2016高考英语 ---替代词易错点
近年来,高考中替代词的考查是单项填空题实词考点中的必考项之一。替代词用法灵活,形式酷似,语意交叉性强,易错性高,同时也是考生最发难的基础知识点之一。为了使考生进一步夯实基础,提升辨析能力,增强抗混淆度,现将替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those等其基本用法汇总于后,敬供商榷。
1.替代词one
替代词one用来替代与前面提到的“同类”人或物,只能指代单数可数名词,表示泛指。
例:Father gave me a very valuable present, one (= a present) that I had never seen.
父亲送了我一件非常珍贵的礼物,是件我从来没有见过的礼物。
2.替代词ones
替代词ones用来替代与前面提到的“同类”人或物,是one的复数形式,只能用于复数名词,表示泛指。
例:Our teacher gave me many toys, ones (= many ones) that were given away by the residents in Beijing.老师给了我很多礼物,是北京当地居民赠送的。
3.替代词the one
替代词the one用来替代与前面提到的表示特指的“同类”人或物,用于单数名词。但有时可用that来替换(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。
例:The book on the desk is better than the one (= the book) under the desk.
放在桌面上的那本书要比放在桌下的那本有趣得多。
4.替代词that
替代词that用来替代与前面提到的表示特指的“同类”人或物,指代单数可数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the + 单数/不可数名词”,其后常与定语连用。
例:Few pleasures can equal that (= the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么快乐能比上炎热的天气里一份冷饮所带来的快乐。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Fuzhou.
上海的人口比福州的人口多。
5.替代词the ones
替代词the ones用来替代与前面提到的表示特指的“同类”人或物,指代复数名词。但有时可用those来替换(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。
例:The boys don’t like the green apples, but they like the red ones.
这些男孩子不喜欢青苹果,而喜欢红苹果。
The magazines on the desk are better than those /the ones(= the books) on the shelf.
摆在桌子上的杂志比摆在书架上的杂志好。
6.替代词those
替代词those用来替代与前面提到的是“同类”,表示特指的人或物,是that的复数形式,相当于the ones或the + 复数名词,与后置定语连用。
例:The desks of our class are much newer than those of Class Two.
7.替代词it
替代词it用来替代与前面提到的表示特指的“同一”人或物,指代单数可数或不可数名词。复数形式是they,作主语;如果作宾语时,指代复数,则用them;指代单数,则用it。
例:Yesterday I bought a dictionary, and I like it very much.
昨天我买了一本字典,特喜欢。(指同一本字典)
综合上述,替代词用法各异,须认真分析其在句中的指代对象,确立指代意义,判定指代功能,这样,才能确保整个句子语义完善,指代分明,避免了逻辑混淆点,理顺了指代关系,以此为全面理解语篇而猎取了关键性的信息。
【经典演练】
1.One of the most important questions they had to consider was ___ of public health.
A. what
B. this
C. that
D. which
2. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get ___ completely free.
A. other
B. others
C. one
D. ones
3. --- I’ve read another book this week.
--- Well, maybe ___ is not how much you read but what you that counts.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
4. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy ___.
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
5. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with __ of their parents.
A. those
B. one
C. both
D. that
【答案与解析】
C
考查替代词that的用法。句意:他们考虑的最重要的问题之一就公众的健康问题。空白处指代前面提到过的question,且与后置定语of public health连用,表示指代“同类”的东西。由此判断,选项that正确。
C
考查替代词one的用法。句意:CD降价销售了,买一赠一。空白处指代前面提到过的a CD,表示指代“同类”的东西,由此判断,选项one正确。
D
考查it的活用。句意:---这星期我又看了一本书。---嗯,重要的是不在于你看了多少而是你看了些什么。测试强调句式与替代词it用法区别的辨析。本句是强调句,与替代词it无关。由此判断,选项it 正确。
B
考查替代词it的用法。句意:我喜欢前院带花园的房子,但没有钱买它。空白处指前面提到的房子,表示同一个房子。以此推断,选项it正确。
D
考查替代词that的用法。句意:大部分人认为,与自己父母相比,他们在教育孩子的方法上有很大的不同。空白处指代前面的approach,且有后置定语。以此推断,选项that正确。
【能力提升】
I prefer a flat in Inverness to ___ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom’s.
A. one
B. that
C. it
D. this
2.
--- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
--- When was _____?
--- _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; This
B. this; It
C. it; This
D. that; It
3.
--- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ___?
--- No, I’d rather buy ___ in the bookshop.
A. it; one
B. one; one
C. one; it
D. it; it
4.
The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ___ in the newspaper.
A. it
B. those
C. one
D. that
【答案与解析】
1.
A
考查替代词one的用法。句意:同在Perth的楼相比,我更喜欢买在Inverness的房子,因为那里我住得离妈妈就会近一些。空白处替代词表示同类楼房,且有后置定语,很显然,选项one正确。
2.
D
考查替代词辨析。句意:--- 他的第一本书出版了,非常畅销。--- 是什么时候的事?---是在2000年,当时他还在上大学。句意得知,第一空出指上文意义,应用that;第二空白处是强调句型,应用It,由此看来,选项D正确。
3.
A
考查替代词辨析。句意:---这本书图书管里还有一本,你去借吗?---不,我宁可去书店买一本。据句意得知,第一空白处指“同一”本书,应用it;而第二空白处指“同类”书,应用one,所以,选项A正确。
4.
D
考查替代词that的用法。句意:网上的信息要比报纸上的信息传播得快。据句意得知,空白处指前面提到的information,表示同类异物的不可数名词,由此推断,选项that正确。
上一篇: 2016高考英语状语从句中的缩略现象
下一篇: 2016高考英语书面表达提分秘笈
Burden of proof?
Underage interns found working at Foxconn factory
Candidates brace for final debate
Djokovic relishes latest chapter in friendly rivalry
Can’t say the same?
Kennedy cousin denied parole for killing girl in 1975
Drone bases will monitor seacoasts
Cold weather moves in to northern, eastern regions
Dragon capsule shoots for the stars
Artist searches for former nanny in Shanghai
Secret talks held over Diaoyu Islands
Coast guard actions 'worrisome'
Sharp rise in online sabotage
Rarest of whales washes up in NZ
Polite society?
Free bus rides offered to ease road congestion
Shenzhen Metro disruption leads to calls to ban Wi-Fi devices on subways
Passengers to surf Web in the sky
US officials back Japan alliance
Last word?
别误会这些英文(九)
Driver injured by protester sues Xi'an police
Mo Yan pens Nobel success story
China hit with back to work anxiety blues
Cardinal rule?
Not in her league?
Storm strands tourists at Great Wall, killing 3
Grad school graduates applying for menial jobs
Beijing has faith in EU efforts
Lost tourist spends month sleeping in station