2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选训练（04）外研版

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解精选（04）及答案

　　A

　　(·昆明质检，A)

　　I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very

　　important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to

　　be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?

　　He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk!

　　When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”

　　Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.

　　His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!

　　This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes.

　　当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。

　　1．When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she ________.

　　A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at him

　　B. praised the boy instead of punishing him

　　C. felt satisfied with the boy's trying to help himself

　　D. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor

　　答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。

　　2．The child's experience resulted in the following BUT ________.

　　A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottle

　　B. benefiting the boy all his life

　　C. helping the boy be more creative

　　D. making the boy realize the mistake is of value

　　答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。

　　3．According to the passage, the way the scientist's mother used is ________.

　　A. instructive

　　B. strict

　　C. formal

　　D. strange

　　答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。

　　4．The purpose of the passage is to show ________.

　　A. a usual way to cultivate a child B. a scientist's medical achievements

　　C. a mother's wise way of helping her child D. the advantages of making mistakes

　　答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。

　　B

　　(·黄冈适应性考试，B)

　　A few months before I was born, my Dad met a stranger who was new to our small town. From the beginning, Dad was fascinated with this enchanting newcomer and soon invited him to live with our family. The stranger was quickly accepted and was around to welcome me into the world a few months later.

　　As I grew up, I never questioned his place in my family. In my young mind, he had a special position. My parents were complementary instructors：Mom taught me the words, and Dad taught me to obey them. But the stranger... He was our storyteller. He would keep us spellbound for hours on end with adventures, mysteries and comedies.

　　If I wanted to know anything about politics，history or science，he always knew the answers about the past, understood the present and even seemed able to predict the future! He made me laugh, and he made me cry. The stranger never stopped talking, but Dad didn't seem to mind.

　　I now know that my early concepts about relationship were influenced strongly by the stranger. Time after time, he opposed the values of my parents, yet he was seldom blamed...and NEVER asked to leave.

　　More than fifty years have passed since the stranger moved in with our family. He has blended right in and is not nearly as fascinating as he was at first. Still, if you were to walk into my parent's room today, you would still find him sitting over in his corner, waiting for someone to listen to him talk and watch him draw his pictures. His name?

　　We just call him...“TV”．

　　He has a younger sister now. We call her“Computer”．

　　作者以生动形象的拟人手法描述了电视对自己的影响。

　　5．When the stranger came to live with our family, he was ________.

　　A. ingnored by the children

　　B. driven away for no reason

　　C. abandoned because it was too noisy

　　D. accepted by every family member

　　答案：D。事实细节题。由首段尾句可知答案。

　　6．The stranger can do all the following things EXCEPT that he can ________.

　　A. tell us some funny stories

　　B. reject our proposals

　　C. influence the children's character

　　D. predict the future

　　答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段内容可知电视具有A、C、D项所说的功能，而不能“拒绝建议”，故按题意要求选B。

　　7．The underlined word“spellbound” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.

　　A. concentrated

　　B. puzzled

　　C. fascinated

　　D. astonished

　　答案：C。词义猜测题。由第2段尾句语境“数小时连续地看冒险故事、神秘故事和喜剧”可知应是“沉迷于，对……着迷的”，故答案为C。倒数第3段第2句中的fascinating也是暗示。本题易误选A，但是如果注意一下后面的介词就可排除，因为concentrate和on搭配。

　　8．What can we learn from the last three paragraphs of the passage?

　　A. The computer is more advanced and has gained greater popularity.

　　B. Old as he is，we like the stranger best.

　　C. The TV set is out of fashion and often breaks down.

　　D. We decide to throw the TV set away immediately.

　　答案：A。推理判断题。文章中提到电视伴随我们五十年，而现在它有了一个年轻的妹妹那就是电脑，说明了产品已推陈出新，暗示了电脑更先进更受人们青睐，故答案为A。

　　C

　　(·海淀第二学期期末，C)

　　Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full­time job. The two people willingly act as part­time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full­time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job's wages，its holidays and its other benefits.

