3．(2012·淮安高三检测)________ you eat the correct food ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you
B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you
D．Unless；you will 解析：选A。句意：只要你饮食合理，就能保持健康。only if“只 要……”，放于句首，后面主句 要用部分倒装。 4．(2012·浙江温州联考)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，________ is often the case in other countries. A．what
B．as C．so
D．that 解析：选B。as在这里引导非限制 性定语从句，as指代前面整个句子 的内容，而且as在从句中作主语。
5．(2012·福建福州质检)—Do you know about“Tiger Mom”？ —Yes.Her children will never be praised ________ they have done everything she requires. A．after
B．unless C．once
D．when 解析：选B。答句句意：“虎妈”的孩子永远不会被表扬，除非他们按照她的要求完成了一切。unless表示 “除非，如果不”，相当于if not，假如把本句改为“Her children will never be praised if they haven’t done everything she requires.”，就容易理解了。 本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.选词填空
1．The house was ________ after the party.It took Tom three hours to clean
it up. 2．It is important not to ___________
the past.We also have to live in the
present and look to the future. in chaos focus on 3．It is also impossible to ___________
a ticket for tonight’s concert.It sold out three days ago. 4．The smell of freshly—baked bread always _______ me ___ my days in France. get hold of reminds of 5．His good education abroad enables him to _______ that position. 6．The small island was ___________________ Britain before it gained its independence in 1970. take on under the umbrella of 7．If your bike ________________ on the way to the village，can you repair it by yourself?
breaks down Ⅱ.完成句子 1．植物因缺水而枯死了。 The plant died _________________. 2．当我那么说时，我并不是指她。 I ______________________ when I said so. for lack of water was not referring to her 3．他们努力工作以供养一大家子人。 They worked hard ______________ their large family. 4．海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。 The sea air has __________________ her health. to provide for made a difference to 5．这些商品只提供给会员使用。 These goods ____________________________. are available to members only Ⅲ.单项填空 1．(2012·皖南八校质检)The boy was so careless that the glass fell from his hand and it ________ on the floor. A．broke inB．broke down C．broke up
D．broke out 解析：选C。break in意为“闯入，打断，插嘴”；break down意为“(机器等)出故障，崩溃”；break up意为“打碎，(关系)破裂，结束”；break out意为“爆发，突然发生”。根据语意“玻璃杯从他手中掉落到地板上摔碎了”可知答案是C项。 2．(2012·福建四地六校联考)My parents expected too much of me.When they heard that I had failed in the college entrance examination，they almost ________. A．broke up
B．broke off C．broke out
D．broke down 解析：选D。break up表示“破裂，解体”；break off表示“断开”；break out表示“爆发”；break down表示“抛锚，崩溃，垮掉”，从语意“父母听到我高考落榜，几乎要崩溃了”可知选D项。 3．—Why was Professor Liu thundering in the classroom yesterday? —A student who had interrupted his speech ________ the burst of his anger. A．set up
B．set out C．set about
D．set off
解析：选D。句意：——为什么刘教授昨天在教室里吼叫？——一个学生打断了他的演讲，这便触发了他的怒气。set off引发，激起。 4．The photographs made me think ________ to my schooldays. A．back
B．about C．over
D．of 解析：选A。句意：这些照片使我想起了我上学的日子。think back to“回想”；think about“考虑”；think over“仔细考虑”；think of
“想起”。 5．—How often do you ________ the dictionary when you are doing reading? —Not very often.Only when I find it is necessary. A．relate to
B．consult to C．refer to
D．look up 解析：选C。句意：——当你阅读时，你查词典的频率是多少？——不是很 多。只有当我认为有必要时。relate to“谈到，涉及，与……相关”；refer to＝consult“查阅，查询”，look up作“查阅”解时，宾语是word而不是dictionary。 (教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities! 要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐助些钱就好了！ 句型精析 【点津】 If only...！用来表达一个不可能实现的愿望或假设，句子多用虚拟语气。真希望……！若是……那该多好啊！(1)谓语动词用过去式表现在；(2)谓语动词用过去完成时表过去；(3)谓语动词用could/would表将来；(4)而only if引起的条件状语从句，表 示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……”的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
①If only I knew his name！要是我知道他的名字就好了！ ②If only we had followed your advice!我们要是采纳你的建议就好了！ ③If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊！ ④He will succeed only if he does his best. 他只有竭尽全力才能成功。 ⑤I’ll come only if you really need me. 只有当你真正需要我的时候， 我才来。 ⑥Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我总是开着窗户睡觉，除非天气非常冷才关上窗户。 I sleep _________________________
