Book 4
Unit 2
Working the land
一，几种表省略的句式
If ever:如果曾经发生过的话,常与seldom 连用
如：She seldom, if ever（=if she has ever been to the cinema), goes to the cinema
The island is seldom, if ever (=if the island has ever been visited by ships), visited by ships.
2. If any 如果有的话=if there is/are
There are, if any(if there are any mistakes), few mistakes.
3. If so: 如果这样的话。so代表前面整个表肯定句子。
4. If not:如果不这样 not 代替前面整个否定的句子
5. If possible =If it is possible
二，名词性从句复习
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if
(不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose,
which（哪一个）.（主语或宾语）
连接副词：when, where, how, why，wherever, whenever,however（状语）,
与定语从句的区别
名词性从句 which
哪一个 定语从句:which 指代某物或某情况
2.名词性从句 that---只起连接
定语从句that---主语或宾语
what, how 不用于定语从句
what=all that重点单词
1.struggle for为……而奋斗
fight against为反对……而斗争
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
2. reduce...to...减少到
reduce …by 减少了
rise/increase… to增加到
rise/increase… by增加了 be on the rise 在上升，在上涨
3.supply sb. with sth.供应，供给（强调必需品）=supply sth.to sb.
in short supply 供应不足
supply and need:供需
易混辨异
与 provide； offer（意思，结构上的区别）
(1)provide 提供
provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth.
（2）offer: 主动提供
offer sb. sth.或 offer to do sth.；offer 还可表示“出价，开价”
4. equip vt. & vi.装备； 配备
1) equip...with...用……装备……(或提供）(be equipped with)
如：equip the office with computers; equip children with education(给孩子提供教育）
2）equip...for sth.为了……而装备（准备）……
如： They equipped themselves for the expedition 他们为远征作好装备
A good education should equip you for your life
3)equipment n.
装备；设备(不可数名词)
5.expand v. 扩大；增强
易混辨异 expand, extend, spread, stretch
(1)expand （尺寸,范围的）扩大，膨胀，展开。
如; Metals expand when they are heated. Our foreign trade has expanded recently.
As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
(2)extend （时间和空间）伸出，延伸
如; extend a fence 扩建篱笆The road extends for miles . 这条路绵延数里
(3)spread 传播，散布。(4)stretch 伸展，拉长,一般指由曲变直不是加长。
如; He woke up and stretched.他醒来后，伸了伸懒腰。
6. regret to do sth. 遗憾/抱歉要去做 (现在）regret doing sth. 后悔曾经做过某事（过去）
remember to do :记得要做某事（将来）
remember doing : 记得曾经做过某事（过去）
forget to do；忘记要做某事（过去）
forget doing；某事做过但忘了（过去）
meant to do: 打算做某事
mean doing；意味着做某事
try to do ； 尽力做某事
try doing；尝试做某事
7. due
1)应付的，到期的
The rent is due tomorrow
2)应有的，正当的，适当的 make due contributions to our country 作出应有的贡献
in due time:在适当的时机
3)应到的，预订的,约定
The plane is due at 8.
Mr.Hill will be due to lecture twice tomorrow.
4)due to 因为，由于, 不可位于句首。
8.lead to 导致；通向
lead sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
take the lead 带头；居首位 leading 主要的，重要的 leading characters :主人公；重要角色
as heavy as lead 铅一般地沉重，非常重（此处lead： 铅）
9. export 出口
import 进口
exotic 由外国引进的，exclude；把某人排除在外，include 包括在内
ex-wife:前妻
10. therefore= consequently=accordingly=thus= As a consequence
11. born into a poor family 出生于贫困家庭
12. be rich/abundant in:富含
China is abundant in natural resources.