2016年陕西省高考英语二轮复习题型技法指导专题六：信息匹配

　　2016年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版题型技法指导

　　专题六　信息匹配

　　真题试做

　　（一）

　　（2012·陕西高考）

　　A．Be well­organised.

　　B．Close with a Q & A.

　　C．Don't be contradictory.

　　D．Bring it to a specific end.

　　E．Speak slowly and pause.

　　F．Drop unnecessary words.

　　Speaking to a group can be difficult，but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing.Don't want to confuse your audience？Follow these suggestions：

　　1．

　　When it comes to understanding new information，the human brain needs a little time.First，we hear the words；then，we compare the new information to what we already know.If the two are different，we need to pause and think.But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe.

　　2．

　　Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions，which is very difficult to follow.When you confuse your listeners with opposing information，you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember.Instead of relying on keeping correcting yourself，work to get the facts clear and straight.

　　3．

　　Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus（责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation.And it's confusing for them to listen，reorganise，and figure out what you're saying all at once.But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily.You can arrange things from beginning to end，small to large，top to bottom or by some other order.Just be sure to organise.

　　4．

　　Repeated use of um，ah，like，you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared，and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can't pay attention.Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes.Was anybody grasping the intended message？Um，probably not.

　　5．

　　Many speakers finish up their speeches with question­and­answer（Q & A）sessions，but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end.The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave.Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions，and close your speech with a specific signal—even if it's something simple like，“If you have any more questions，you know where to reach me.”

　　Or even more to the point，conclude your speech with“Thanks for your time.”

　　（二）

　　（2012·上海高考）

　　A．When a child should learn to read

　　B．Why it is fun to teach a child reading

　　C．What if a child has reading problems

　　D．How you prepare a young child for reading

　　E．What is the best way to teach a child reading

　　F．Whether reading early promises later achievements

　　1．

　　Learning to read early has become one of those indicators—in parents' minds at least—that their child is smart.In fact，reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child.In some cases，there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.

　　2．

　　Traditionally，American schools teach children at age six，but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre­kindergarten.If parents start too early to encourage reading，and a child does not immediately succeed，the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.

　　3．

　　Over the years，research has proved that the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic”method works best for a child to master reading.While the whole language approach，which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading，is helpful，phonics must be taught.Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”．Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.

　　4．

　　You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children.Besides reading to them，parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games.This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds.In reading to children，parents also can point to words as they go，teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying.All this should be a fun activity.

　　5．

　　Once a child is in school，the learning of reading is inevitably more serious.For children who have some kind of reading difficulty，you must get a professional diagnosis.While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it，disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things，some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on.But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.

　　考向分析

　　“信息匹配题”出现在阅读理解第二节，主要考查考生对文章整体内容把握及对段落大意的归纳和概括能力。这道题既考查了考生的快速阅读能力，又考查了考生获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的综合运用英语的能力。其具体特点如下：

　　1．选文以说明文或议论文为主，其材料基本保留了原有的语言风格，因此词汇量较大；文章较长（400词左右），所含信息量也很大。

　　2．文章结构简单，层次分明，每段谈论一个问题，中心明确，大多段落有中心句。

　　3．选项简明扼要，主要以词数不多的短语或句子呈现。有一项为多余选项，并且个别选项之间有交叉重叠的部分，这就需要学生能够抓住主要信息或关键词语，对其进行区别辨析。

　　答题步骤

　　1．细读选项，抓关键信息点

　　六选五的答案选项只多出一项，并且给出的都是短语或句子，我们可以通过阅读选项，把选项中的关键词汇（名词，动词，形容词和副词等）标记出来，从而方便找出各段落和选项的匹配点。

　　2．通读全文，理清各段落间逻辑关系

　　通读全文，理清各段落之间的关系。阅读时要特别注意文章有没有标题，以及利用各段的首句和尾句抓住段落大意。

　　3．分析易混段落及选项，确定答案

　　有时个别选项和段落之间有一定的关联，甚至不容易区分。这时我们就应详细分析相关选项使其不同点无限扩大，同时可以回归文章主题。

　　4．复查匹配信息，确保无误

　　如果时间允许，可将所选的项目与段落再次进行对比、匹配，检查和避免一些疏漏和错误之处。

　　技法指导

　　1．阅读各段落时一定要抓住关键句，千万不要把注意力过多地放在一些生词上，应注意整体理解，同时注意各句之间的并列、转折、递进等关系。

　　2．先易后难，逐个解决

　　做此题时，由于其文体特点及考试的要求，考生可以先处理比较容易的段落，不必按部就班，拘泥于文章的段落顺序。

　　3．选一个划一个，减少干扰。同时可以缩小后面题的选择范围，提高做题的速度和准确性。

　　误区警示

　　（2012陕西省《考试说明》所附信息匹配样题）

　　根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

　　A．A careful analysis biologically

　　B．What is global warming？

　　C．Solution to the terrifying result

　　D．Greater danger of extinction

　　E．Many shocking things were found.