it’s really cold. with the window open unless 2．据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。 He is said ____________________
in that factory for twelve years. 3．他醒来发现人家都走了。 He woke up __________________________ . to have been working to find everybody gone 4．但愿我将能得到一个学习德语的机会。 If only I ________________________________ ________. would have a good chance to study German Ⅱ.单项填空 1．________ and I’ll get the work finished. A．Have one more hour B．One more hour C．Given one more hour D．If I have one more hour 解析：选B。“名词＋and＋简单句”相当于“祈使句＋and＋简单句”。 2．The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China，________ a 15—year wait. A．only to end
B．ending C．to end
D．and ends 解析：选B。句意：世界贸易组织终于向中国敞开了大门，结束了15年的漫长等待。非谓语动词表示的内容是句子产生的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。 3．Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A．is used
B．are used C．have been used
D．has been used 解析：选D。根据题意应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响。“every＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。 4．(2012·南通市调研测试)As he was getting onto the stage，Dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid himself ________ his fears. A．by
B．of C．from
D．to 解析：选B。考查介词。rid sb.of sth.是固定词组，表示“让某人免除，摆脱……”，故答案选B项。 5．In cities with rent control，the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can ________ for an apartment. A．fetch
B．bargain C．charge
D．collect 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：在有房租控制的城市，房东对一套住房收取多少房租，市政府有最高限价规定。此处语境表示房东收取的房租，用charge表示“要价，向……收费”。 6．—Is it true that the US threatens to punish China unless the yuan appreciates(增值)by 40%? —Yes，but I think our government will never ________ this unreasonable demand. A．oppose to
B．resign to C．contribute to
D．submit to
解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。根据答句句意“我认为中国政府绝不会向这种无理要求屈服”可知，submit(oneself)to“向……屈服”符合题意。如果使用resign的话，必须用resign oneself to。 7．She gets various bonuses ________ her wages，so she earns more than her husband. A．in spite of
B．in place of C．in return for
D．in addition to 解析：选D。考查介词短语。in spite of “尽管”；in place of “代替”；in return for “作为对……的回报”；in addition to “除……之外，还有”。根据语意 “她比丈夫挣钱多是因为她除了工资外，还有各种奖金”可知D项正确。 8．Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. A．acquired
B．finished C．concluded
D．achieved 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。acquire获得，得到；finish完成；conclude结束，得出结论；achieve实现，达到，achieve a goal实现目标，故D项符合题意。 9．________ of the change in the meeting time，Mike arrived late. A．Not being informed B．Not having informed C．Having not been informed D．Not having been informed 解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有预先得到会议改期的通知，迈克迟到了。非谓语动词的否定结构中，not要置于非谓语动词之前，根据句意可知其动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，且与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故选D项。 10．—Can I borrow some of your magazines? —________.They are at your service. A．Don’t mention it
B．By all means C．Come on
D．With pleasure 解析：选B。考查交际用语。根据答语的第二句They are at your service.(你可以尽情阅读)可判断说话人同意借给对方几本杂志。因此应选by all means“当然可以”。
refer to 谈及，提到；涉及； 查阅，参考；与……相关 (教材P50)I’m pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to. 短语精释 我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
归纳拓展 【辨析】 refer to，refer...to
refer to 提到，参考，指……而言，涉及，适用于。 refer...to 把……提交，委托给……，把……归功于。 ①(朗文P1712)If you don’t know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3. 如果你不知道要什么书，请查看第三页上的书单。 ②(牛津P1666)The victims were not referred to by name. 没有提到受害人的姓名。 ③She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”． 她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
7 break down 出故障，抛锚 (教材P59)However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it. 然而，如果水泵出了毛病，修理是件很棘手的事，因为得请一个来自最近的城镇的工程师来修理。 归纳拓展
①(牛津P233)The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统瘫痪了。 ②Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 她因工作压力身体垮掉了。 ③(朗文P229)The talks broke down completely in June 1982.会议于1982年6月彻底破裂。 8
think back to 回想 (教材P63)When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.
