2016高考英语二轮（阅读理解）金品训练（06）及答案
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
[语篇解读] 人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。
1．When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it________.
A. faces danger
B. has breeding rights
C. eats its competitor
D. leaves the group itself
[解析] 推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。
[答案] A
2．The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.
A. the fish beaten up
B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up
D. the fish driven away
[解析] 猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。
[答案] D
3．The experiment showed that the smaller fish________.
A. fought over a feast
B. went on diet willingly
C. preferred some extra food
D. challenged the boss fish
[解析] 事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。
[答案] B
4．What is the text mainly about?
A. Fish dieting and human dieting.
B. Dieting and health.
C. Human dieting.
D. Fish dieting.
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。
[答案] D
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A
41．Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? A．To build massive complexes for public amusement. B．To prevent possible damages to the National Park. C．To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local school.
42. One of the benefits for members of Friends is to_________ . A. have Friends’ goods free of charge B. visit any place not open to the public C. take part in work parties if they want to D. give talks in their fields on current issues
43.The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to_______________. A. raise money for the Friends organization B. join the Friends organization and be members of it C. work as managers for Pembroke shire National Park D. enjoy the landscape of Pembroke shire National Park
B
Mapping Your World
Different forms of maps are appearing. They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting, from the official to the unusual. Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world. Here are two of our favorites;
Green Maps
Green Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons（图标）,making it easy to read any map ,whatever the nationalities of those who produce it . At present there are over five hundred Map projects being developed in 54 countries Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global, map local” .It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of a place , ranging from community garden to good places of bird watching.
Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website.
Maps Mashups
Many people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Maps Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Sites are, to the most bizarre （古怪的），such as where America’s munkest cities are. With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered (多层的) map can be created.
44.. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?
A. Aiming at environmental protection.
B. Introducing local attractions with icons.
C. Offering advice to independent travelers.
D. Collecting icons worldwide for local maps.
45. Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?
46. Map Mashups is named with the word “mashups” because
A. it is produced by users all over the world
B. it gathers various kinds of information
C. it shares icons with Green Maps
D. it is a branch of Google Maps
47.What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?
A. They are created by local people.
B. They are environmentally friendly.
C. Users can edit maps on the Internet.
D. Users need to communicate with produces.
C
An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.
The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.
In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.
Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York , where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
As Nancy points out , the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process. or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.
48. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy? A. To invite authors to guide readers. B. To encourage people to read and share. C. To involve people in community service. D. To promote the friendship between cities.
49. Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project? A. They had little interest in reading. B. They were too busy to read a book. C. They came from many different backgrounds D. They lacked support from the local government
50. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out? A. In large communities with little sense of unity B. In large cities where libraries are far from home C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached
51.The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 7 probably mean A. exchanged ideas with each other B. discussed the meaning of a word C. gained life experience D. used the same language
52. According to Nancy, the degree of success of the project is judged by A. the careful selection of a proper book B. the growing popularity of the writers C. the number of people who benefit from reading. D. the number of books that each person reads.
D
Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in a bid to cut the emission of greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo farts contain no methane（甲烷）and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who emit large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack pushing out carbon dioxide, livestock passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries.
"Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric methane from cattle and sheep," said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.
"And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they're actually up around 50 percent," he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also makes the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
The idea is controversial（争议）, but about 20 percent of health conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
"It's low in fat, it's got high protein levels and it's very clean in the sense that basically it's the ultimate free range animal（）," said Peter Ampt of the University of New South Wales's institute of environmental studies.
53. According to the passage, global warming is now mainly caused by _____ .
A. methane
B. carbon dioxide
C. livestock passing wind
D. not mention in this passage
54. What does the underlined phrase “the idea”（paragraph 9）refer to?
A. Australians should give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep.
B. The bacteria could make the digestive process much more efficient.
C. Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
D. The bacteria could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
55. Some Australians begin to eat kangaroos because _____.
A. The kangaroos’ farts（）contain no methane
B. The kangaroos have a special bacteria
C. The kangaroos are the national symbol in Australia
D. The kangaroos are low in fat and high in protein
56. How will Australian scientists solve the problem of global warming?
A. Eating more kangaroos.
B. Killing more cattle and sheep.
C. Letting cattle and sheep pass less wind.
D. Transferring the special bacteria in kangaroos’ stomachs to cattle and sheep.
E
The next generation telephone is called Superphone or personal Communication Network (PCN). Your superphone goes wherever you go, in your pocket. You can use it in the street, in an aeroplane, a boat, or a taxi; you can call from anywhere on the globe to anywhere else. Calls travel at the speed of light, via satellites using ultraviolet, high-frequency wave bands and each communication is automatically billed to your account.
This new phone is the size and shape of a billfold(皮夹). You unfold it to use it., making it long enough to reach from your ear to your mouth. There is a miniaturized touch pad, on which to enter the number you are calling. There is also a tiny liquid crystal screen on which you can read weather, news or financial reports. These news items are constantly updated by the company that sells the service. Letter keys on the touch pad also allow you to use this electronic marvel as a computer or word processor. You can plug it into your large home or office computer in order to transfer any data that you feed in during a business trip. The PCN also stores any useful information of your own that you might need as you travel, such as the names, addresses and phone numbers of several hundred people, important meetings, flight details and so on. When you need information, you simply call it up on the screen. You can even use your PCN to activate electronically controlled equipment at home. For example, you could switch your oven on or off, start the sprinkler system in your garden during a dry spell, get your video recorder to record a show on television, turn off the central heating, and so on. All of this from thousands of miles away, perhaps from the back of a camel in the desert. Prototypes are already being trialed. In spite of the complex technology, they will be cheap because of the enormous sales that will be made.
The Superphone system ______________
has a very wide coverage of signals.
deducts fees directly from users’ bank account.
offers a nearly free communicating service
requires people to speak quickly
The next generation telephone doesn’t own the function of ______
A. a computer
B. a billfold
C. a word processor
D. a communication device
59. The author’s intention in mentioning “from the back…the desert” is to _________
A. show the great impact of the new phone on the world
B. emphasize the strong remote control function of the new phone
C. demonstrate how to operate the new phone in such places
D. show travelers’ affection for the new phone
60. The author may agree that ________
A. the new phone’s technology is too complex to be generalized
B. the new phone is still commercially unappetizing.
C. the new phone has been put into volume production
D. the new phone has excellent prospects in market.
参考答案
41-45ACBBB
46-50 BC BCD
51-55 ACDCD
56-60D ABBD
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