　　F．A shocking report

　　61．

　　The earth is getting warmer.People burn coal，oil and gas and this produces carbon dioxide，methane（沼气）and nitrous oxide.These gases，called “greenhouse gases”，prevent the heat of the sun from leaving the earth's upper atmosphere and this makes the earth warmer.

　　62．

　　A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.According to what they found，the scientists say that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will become extinct（灭绝）．More than a million plant and animal species（物种）will be extinct by 2050.

　　63．

　　More than 10% of all plants and animals will become extinct.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now，we could save many more plants and animals from extinction.

　　64．

　　The scientists studied some regions of the world with a very rich biology.These regions were Europe，Australia，Central and South America，and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill，to get cooler.In flat areas，such as deserts，plants and animals would have to move a very long distance to get cooler，so they are in greater danger of extinction.

　　65．

　　The scientists found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon become extinct.60% of the species in the Kruger National Park in South Africa would also die out，and more than 100% of the 300 South Africa plant species they studied would also become extinct.One of the plants in danger of extinction is the national flower of South Africa，the King Protea.They studied 163 tree species in the Cerrado region of Brazil and found that 70 would become extinct.Many of the plants and trees that live in this region live nowhere else in the world.In Mexico，they studied 1,870 species and found that more than 30% of these were in danger of extinction.

　　答案：BFCAE

　　错混辨析：

　　1．关键信息点词汇理解失误

　　62．F　首先要看到本段第一句话中的“report”一词可知本段介绍报告，接着文中提到一些数据，由这些数据可知，这是一个令人（shocking）震惊的报告，所以本段的主旨大意与F项匹配。D项有干扰，由于段落中出现了“dangerous”和“extinct”这两个词汇，而D项“Greater danger of extinction”（灭绝的巨大危险）中有和本段重合的词汇。但本段并未提及到具体的危险。

　　2．个别段落理解以偏概全

　　64．A　本段第一句就讲到有关生物方面的研究，再看看后面的研究报告中的分析，就可以断定本段的主旨大意是A项。本题易误选D项，虽然D项出现在本段最后一句，但不能概括本段的主旨。

　　65．E　快速浏览最后一段，可以发现里面有大量数据，而这些数据正是反映全球变暖所引起的物种大灭绝的可怕事实，所以本段主旨大意应该是E项。如果不细心思考，很可能会选D项，原因是最后一段中多次出现“extinct”和“extinction”。

　　（一）

　　（2012·西安八校联考）

　　A．The location of the green building

　　B．The attitude of the author to the green building

　　C．Green buildings will become popular in the future.

　　D．The definition of a green building

　　E．The development of the green building

　　F．The example of a green building

　　1．

　　These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint.Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses，factories，and offices.A green building means “reducing the impact（影响）of the building on the land”，Taryn Holowka of the U．S.Green Building Council in Washington，D.C.，said.

　　2．

　　According to Holowaka，buildings account for 65 percent of the total U．S.electricity use.But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also，the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways，so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment，because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land，so that the buildings don't destroy forests.

　　3．

　　Mary Dettling is a project manager for the building that put these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the country's first green high­rise building.According to Dettling，“We've reduced our energy use by one­third and our water by 50 percent”．The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition，the building has lots of windows，allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water using.

　　4．

　　Not everyone is eager to move into a green building，however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources.Anyhow，Holowaka said，“It's going to take off.”

　　5．

　　So I like a green building better than a common building because it can save a lot of energy such as electricity as well as water，though it will cost more money.I hope we human beings can enjoy a clean and comfortble natural environment.