每当我回想起自我加入“无国界医生组织”以来我在世界各地的经历时，我就感觉到能够帮助别人做一些有价值的事情是一种幸运。
归纳拓展
①(朗文P2144)When I think back on/to that day，I can barely recall how she looked. 当我追忆那一天时，我基本上想不起她当时的表情了。 ②Nobody thought less of him for showing his emotions. 没有人因为他表露了自己的情感而减少对他的尊敬。 ③Didn’t you ever think about others? 难道你就从没考虑过别人？ ③Kevin lacks a willingness to try new things. 凯文缺乏尝试新事物的积极性。 2
worthy adj.值得的，有价值的；令人敬重的，相称的 (教材P50)With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 在这些军队和其它一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。 归纳拓展
【辨析】 worthwhile，worth，be worthy
worthwhile 值得，指花时间去做某事是值得的。可作表语、定语或补语。 worth 价值……，后接表价值的数量词。 be (well)worth＋n./pron./doing (非常)值得…… be worthy
worthy可作表语也可作定语，和定语时意为：有价值的，值得尊敬的，应受到赏识的。 ①(牛津P2041)He felt he was not worthy of her. 他觉得他配不上她。 ②(朗文P2372)Jenny’s proposal is certainly worthy of consideration.珍妮的提议无疑是值得考虑的。 3
contribute vt.&vi.捐赠，捐献，捐助；贡献；促成，导致 (教材P51)They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government. 她们每天从每个成员那里大约收集1.35元钱，然后把它们和政府捐助的钱加在一起。 归纳拓展 【助记】 ①(牛津P433)We contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金捐赠了5000英镑。 ②(朗文P437)Yellow fever contributed to Mudd’s early death at age 19.黄热病导致马德19岁便早早去世。
③He contributed an article to China Daily. 他为《中国日报》撰写了一篇文章。
4
means n．方法，手段 (教材P59)Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them. 医疗护理受限，因为在那些村子里根本没有医生和护士，没有人能付得起这个费用。 归纳拓展 【辨析】 means，method，manner，way
means 指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式。 method 指有条理的、系统的方法，特别指新的办法。 manner 指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法，与动作有关 way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。 ①(牛津P1250)She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.她决不是个毫无经验的教师。 ②(朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising.当然，锻炼时可以多喝水。 ③What would be the most effective method of advertising our product? 为我们的产品做广告的最有效的方法是什么呢？ ④They are trying to find a way of settling the dispute. 他们正努力寻求解决争端的方法。 ⑤The school has decided to adopt a different manner to discipline.学校已决定采取不同的方式进行约束。
5
remind vt.提醒，使想起 (教材P63)It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food. 这使我想起在苏丹的日子，人们在抢食物时，好几位无国界医生组织成员受到了攻击。 归纳拓展 助记 ①(朗文P1727)That reminds me of a joke I heard last week.那让我想起了上周听到的一个笑话。 ②(牛津P1682)Remind me to phone Alan before I go out. 提醒我出去之前给艾伦打电话。 ③Can you remind me what I should do next? 你能告诉我下一步该做什么吗？
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.选词填空 victim；voluntary；alternative；remote；possession；primitive；obtain；commitment；vacant；barrier
1．We want to demonstrate our ____________ to human rights. 2．Mail comes to this ________
village only once a week. 3．She was the ____________ of a road accident. commitment remote victim 4．____________ man made tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 5．There are some _______ offices
on the third floor. 6．I haven’t been able to ____________ that book anywhere. Primitive vacant obtain 7．The Sahara Desert is a natural ____________ between North and Central Africas. 8．He was found in _________ of dangerous drugs. 9．She does ____________ social work. barrier possession voluntary 10．There was no other __________
but to fight till the victory.
