栏目导引 考点串讲?讲练互动 选修
阅读教程 考点串讲?讲练互动 阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段,我们考生在做阅读理解时,不仅要看懂文章的字面意思,还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择.一般来说,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素.在阅读的方法上,可以使用以下几种方法: 1.跳读.就是快速地、一步阅读法.实际上是有选择的阅读,即在文章中找到一个或关键几个词.用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效. 2.略读.所谓略读是指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法.也就是泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读,目的是了解大意,对文章有个总的概念.此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题. 3.精读.所谓精读就是用最细致、最慢、最深层的方法阅读,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握.在应用这种阅读方法前,首先应用跳读法找到与问题有关联的地方,然后细读.有时候文中有直接回答,有时候回答分布在整篇短文中,需要考生找出,进行释义、归 纳、概括等.此种阅读方法能回答需推断、归纳和演绎的题目. 而在使用阅读技巧时,应该尽量做到以下几点: 1.带着问题阅读短文,根据不同题型,选用不同阅读方法.即先看问题,再决定选用跳读、略读和精读方法,这样做,目的性强,能收到事半功倍的功效. 2.找出主题句,确定中心思想.每篇文章均讲述一个主题,不管它有几个段落,它们都围绕着一个中心思想.确定了中心思想,即抓住了关键.随后通读全文,找出重要词语,通常在下面划线,再进行推敲. 3.推断单词、句子和通篇的含义.在做阅读理解时,常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等.这时考生不要紧张,而应运用学过的语言知识,通过逻辑思维,去推断出此单词和整个句子的含义.只要静下心来,绝大部分是能推断成功的. 4.尽快选择答案.在阅读理解时,如碰到难题,如推断、结论题,不要过多地花费时间,可留下标记,待那些有把握的题目做完后再回过头来做.有时候其它题目做完后,再做难题,能多少受到点启发,对短文的理解也会有所帮助与加深,难题部分也可能就解决了. 阅读理解是一项含有多种技巧的思维过程,涉及到大量的语言知识.语言知识包括词、词 性、句子、语法结构等等;非语言知识包括一定的历史和社会文化背景知识,考生对目标背景的了解会对理解产生一定的影响.若要正确阅读理解一篇文章,考生就得在阅读中一边阅读,一边进行猜测、推断、归纳、验证.
(2011年高考山东卷) Arthur Miller(1915～2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“ Great American Dream”.
例 However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s. Millers’ s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.
In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth.
Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment : if he can’t do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.
He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949,the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics’Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 58.What can we learn about Willy Loman? A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company. C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 【解析】 推理判断题.从上文介绍情节中得知Willy Loman是戏剧中一个角色,而这个角色最终因为在这个制度中屡遭失败自杀身亡,因此推断他是美国制度的受害者. 【答案】 C 跟踪训练 Learning English is one of the few things I have been doing consistently over the past 16 years. Like most Chinese students, I started learning English because it was a compulsory (必修的) course in my middle school. More importantly, English was a central subject for the college entrance exam. At that time, studying English was not a pleasant experience for me. There was no fun in the process of learning. The focus of our English education was getting a good mark in exams. And nobody told me that the real meaning of studying mother language was communication. When I became a university student, I spent nearly half of my time on English. In fact, more than 90 percent of the job offer ads in Shanghai list“proficiency (精通)” as a main requirement. How did I improve my English? People told me that TOEFL was very helpful and useful. As a result,
I took a TOEFL training course and studied like mad. After six months’ preparation, I took part in the exam and got a high score. Later on, I had a chance to further my study in Britain. I soon discovered that all of my past English learning had been futile (没用的). When I first went shopping in a local supermarket,
I really could not understand what the cashier was saying at all.
It was then that I realized I had totally missed the point. Instead of just passing exams, the main function of learning English or any other language is communication. What is more, lanuage does not exist independent of culture.
Hence, mechanical memorization helps very little in communication. That’s why I was still unable to freely express myself after learning English for many years. By no means am I talented in any foreign language. I am still learning English. Why? First and foremost, my job requires me to use English everyday. Secondly, English helps me to have access to more information. Thirdly, as a bookworm, English gives me a chance to dive into the huge pool of inspiring English books. Last but not least, it is such a great experience to write in another language. Indeed, English has become part of my life. 1.How did the writer find English when he was a student? A．He was interested in it. B．He studied it because it was compulsory course. C．He thought it funny to study English. D．He often recited something when he studied English. 解析:选B.细节理解题.从文章首段和第二段可知,我学英语时只是认为英语是一个必修并且高考必考的科目,而无任何兴趣而言,所以答案应是B. 2.What is the purpose of studying English according to the writer’s idea? A．To get high marks in exams. B．To prove that Englsih is very important. C．Studying Eglish well can help you get a good job. D．To use English for communication with others. 解析:选D.概括归纳题.根据第五段“...the main function of learning English or any other language is communication.”可知正确答案是 D. 3.According to the text,how is my English? A．I am good at English. B．I can speak Englsih like natives. C．I can master it but I can’t use it correctly. D．I continued to study Englsih. 解析:选C.观点态度题.原文中作者提到自己在英语考试中能拿高分,但出国后却不懂当地人的语言. 4.How can we master Englsih well? A．We need more mechanical memorization. B．We should read and recite more books. C．We should study Englsih as well as its culture and use it more. D．We can study hard in classrooms and houses and get high marks in exams. 解析:选C.综合推理题.本文告诉人们学习语言其实是掌握它、用它,所以C正确.