高考9——创造发明
（时间：分钟）
维A 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)
高考曾用材料：2011陕西卷完形填空
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★
The town I live in is about to put cameras at all traffic lights to catch people who run red lights.It __1__ me of how many people I've seen who take the yellow light as a signal to go faster.I also can't __2__ why people don't move when the traffic light has turned green.Above all，there are those __3__ situations in which someone doesn't even __4__ that the light is red，and just keeps going；that is why so many accidents happen！All these situations make me __5__ about the purpose of traffic lights.
However，it's even more __6__ to imagine letting people make their own __7__ at crowded intersections (十字路口)．Do the biggest cars get to go first？Who decides who goes next？__8__ I guess I do like the idea of a system to __9__ traffic.And I'll do my best to __10__ the traffic rules：to go，to be __11__，and to stop when I'm supposed to.
It occurs to me that my __12__ have done much the same for me in __13__ of teaching me how to live.They have given me many __14__ lights：to get along well with others，to listen and talk to them，to help others，to live with __15__ and purpose.They have also given me some red lights so that my __16__ doesn't go astray (误入歧途)：not to be greedy (贪婪的)，to keep my temper (脾气)，to control my desires.And there also have been some yellow caution lights：to watch how much I drink，to keep control of my behavior，to __17__ school regularly and work hard.
If I obey these rules，my life will be as __18__ as it can be.Just as I'm wise to pay attention to the traffic lights when I'm walking __19__ the street，I'm wise to pay attention to the “life __20__” given to me by my parents.
【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议类记叙文。作者生活的小镇将要在各交通灯处安装摄像头以记录那些闯红灯的人。这件事引发了作者一系列的思考。有交通灯时，有人不懂规则，懂的人又不以为然，满不在乎；但作者想到若没有交通规则，就会更加危险，所以作者的结论是：设立交通灯是必要的，行人应该遵守交通规则。由此作者还想到了生活，想到父母在他的生活中也给了他三种指示灯，指引他的人生。
1．A.informs
B．reminds
C．suggests
D．indicates
答案 B [作者生活的小镇将要在各交通灯处安装摄像头以记录那些闯红灯的人。这件事引发了作者一系列的思考。remind“使某人想起……”，常用于remind sb of/about sth。inform“通知”；suggest“建议”；indicate“指示，表明”。故选B。]
2．A.realize
B．understand
C．clarify
D．remember
答案 B [作者想到，很多人在绿灯亮时却还站着不动，这些人是懂交通规则的，却满不在乎，作者觉得这些事不可理解。]
3．A.surprising
B．competitive
C．dangerous
D．exciting
答案 C [作者认为很危险的是那些不注意红灯的人，很多的交通事故也因此而发生。]
4．A.feel
B．stand
C．receive
D．notice
答案 D [黄灯和绿灯的情况谈完，作者谈到红灯。作者认为更危险的是没有注意红灯。]
5．A.dare
B．worry
C．complain
D．wonder
答案 D [三种颜色的交通灯都谈完，作者认为交通灯对某些人来讲没有作用，所以作者总结说“这所有的情况都使我怀疑交通灯有什么意义”。wonder about“疑惑”。care about“关注，担心，在乎”；worry about“担心”；complain about“抱怨”。此处表示作者通过思考后的结论。故选D。]
6．A.frightening
B．relaxing
C．confusing
D．interesting
答案 A [上段谈到人们不遵守交通规则。此段作者设想没有交通灯会更可怕，会让行人无所适从，对比3空，我们就知道，此处应该是更“令人感到害怕的是”，故选A。]
7．A.attempts
B．efforts
C．decisions
D．preparations
答案 C [作者认为让人们在拥挤的十字路口自己决定如何行走是很可怕的。]
8．A.Since
B．But
C．So
D．As
答案 C [“因此”作者认为还是有必要设置交通灯来控制交通的。前后两句是因果关系，因此选C。]
9．A.affect
B．control
C．serve
D．improve
答案 B [该空前面的a system指的就是交通灯，其作用就是“控制”交通。]
10．A.obey
B．recognize
C．reflect
D．analyze
答案 A [通过对比，作者觉得还是要有交通灯，也还是要“遵守”交通规则。]
11．A.sensitive
B．annoyed
C．cautious
D．concerned
答案 C [前面有冒号，后面的内容与冒号前面的内容有很大的关系。交通信号就是：绿灯行，黄灯缓行，红灯停。缓行也就是要小心“谨慎”，过交通灯处时每时每刻都要集中注意力。根据下文的“And there also have been some yellow caution lights”也可推知。故选C。]
12．A.teachers
B．relatives
C．parents
D．friends
答案 C [从文章最后一句中的“...given to me by my parents.”可知此处讲的是父母，故选C。]
13．A.case
B．honour
C．place