alternative Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(2011·高考重庆卷)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A．reminding B．to remind C．reminded
D．remind 解析：选C。句意：迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片以提醒他自己的梦想是什么。分析句子结构可知，所填部分在句中作宾语补足语，且remind与himself之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C项。 2．Of the 2,000 stock investors ________ last month,90% was found ________ in financial knowledge. A．surveyed；lacking B．having been surveyed；lacking C．surveyed；lacked D．to have been surveyed；lacked 解析：选A。句意：上个月接受调查的2000名股票投资者中，90%的人被发现缺少金融知识。investors后缺少定语，而且调查的动作已发生，故用surveyed。根据in可确定第二空应用形容词作补足语，故用lacking，be lacking in “缺少”。 栏目导引 基础盘点自测自评 考点串讲讲练互动 Unit 4 Helping people around the world Unit 4 Helping people around the world 基础盘点自测自评 Ⅰ.语境填词 1．Karl Marx was forced to leave his homeland for ____________(政治的) reasons as a young man. 核心单词 political 2．Eight times eight _______(等于) sixty—four. 3．He ____________(捐献) a large sum of money to the fund. 4．The writer _________ (扩大) his short novel into a long one. equals contributed expanded 5．Her achievements are _________ (值得) of the highest praise. 6．The film __________(使想起) him
of what he had seen in China. 7．Wool is one of the chief ________ (出口产品)of Australia. worthy reminded exports 8．He pushed his way through the ________(人群)． 9．She is the ________(助手)to the professor. 10．The quickest ________ (方式)of travel is by plane. crowd assistant means 11．He was in ______(迫切的)need of money. 12．We must work hard to ____________(获得)a good knowledge of English. urgent acquire Ⅱ.词汇活用 1．A ____________ country is one in which there are many ____________.(mountain) 2．Words cannot __________ the beauty of the scene.It’s beyond ____________.(describe) mountainous mountains describe description 3．People in the area hit by drought are ________ and some of them have died of ____________.(starve) starving starvation 1．_______________
缺少，缺乏…… 2．_______________
提及，提到 3．_______________
承担 4．_______________
此外，还有 高频短语 (a)lack of refer to take on in addition 5．____________________
吸引某人的注意力 6．________________
供养 7．______________________
在……的庇护下 8．________________
对……来说是可得到的/可利用的 draw one’s attention to provide for under the umbrella of... be available to... 9．_________________
出故障，抛锚 10．________________
处于混乱状态 11．________________
提醒某人某事 12．________________
和……交流 in chaos/in a mess remind sb.of sth. break down communicate with 13．________________
回想 14．___________________
有作用(关系，影响) 15．________________
抓住 think back to make a difference to get hold of 1．as引导非限制性定语从句 I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United
Nations，or the UN，__________________________(这个名字被提到的更多)． 典型句式 as it is more often referred to 2．to have done动词不定式的完成时 I feel very honoured ________________________(能够担当) this role. to have been able to take on 3．unless引导条件状语从句 One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，as in many places water is
not safe to drink ___________________(除非把水煮沸后)． unless it is boiled 4．to do作结果状语 Arrived here ____________________________(发现一切都是乱糟糟的)． to find everything was in chaos 5．If only＋句子 ______________________________ (要是有更多的人)donating money to charities! If only there were more people 虚拟语气(Ⅱ) 1．(2012·泰州期末联考)—Are you a newcomer? —Yes，is there anything important? —Class regulations require ________ 单元语法 is the last to leave the classroom ________ off all the lights. A．who；should turn B．whom；shall turn C．whomever；turns
D．whoever；turn 解析：选D。本题考查虚拟语气。第三句句意：班规要求无论是谁，只要是最后一个离开教室的人应关掉所有的灯。require后接的宾语从句中应该用should＋动词原形形式，其中should可以省略，表示任何人的时候最好用whoever。所以本题应该选择D。 2．________ anyone call，please tell him I’m not free. A．Must
B．Can C．May
D．Should 解析：选D。本题考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了if的虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him I’m not free.当if省略时，句子要用倒装，故D项正确。 3．(2012·合肥质检三)—Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies. —Well.________ you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games. A．As if
B．Even if C．If only
D．Only if 解析：选C。本题考查虚拟语气。as if好像；even if即使；if only但愿，要是……就好了；only if只有在……时候。联系语境可推知，要是你没有浪费那么多时间玩游戏的话就好了。即学习成绩就会好的。答语与过去事实相反，故C项正确。 4．(2012·皖南八校联考)Without the help of my English teacher，I ________ the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. A．would win
B．would have won C．would not win
D．would not have won 解析：选D。本题考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故要用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式，因此D项符合题意。 5．(2012·海淀区调研)If we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river ________ so seriously now. A．is not polluted B．would not be polluted C．had not been polluted D．would not have been polluted 解析：选B。考查虚拟语气的用法。这是一个错综虚拟条件句，条件句是对过去情况的虚拟，而主句则是对现在情况的虚拟，由此可知B项正确。 考点串讲讲练互动 单词精研 1
lack n．&vt.缺乏 (教材P49)When there is a lack of food，there is hunger. 只要缺乏食物，就会有饥饿。 归纳拓展 ①(牛津P1127)There was no lack of volunteers. 志愿者不乏其人。 ②(朗文P1146)Robbery charges were dropped for lack of evidence.抢劫指控因证据不足被撤回。