.
2.it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如:
It's important for us to learn a second language.
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
【典例分析】(2012·四川高考)New technologies have made______possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
答案为D项。分析句子结构,have made的宾语是to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost,所以应选it作形式宾语。句意:新的技术使得在高效能低成本的前提下生产新的产品成为可能。
(2011·江西高考)Why don't you bring ______ to his attention that you're too ill to work on?
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.him
答案为B项。句意:为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去?it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。
考点八:it,that,those,one,ones表示替代的用法
1.it用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词,属于“同名同物”的替代。也可替代前面提到的某种情况或某个动作以避免重复。it还可在have/take/like/hate/hide/appreciate/depend on等后作形式宾语,代替后面的宾语从句或不定式短语。如:
I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it代替my pen)
I hate it in summer when it is hot.
2.that用来替代前面出现过的特指的单数可数名词或者特指的不可数名词,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”,属于“同类异物”的替代,that后一般有限定成分。如:
The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代替the weather,后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)
“the+单数可数名词”可以用that代替,用the one来代替更为常见。如:
The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代替the book,后有定语从句 I bought last week修饰)
3.those代替前面出现的可数名词复数以避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones 通用。如:
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those/the ones of the poor.
4.one只能替代前面出现过的可数名词单数,是泛指概念,相当于“a/an+单数可数名词”,属于“同类异物”的替代。如:
I lost my pen yesterday.I will buy one.(one代替a pen)
The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(the one代替the film,后有定语从句I saw yesterday修饰)
5.ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数。the ones表示特指,常相当于those。如:
I do not like green apples.I like red ones.(ones代替apples)
【典例分析】(2012·辽宁高考)If you're buying today's paper from the stand,could you get______ for me?
A.one
B.such
C.this
D.that
答案为A项。句意:如果你从摊上买今天的报纸,能给我捎一份吗?one用来替代上文提到的可数名词单数a paper(一份报纸),表示泛指。that表示特指不合题意。
(2011·福建高考)We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose ______ based on your own interests.
A.either
B.each
C.one
D.it
答案为C项。one代替单数可数名词,表示泛指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”,此处one泛指某个summer camp。句意:在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。
误区警示
1.形式主语和形式宾语的误用
(2012·陕西高考)No matter where he is,he makes ______ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A.him
B.this
C.that
D.it
【错混透析】D 在动词makes后面,it作形式宾语,to go for a walk before breakfast 是真正的宾语,故选D项。句意:无论在哪儿,他总是习惯在早餐前出去散步。受汉语意思的影响,该题易误选this或that。
【解题指导】英语中形式主语和形式宾语只能由it充当,不能使用this、that等。
2.不定代词范围判断错误
(2012·重庆高考)— John,when shall we meet again,Thursday or Friday?
— ______.I'll be off to London then.
A.Either
B.Neither
C.Both
D.None
【错混透析】B 第一句要求对Thursday和Friday进行选择,而第二句中“I'll be off to London then.”清楚地表明了那两天都不行,所以选择neither表示“两者都不”。either表示“(两者之中)任何一个都行”;both表示“两者都”;none表示“(三者及以上)都不”。句意:——约翰,什么时候我们再见面,周四还是周五?——那两天都不行。在那期间我要到伦敦去。如果忽视了Thursday or Friday,该题易误选D项。
【解题指导】either,both,neither,any,all与none的用法:
(1)either意为“两者中的任何一个”,表示肯定意义。
(2)both意为“两者都”,表示对两者的肯定。
(3)neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”,表示对两者的否定。
(4)any意为“(多者中)任何之一”,表示肯定意义。
(5)all意为“(多者)全部都”,表示对多者的全部肯定。
(6)none意为“(多者中的)任何一个都不”,表示对多者的全部否定。
3.other/the other/others/the others/another的用法误区
(2011·陕西高考)—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen,dear?
—______ one?
A.Other
B.Every
C.Another
D.More
【错混透析】C 句意:“亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?”“还要吃一块吗?”another 与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another three chairs;other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one more apple,two other boys。
【解题指导】other/the other/others/the others/another的用法:
(1)从功能上看,other,the other和another通常作定语用,而others和the others通常作主语、宾语或表语。
(2)从范围上看,other,others和another用作泛指,没有明确的范围,而the other和the others为特指,有一定的范围。
(3)another意为“(多者中的)另一个”,表示泛指。
(4)one...the other...用于两者,the other可用作主语或宾语;some...others (other)...句型中虽有一定范围,但other(s)前通常不用冠词;another后可跟few或带数字的复数名词,相当于a few或数字加more再加复数名词。
1.Our bedrooms are all on the sixth floor,______ with its own bathroom.
A.all
B.every
C.either
D.each
2.(2012·皖北联考)If you see this problem only from one side or ______,you will be blind to the truth.
A.others
B.other
C.any other
D.the other
3.(2012·江南十校联考)—What do you think of the 2012 Spring Festival Party?
—Well,great!But I don't think much of ______held last year.
A.the one
B.it
C.one
D.which
4.(2012·宿州三模)—I am leaving for school,Dad.
—Here's some money.Get yourself a sandwich or ______for breakfast.
A.everything
B.something
C.anything
D.nothing
5.(2012·银川一中一模)Talking with Premier Wen face to face was an unforgettable moment,______ the lowincome families always treasure.
A.it
B.that
C.what
D.one
6.(2012·辽宁大连双基测试)—Which kind of movies do you like best?
—______.You see,they are boring as well as unrealistic.