D．terms
答案 D [in terms of 就……而言。in case of“假使，以防”；in honour of “纪念”；in place of “代替”。故选D。]
14．A.yellow
B．red
C．colorful
D．green
答案 D [该段是作者的议论。作者认为自己的父母给了他生活上的正确引导，就像是交通灯一样，应该有三种。大胆前行的是绿灯，应该避免的是红灯，应该警惕的是黄灯。根据冒号后的“与人和睦相处，帮助他人”可知，这是应该做的。故选D。]
15．A.adventure
B．joy
C．panic
D．chance
答案 B [该题应该同上一题连在一起看。都是正面的应为“过上快乐的有意义的生活”。故选B。]
16．A.confidence
B．life
C．dream
D．belief
答案 B [父母给自己规定了一些不该做的事情，以使自己的“人生”不会误入歧途。]
17．A.attend
B．start
C．leave
D．join
答案 A [attend school上学，固定搭配。故选A。]
18．A.good
B．convenient
C．special
D．simple
答案A[如果作者能遵守所有的信号指示，他的生活就会过得很好，故选A。]
19．A.through
B．across
C．beyond
D．above
答案 B [过街，是从物体表面穿过，用across。故选B。]
20．A.purposes
B．features
C．qualities
D．signals
答案 D [此处作者把生活中的各种情况比作三种交通信号灯，故选D。]
维B1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)
高考曾用材料：2012福建卷C篇
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系数：★★★★★
Early in the autumn of 1674，Henry Oldenburg，secretary of the Royal Society in London，received an extraordinary letter.Sent by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek，a draper from Delft in the Netherlands，it contained an unlikelysounding claim.
Using a microscope of his own invention，van Leeuwenhoek had seen tiny creatures，invisible to the naked eye，living in lake water.Some of these “animalcules (微生物) ” were so small，he later estimated that 30 million of them would still be smaller than a grain of sand.
Royal Society fellows couldn't believe it.Even with his most powerful instruments，the celebrated English microscopist Robert Hooke had never observed anything like the little creatures.
In fact，the Dutchman had developed far superior lenses to Hooke's，and had discovered bacteria and protozoans (原生动物)．By producing even smaller and more curved lenses—using a technique that he kept secret—van Leeuwenhoek was able to magnify objects up to 500 times.As well as discovering microorganisms，he was the first to see red blood cells.
In 1677，van Leeuwenhoek
sent the Society further animalcule observations.Hooke eventually improved his own microscopes to the point where he，too，could see the tiny creatures.Three years later van Leeuwenhoek was made a fellow.
It was not until 1890，more than 160 years after van Leeuwenhoek's death，that bacteria were linked with diseases.“Reading van Leeuwenhoek's letters，you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled by what he was finding，”says Lesley Robertson，leader of the archives at Delft University's school of microbiology.“He thought he'd found a whole new world—but he certainly never picked up on the connection with illness.”
Notes：
draper n．布料商 ②curved adj.弯曲的 ③archive n．档案室
长短句分析：It was not until 1890，more than 160 years after van Leeuwenhoek's death，that bacteria were linked with diseases.
句法点睛：这是it was...that强调结构。在强调结构中，more than 160 years after van Leeuwenhoek's death是1890的同位语。
句意：直到1890年，凡·列文虎克死后的160余年，细菌才被和疾病联系到一起。
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。全文讲述了布料商出身的Antoni van Leeuwenhoek发明了自己的显微镜。他的发明使得发现更小、更清晰的事物成为可能，这为把细菌与疾病联系起来奠定了基础。
1．What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek see with his own microscope?
A．A letter.
B．Bacteria and protozoans.
C．Small animals in the water.
D．The element of water.
答案 B [细节理解题。联系下文“In fact，the Dutchman had developed far superior lenses to Hooke's，and had discovered bacteria and protozoans”可知，荷兰人已经通过改良的镜片发现了细菌和原生动物，Antoni van Leeuwenhoek通过自己的显微镜看到的tiny creatures就是细菌和原生动物。]
2．From the passage we can see ________.
