选修
写作教程 Module 7 Articles and Compositions 选修
写作教程 小资料 文章是我们获取信息最常见的载体，通常见于报纸和杂志，读者范围很广。在文章中通常可以通过摆事实（the facts）和讲道理、表达个人观点（opinions）来说明一件事。这在高考写作文的过程中也是必备的技能。主要类型为记叙文、说明文和议论文。 WRITING CONVENTIONS·写作模式
(一) 最近,李越被评为你们班的“每周之星”.请你根据她的事迹(在上周六下午,不顾天气的炎热,为班级选购歌咏比赛服装),用英语为班级板报写一篇100～120词的短文. 例 你的文章应包括下列要点: 1．李越的事迹及其对同学的影响; 2．你的评论. 注意:1.文章的标题和开头已给出(不计入总词数); 2．参考词汇:singing contest歌咏比赛;costume 服装. Star Student of the Week Li Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class.___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ?写作模板 Star Student of the Week Li Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class. On the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another,
looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest.While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cool and comfortable rooms, she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting.Finally, she found the right clothes.Deeply moved by her efforts, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest. Li Yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class.Besides, she often devotes her spare time to helping others.She deserves the honor and we should learn from her. (二) (2010年高考上海卷) Directions: Write an English composition in 120～150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 下图是小学新生的课堂一角,对照你当时的上课情况,做出比较并谈谈你的感受.你的作文必须包括: ●描述图片里学生上课的场景; ●比较你同时期的上课情况; ●简单谈谈你的感受.
________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ?写作模板 The picture above illustrates that in a class of an American primary school the children are thronging to raise their hands to ask questions, from which we can know that a ripple of laughter is running around the classroom. It’s evident that this kind of class will exert a great influence both on the children’s academic achievements and on their psychological development. Their positive attitude towards study must arouse their strong enthusiasm in their overall promotion as well. The lively lesson reminds me of the atmosphere of my class, in which most of us maintain good discipline, let alone volunteer to raise hands to ask or answer questions.This kind of atmosphere puts great pressure on us, getting us eventually to lack interest in our lessons. Taking what has been discussed above into account, there is no doubt that we Chinese teachers should create a relaxed atmosphere of school life and exercise students’ intellect in lively discussion.Only in this way can we really achieve our teaching goal. ?名师指津 1.常用词汇: 1) above all, at last, finally, in a word, in the end, in summary, in brief 2)first of all, firstly, secondly, finally, lastly 3)while, but, on the contrary, however, compare with, in contrast to, be similar to, be different from 4)as a result of, owing to, thanks to, due to, because of 5)besides, not only...but also..., otherwise, what’s more, still more, moreover 2.句型归纳: 1) Opinions vary from individual to individual. 2) Others argue/hold the view that... 3) What’s important is that... 4) As far as I’m concerned, I prefer... 5)When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it. 6)There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it. 7)It’s universally acknowledged that knowledge can change one’s fate. 8)In conclusion, I think having a very close relationship with a pet is healthy. 9)In short, it can be said that health is more important than wealth. 10)From what has been said above, we can safely draw a conclusion that attitudes determines everything. ?文体讲解 1.记叙文是记人、叙事的文章, 它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果,即我们通常所说的五个“W”( what, who, when, where, why )和一个“H”( how ).记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”,因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚,描写生动形象. 2.说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物,阐明事理,从而给读者提供知识的一种文体. 3.议论文与其他文体相比,结构较为固定,常由以下几个部分组成: 1)提出议题;2)正反两方面的观点; 3)作者态度; 4)论证作者观点; 5)结论. 写作时应注意议题的提出要开门见山,作者的观点必须鲜明,不可模棱两可.论证手段常有罗列法、举例法、因果法、比较法等等.议论文讲究推理性、逻辑性,常使用关联词或句如: hence/ therefore/ consequently/accordingly/It follows that.../It is true that..., but/Even if/We may conclude that... LANGUAGE FUNCTION·语言功能
记叙文 1.重组材料,确定要点.叙事类记叙文写作前要进行立意、构思和选材等一系列过程,高考中的书面表达一般为控制性写作,通常会提供短文的主题和写作内容,考生要对提供的材料进行再加工,确定写作的顺序、要点和重点,拟定使用的句型和词组. 2.结构完整、前后呼应.写记叙文必须有头有尾,一般来说,记叙时要把与一件事有关的六要素都交代清楚.文章的主题和内容要一致,文章的结尾与开头要呼应. 3.人称统一、线索明确.记叙文可用“你、 我、他”三种人称,但如果题目要求你使用某种人称,则必须遵循要求;叙事类记叙文一般按照事件发展的前后顺序进行叙述. 4.时态要与事实统一,不可随意更换. 说明文 1.它要求语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,说明过程讲究层次性和条理性. 2.这种文体通常用第三人称,时态以一般现在时为主. 3.
按照时间顺序或空间位置进行说明;先讲道理、后列举事例或先举例后讲道理进行说明;把同类或不同类的事物加以比较进行说明;使用数据进行说明等等. 议论文 1.观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点. 2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然. 3.最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想. 4.一般采用一般现在时. 5.语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语. MODULE TASKS·模块任务 写一篇文章 假设你是高中生李明.在上学的路上,你看到车站、宿舍和公共建筑的墙上到处都有形形色色的私人广告和告示.请你就这一现象用英文给英语报社写一封信表达一下自己的看法并提出建议. ________________________________________ One possible version: Dear editor, Recently, on my way to school, I often see some advertisements, notices and posers put on the bus stops,dormitories and other public buildings. I think this is a bad phenomenon because it seriously pollutes the city environments and harms the city appearance.As a citizen,
we mustn’t do anything to harm our city.On the contrary, we should obey the city rules and protect the city environments. At the same time, the local government should educate the citizens not to put up notices or advertisements without permission, and does the city management together with the citizens. Best wishes! Yours, Li Ming