A.Either
B.All
C.Neither
D.None
7.—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was ______?
—______ was in 2000 ______ he was in middle school.
A.that;It;when
B.this;This;that
C.that;This;when
D.that;It;that
8.(2012·哈尔滨三中一模)How could they reach an agreement?Some said one thing,but ______,______.
A.other;another
B.others;another
C.others;the other
D.the others;others
9.The medium believes the price of petrol will rise by more than ______ two percent.
A.other
B.another
C.any other
D.the other
10.(2012·湖北黄冈月考)—Which of the three optional courses did you like best,Joe?
—To tell you the truth,I didn't like ______ of them.
A.either
B.both
C.any
D.neither
11.Japan's first lady said on Wednesday she would not marry Premier Naoto Kan again in ______ life.[
A.other
B.others
C.the other
D.another
12.(2012·江南十校联考)Chery,a car maker in Anhui Province,sold nearly 700,000 units in 2011,with the total value ______ it was in 2005.
A.more than three times what
B.three more times than that
C.over three times than that
D.over three times of that
13.(2012·芜湖一中最后一卷)I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite.Tom,go and buy ______ back.
A.one
B.any
C.it
D.some
14.(2012·北京综合测试)Good news!The price of all those secondhand goods is ______ before.
A.30% as lower as
B.30% lower than
C.lower 30% than
D.as 30% low as
15.He feels relaxed and even begins to whistle because ______ of the distance ______ covered.
A.three fifth;were
B.three fifth;was
C.three fifths;have been
D.three fifths;has been
代词和数词
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
1.C 考查代词。either和neither用于两者,any和none用于三者以上,根据Bill and Peter可知应排除B、D两项;句中but表示转折,所以应选否定意义的C项,此处表示“但是他们(两人)没有想去的”。
2.D 考查代词。句意:很多人捐献了那种血型,但是血库需要更多。根据句意可知选D项。
3.A 考查代词。句意:当他摘下手套时,我注意到他每只手心都写有自己的名字。each可以指代两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,every和another指代三者或三者以上,other后面要接可数名数复数形式。综上所述只有A项正确。
4.A 考查比较句型。如果表示两个饭店一样好,应用as good as,在比较句型中,程度状语应放在第一个as或比较级之前,所以答案为A项。
5.A 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,代词those在此处替代前面出现的many of the items,注意类比的对象一定要在数上保持一致。
创新模拟·预测演练
1.D 根据后面的its可排除all;根据句中的all可排除用于两者的either;every只能作定语,故排除;此处应选each,与后面的介词短语构成独立结构,表示“每一个卧室都带有自己的卫生间”。
2.D 考查代词。句意:如果你仅从一面或者另一面来看这个问题,你就看不到真相。事物有正反两面,故用the other 表示另外一面
3.A 考查代词。此处the one 特指去年的春节联欢晚会。
4.B 考查代词。句意:给你一些钱。给自己买一个三明治或者什么的当早餐。something为不定代词,指某种东西,其他选项均不合题意。
5.D 考查代词。句意:和温总理面对面交流是一个令人难忘的时刻,这是一个低收入家庭永远珍惜的时刻。这里需要用one来指代前面的an unforgettable moment,并非特指,所以答案为D项。what用来引导名词性从句和特殊疑问句,应排除;it和that均用于特指用法,所以不符。
6.D 考查代词。根据前面问句中的best可知,这里的电影应该是三部或以上,所以排除A项和C项。另外,再根据后面的句子可知,回答者认为这些电影既无聊又不现实,所以应该是不认可这些电影,答案为D项。
7.A 考查代词。根据句意可知,第一空需要用that指代前面提到的溺水事件;分析句子结构可知,最后一句话应该是强调句式,即It is/was+被强调部分+that从句。但是强调句的从句被省略掉了,补全则为:It was...school that he was nearly drowned once.由此可知第二空应该用It;第三空考查定语从句,先行词为2000,且在从句中作时间状语,所以用when来引导。综上所述答案为A项。
8.B 考查代词。句意:他们怎么可能达成一致呢?一些人说的是一件事,其他人说的则是另外一件事。“其他人或物(复数)”要用others或other+名词,而“另外一个人或物(单数)”用another,所以答案为B项。
9.B 考查代词。句意:媒体认为石油价格的上涨将会再突破两个百分点。another表示“另一,又一”符合题意;other需要接复数名词,应排除;any other “任何其他的”和the other “两者中的另一个”均不符合题意。
10.C 因为上文提到的是“三”门选修课,所以表示两者关系的A、B、D项都不对。any表示“(多者中的)任何一个”。
11.D 句意:日本第一夫人在星期三说:如果有来世,她不会嫁给菅直人首相。此处in another life意为“来世,来生”。
12.A 考查倍数表达法。句意:奇瑞,安徽省的一家汽车厂,2011年卖了将近70万辆车,总价值是2005年的3倍多。此处what 引导宾语从句,并在宾语从句中作表语,that 引导宾语从句时在从句中不作成分,故选A项。
13.C 句意:我刚才看见对面书店里只有一本《飘》。汤姆,你去把它买回来。it 指代上文提到的那个事物。
14.B 考查数词。在比较级中要把倍数或百分数等置于形容词(或副词)比较级前,所以排除C项;as...as结构中则需要用形容词(或副词)原形,且需要把倍数或百分数放在第一个as前面,所以排除A项和D项。
15.D three fifths表示“五分之三”;“分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致,此处of后的名词distance是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数,因此选D项。