A．van Leeuwenhoek knew the tiny creatures in the water had something to do with nature
B．van Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover bacteria
C．van Leeuwenhoek was the first to use the microscope
D．van Leeuwenhoek was the first one to know how to observe bacteria and protozoans
答案 C [推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管荷兰人也看到细菌和原生动物，但是他们使用的是改进后的镜片，而不是显微镜，因此C正确。A有一定的干扰性，联系文章最后一句可知，他并没有把观察到的细菌和原生物联系到一起。]
3．What does the underlined word “magnify” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．To clear away.
B．To improve.
C．To collect.
D．To make large.
答案 D [词义猜测题。联系全文他发明显微镜以及空后的“up to 500 times”可知，他的显微镜能把物体放大500倍，因此得出答案。]
4．From the last paragraph we can see，when Antoni van Leeuwenhoek saw the tiny creatures，invisible to the naked eye，living in lake water，________.
A．he was overexcited
B．he knew he followed someone else's discovery
C．he was a bit disappointed
D．his discovery was to lead a connection between bacteria and illnesses
答案 A [推理判断题。联系最后一段的“Reading van Leeuwenhoek's letters，you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled by what he was finding，”可知，当时他对自己的发明是极度兴奋的。]
维B2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)
高考曾用材料：2011江苏卷C篇
选材相似度：★★★★
设题相似度：★★★
难度系
Robots at the World Expo 2010 Shanghai play football，practise tai chi，play the violin，prepare Chinese dishes and care for the elderly.Robots created by a Chinese farmer can pour tea and paint pictures.
Global designers of robots are making them more capable，powerful and affordable，so they will play more roles in more sectors，from manufacturing to health care，and they can help around the house.
Now Toyota，the world's biggest car maker，and Canon，the
biggest
camera
maker，have
joined
research
and development to make robots a practical reality，like a PC.
The Expo Shanghai is a place where China can learn about advanced robotics，and a stage for madeinChina robots.
Developers are taking robots from Star Wars and top laboratories and putting them into the industrial sector，even in consumer markets.They are used in health care，computer programming，manufacturing and culture.
The goals are to add more practical functions and to cut price，and lower cost comes with higher volume.
“The World Expo is a unique opportunity to demonstrate French technology，” says Bruno Maisonnier，chief executive of Aldebaran Robotics，which shows Nao robots in the France Pavilion.
More than 700 Nao robots，which cost 1,000 to 12,000 euros (US $14,640 ) each，are sold mainly to research organizations，including 60 to 70 in China.
The Frenchbased company aims to promote robots in the general
public
market
starting
from
late
2011，with entertainment or learning functions at a “reasonable price，” according to Maisonnier.
Visitors to the Japan Pavilion are struck by Toyota's dextrous Partner
Robot
playing
the
Chinese
folk
song “Jasmine Flower” on the violin.Other robots play other instruments，but the violin is the most complicated.
Many people were so enchanted by the robotic musician that they overlooked other Partner Robots，designed to be personal assistants especially for Japan's aging population.One can even carry passengers.
Note：
enchanted adj.着迷的；着魔的
【语篇解读】 本篇是时文阅读。2010上海世博会展出了世界各地的机器人，这些机器人可以踢球、打太极、弹钢琴、做中国菜和照料老人。本次展出的机器人更加实用，价格上也逐渐靠近人们能承受的水平。
1．Robots at the World Expo 2010 Shanghai are designed ________.
A．enjoyable and interesting
B．practical and affordable
C．goodlooking and considerate
D．funny and relaxing
答案 B [推理判断题。本次展出的机器人更符合生活的需求，因此实用，同时价格上也考虑到了人们的承受力。]
2．Toyota and Canon have joined research and development to make robots，which shows ________.
A．robots are not too difficult to design
B．they want to abandon their present career
C．they are more fit to make robots
D．robot manufacture will become a big market
答案 D [推理判断题。这两个公司分别是世界上最大的汽车与照相机制造公司，他们之所以把目光转向机器人，是因为他们看中了机器人的市场潜力。]
3．From the designs of the robots，we can see robots ________.
A．will be more fashionable and advanced
B．have been made with less expensive materials
C．are made to meet the need of top laboratories
D．are made without the consideration of prices
答案 A [细节理解题。从“Developers are taking robots from Star Wars and top laboratories”可知，机器人的设计更时尚和先进。]
4．From the passage we can see，Nao robots are designed ________.
A．to show robots can be made cheaply
B．to meet the need of research into the robotic area
C．to fit into our daily supplies
D．to show robots can be intelligent
答案 B [推理判断题。从“sold mainly to research organizations，”可知，Nao机器人的设计目的是用于科学研究。]