　　Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) part­time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.

　　Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well­paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.

　　As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re­entering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek part­time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full­time work after a long absence.

　　The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one­position jobs. However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job­shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.

　　本文讲述了“job sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。

　　9．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?

　　A. Work sharing requires more working hours.

　　B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.

　　C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.

　　D. Work sharing depends on the employer's decision.

　　答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs...”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。

　　10．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part­time work mainy because ________.

　　A. they sought higher social status

　　B. they were over ideal working ages

　　C. they had difficulty finding full­time jobs

　　D. they had to take care of both work and family

　　答案：A。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选A。

　　11．In job sharing the partners should ________.

　　A. enjoy equal social status

　　B. have similar work experience

　　C. keep in touch with each other

　　D. know each other very well

　　答案：D。事实细节题。由尾段后半段的内容可知D项正确。

　　12．The main purpose of the passage is to________.

　　A. describe job sharing in general B. discuss how to provide more jobs

　　C. recommend job sharing to women D. compare job sharing with work sharing

　　答案：A。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选A。

　　D

　　(·合肥第二次质检，D)

　　You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?

　　More and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degress from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well­known university. Registrars(学籍管理员)at most well­known colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.

　　Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. It turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school refers to them as “special cases”. One well­known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”．

　　To avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.

　　If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.

　　因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份好工作和职位而造假。

　　13．The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________.

　　A. college degrees can now be purchased easily

　　B. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobs

　　C. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problem

　　D. employers are no longer interested in applicants' actual performances

　　答案：C。主旨大意题。总览文章可知C项为本文主旨。

　　14．As used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means ________.

　　A. thorough

　　B. careful

　　C. imcomplete

　　D. spoken

　　答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deception(欺骗)及其后的解释“学历造假”，再结合文章主旨可推出A项正确。thorough彻底的。

　　15．Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would ________.

　　A. keep the records of them B. drive them out of college

　　C. avoid direct conflicts with them D. accuse them of such behaviors

　　答案：C。推理判断题。由第三段中的“...most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”．和下面给出的例子可推断出C项正确。

　　16．We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities

　　B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school

　　C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easily

　　D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities

　　答案：A。事实细节题。由第二段第二句“For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知A项正确。由尾段可知B、D错误；C项在文中没有信息支持。

　　E

　　(·成都三诊，D)

　　Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on auto­pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the

　　unreflecting creatures，”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever­changing 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.

　　So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation(创新)．But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.

　　Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.

　　But don't bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into

　　the brain，they're there to stay. Instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

　　“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’ ，just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’. ”She adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

　　“All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware，” she says.

　　Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

　　The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything, ” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms. Markova's business partner. “That's a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. ”This is where developing new habits comes in.

　　本文论述了创新思维与有意识培养新习惯之间的关系。

　　17．Brain researchers have discovered that ________.

　　A. the forming of new habits can be guided

　　B. the development of habits can be predicted

　　C. the regulation of old habits can be transformed

　　D. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously

　　答案：A。事实细节题。由第三段首句“Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.”可知A项正确。

　　18．The underlined word “ruts” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A. zones

　　B. connections

　　C. situations

　　D. tracks

　　答案：D。词义猜测题。由画线词所在的第四段中的信息词pathway(路，径)和road(路，道路)可推测出D项正确。track路，路径，轨迹。

　　19．Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova's view?

　　A. Decision makes no sense in choices.

　　B. Curiosity makes creative minds active.

　　C. Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.

　　D. Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.

　　答案：B。推理判断题。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder(创新的第一要素是好奇)”可推断出B项正确。

　　20．The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us ________.

　　A. to give up our traditional habits deliberately

　　B. to create and develop new habits consciously

　　C. to resist the application of standardized testing

　　D. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，作者认为创新和新习惯的养成在很多方面是相通的，从而试图说服我们去有意识地创新和培养新习惯。