　　（二）

　　（2012·陕西西工大附中模拟）

　　A．Decide to Be Happy

　　B．Lower Your Expectations

　　C．Learn to Enjoy the Moment

　　D．Look for the Good in Everything

　　E．Let People Deal with Their Own Problems

　　F．Focus More on What You Can Control Than on What You Can't

　　So many times I hear people say that they will be happy once a certain event occurs.They think that once they move into a new house，start their new job，travel or retire they will be happy.But it doesn't work that way.

　　If you truly want to be happy，here's what to do.

　　1．

　　You are not just a victim of circumstances or your emotions.Think about it this way.If you are in a horrible argument with someone，and the person you most respect enters the room，what will happen? The fighting will likely stop immediately，your mood will change，and so will your behavior.You do have control，and you are the one who decides how you will face the day!

　　2．

　　We are never disappointed unless we have expectations.If you base your emotions on the need for certain things to happen，you will likely be let down most of the time.Instead，work hard，and treat everything good that happens as a bonus for which you can be thankful.

　　3．

　　Don't get too wrapped up in issues involving friends or family.We are each responsible for our own lives，and even when someone makes a bad mistake，it is not up to you to make things better.And remember that worry doesn't help anyone!

　　4．

　　You might not be satisfied with your income，but there's no point complaining about it.Improve your diploma so that you can get a better job in the future.You may have an incurable illness，such as diabetes，but the fact that it's incurable doesn't mean that it cannot be managed.

　　5．

　　You don't have to be a pollyanna（盲目乐观者）about life，but you can see the bright side of almost every situation if you just make a point of looking for it.Happiness is not an uncatchable mouse！Once you have made up your mind that you are going to be happy despite what is going on around you，the task becomes easier.One of the key things to remember is that happiness doesn't come from outside but begins on the inside and actually spread outward，and can influence everyone around you in a positive manner.

　　（三）

　　A．Treasure every moment

　　B．What we always frustrate

　　C．There's no better time than right now

　　D．Time waits for no one

　　E．Life is limited

　　F．One of my favourite quotes

　　1．

　　We always convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married，have a baby，than another.Then we are frustrated that the kids aren't old enough and we'll be more content when they are.After that we're frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with.We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage.

　　2．

　　We always tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse gets his or her act together.When we get a nice car，and are able to go on a nice vacation when we retire.The truth is，there's no better time than right now.If not now，when? our life will always be filled with challenges.It's best to admit this to ourselves and decide to be happy anyway.

　　3．

　　One of my favorite quotes comes from Alfred Souza.He said，“For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin­real life.But there was always some obstacle in the way，something to be gotten through first，some unfinished business，time still to be served，a debt to be paid.

　　4．

　　Then life would begin.At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life.This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness.Happiness is the way.So treasure every moment that you have.

　　5．

　　And remember that time waits for no one.So stop waiting until you finish school，until you go back to school; until you get married，until you get divorced; until you have kids; until you retire; until you get a new car or home; until spring; until you are born again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.

　　Happiness is a journey，not a destination.So，work like you don't need money，love like you've never been hurt，And dance like no one's watching.

　　（四）

　　A．A short history of naming hurricanes

　　B．Make use of the hurricane energy

　　C．Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane

　　D．Huge energy stored in a hurricane

　　E．Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching

　　F．Different names for the same things

　　Hurricanes

　　1．

　　Did you know that before 1950，hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers.The first names were simply Alpha，Bravo，Charlie，etc.But in 1953，females names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms.In 1979，realizing the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.

　　2．

　　Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things.If they form in the Atlantic，we call these strong storms hurricanes，from the West Indian word hurricane，meaning “big wind”．And if they are Pacific storms，they are called typhoons from the Chinese “taifeng”，meaning “great wind”．To be classified as a hurricane，the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph.

　　3．

　　Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored­up energy.All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses（凝结）from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator（赤道）．To make a hurricane，you must have extremely wet，warm air，the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.

　　4．

　　Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour.In just one day alone，the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters.

　　5．

　　A hurricane moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.Some storms may race at twice this speed，then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days.It can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.The biggest advance in early prediction is continuous watch from weather satellites.With these，we can see the storms form and track them fully，from birth to death.While they can still kill people and destroy property，hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.

　　参考答案

　　专题六　信息匹配

　　命题调研·明晰考向

　　真题试做

　　（一）

　　1．E　本文主要为在公众场合如何提出一些实用的建议。从本段最后两句“But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe.”一个说话极快的人从不停歇让我们思考他所说的话这样只会令我们感到困惑。因此减慢语速，调整呼吸。可知选E项。

　　2．C　从本段最后一句“Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself，work to get the facts clear and straight.”不要依赖和不断地改正自己，要让事实清楚明了。可知大意为：不要前后矛盾。

　　3．A　从本段后两句 “You can arrange things from beginning to end，small to large，top to bottom or by some other order.Just be sure to organise.”可知应该很好地组织所讲内容。

　　4．F　从本段首句“Repeated use of um，ah，like，you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.”重复使用一些无用的诸如um，ah，like 及其他的词汇会使听众发疯。可知应该去掉不必要的词汇。

　　5．D　从第一句“Many speakers finish up their speeches with question­and­answer （Q & A） sessions，but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end.”很多演讲者使用问答式结束自己的内容，但却没有给出明确的结束语。这常常令听众困惑。

　　（二）

　　1．F　根据第二句话“In fact，reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.（事实上很早就学会阅读与孩子学业上是否成功几乎没有关系）”可知本段讨论的是很早就学会阅读是否以后就会成功。

　　2．A　根据第一句和最后一句话“让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习”可知讨论的是何时让孩子学习。

　　3．E　根据第一句话“‘全语法’和‘语音法’是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法”可知讨论的是教孩子阅读的最好方法。

　　4．D　本段第一句说“培养阅读技巧可以从小抓起”，第二句接着说“除了读给孩子听，还要通过做韵律诗游戏来‘训练耳力’”，综合这两句可知本段讨论的是如何为孩子的阅读展开准备工作。

　　5．C　根据本段第二句“孩子一旦在阅读上出现了困难，你就得找专家诊断”可知讨论的是孩子出现阅读问题，你该怎么办的问题。

　　创新模拟·预测演练

　　（一）

　　1．D　根据本段“A green building means...环保建筑的含义是．...”可知D项正确。

　　2．A　根据本段“Also，the buildings are often located....”以及“Green buildings are often built on...”可知本段介绍环保建筑的建造地点。

　　3．F　本段以“the Solaire”为例介绍环保建筑的优点。

　　4．C　根据本段“Anyhow，Holowaka said，‘It's going to take off.’”环保建筑将很快成功并受大家欢迎。

　　5．B　从本段“So I like....I hope...”可以看出主要陈述作者个人的态度。

　　（二）

　　1．A　从文章最后一句“You do have control，and you are the one who decides how you will face the day！”可知你自己才是决定你是否开心的人。

　　2．B　本段第一句话“We are never disappointed unless we have expectations.”可知我们总是失望是因为我们有期望，如果期望低我们就会开心。

　　3．E　本段第一句话“Don't get too wrapped up in issues involving friends or family.We are each responsible for our own lives...”不要总是卷入家人和朋友的事情中，我们自己应该为自己的生活负责。选E项。

　　4．F　本段第一句“You might not be satisfied with your income，but there's no point complaining about it.Improve your diploma...”“对自己收入不满，但是自己对此埋怨是没有意义的。提高自己的文凭……”可以看出对于无法改变的我们没必要伤神，而应从可以控制的方面着手。

　　5．D　从本段第一句“but you can see the bright side of almost every situation...”你可以看每一个情况它光明向上的一面。

　　（三）

　　1．B　根据本段“Then we are frustrated that...”可知本段是说人们往往感到不顺心的事情是什么。

　　2．C　根据本段“The truth is，there's no better time than right now.”再也没有比当下更好的时间段了。可知答案为C项。

　　3．F　根据首句“One of my favorite quotes...”我最喜欢的名言。

　　4．A　根据最后一句“So treasure every moment that you have.”珍惜每一刻。

　　5．D　根据第一句“And remember that time waits for no one.”时不我待，可知选D项。

　　（四）

　　1．A　根据本段重点时间“1950,1953,1979”及相关事例，可以看出主要介绍龙卷风命名的简要历史。

　　2．F　根据本段第一句“Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things.”龙卷风和台风是相同的事物。

　　3．D　根据本段第一句“Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored­up energy.”龙卷风的能源来自水蒸气散发的聚集能量。

　　4．C　根据本段最后一句“Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters.”可知选C项。

　　5．E　根据本段“The biggest advance in early prediction is continuous watch from weather satellites.” 来自气象卫星持续的观测已经成为对hurricane的早期预测的巨大进步。