语法专题十二 形容词和副词
形容词用来修饰名词,常放在名词前作定语,或者放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者整个句子,其位置比较灵活。高考经常考查形容词和副词的辨析,以及副词短语的辨析。
考点一 形容词作定语的排列顺序
几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(a,the,these)+数量形容词(two,three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧或年龄(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wool,steel)+目的或用途+名词。
an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯
考点二 倍数表达法
1.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B
4.A is+倍数+that+of+B
5.A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句
This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。
考点三 形容词、副词的比较级
1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。
2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
这工作没有你想象的那么难。
3.“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
The taller of the two boys is my cousin.
两个男孩中个子高的那个是我表哥。
4.a+形容词比较级+名词表示“一个更……的……”。
If you study hard,you are sure to have a better future.
如果你努力学习,你一定会有个更好的未来。
5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。by far用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
他目前是两兄弟中较高的。
6.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
The more we do for the people,the happier we'll be.
我们为人民做得越多,就越幸福。
7.不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构,表示“越来越……”。
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。
8.no+比较级+than表示“和……一样不”。
He is no taller than his brother.
他和他哥哥一样矮。
9.more...than...表示一个人两种品质的比较,意为“与其……倒不如……”。
He is more shy than unfriendly.
与其说他不友善,还不如说他腼腆。
考点四 形容词与副词的最高级
1.最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite等。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
正在修建的那座桥是目前横跨黄河的最长的桥。
2.否定词+比较级=最高级。
I have never seen a better film.
我从未看过更精彩的电影。(这是我看过的最精彩的)
3.“比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示最高级意义,意思为“比其他任何……都……”。
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
他比他班里其他男孩都高。
考点五 常用as...as...结构的词组
1.as long as 只要;有……之久
I will work as long as I live.只要活着,我就要工作。
2.as far as 到……地点;就……而言
As far as I know,he is reliable.
就我所知,他是一个可靠的人。
3.as high as 高达……
The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400.
在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。
4.as soon as 一……就
I will call you up as soon as I get there.
我一到那里就给你打电话。
5.as well as 既……又;和……一样好
He who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge.
他弹钢琴与他父亲一样好,既有知识又有经验。
6.as good as 与……一样;几乎;简直;和……一样好
He is as good as dead.他如同死了一般。
考点六 兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。常见的有:
close接近(指距离)——closely仔细地,密切地
free免费——freely自由地,自如地
deep深——deeply深刻地,深入地
hard努力地——hardly几乎不
wide宽阔——widely广泛地
high高——highly高度地
late晚、迟——lately近来
near邻近——nearly几乎
most最——mostly主要地;绝大多数地
pretty 相当地——prettily 优美地
just 正好——justly 公正地
I can hardly believe that he doesn't work hard.
我几乎不能相信他工作不努力。
考点七 无比较意义的比较级句型归纳
1.no more than =only 只有,仅仅,只不过
There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.
大厅里只有100人。
2.not more than=at the most 不超过,至多
There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.
大厅里至多100人。
3.no less than 多达,不少于
He walks no less than five miles to school.
他上学至少要走五英里。
4.less than 不到,不太,极不
Doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.
医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。
5.more than 多于,超过(=over,后接数词);不只是(=not only,后接名词、动词或副词);非常,十分(=very,后接形容词、副词、动词或分词);难以,完全不能(用于more than...can...)
I am more than happy to meet you here.
在这遇见你我非常高兴。
6.more or less(=almost,nearly,about)基本上,差不多,大约
The work is more or less finished.
工作基本上完成了。
7.sooner or later 迟早,早晚,总有一天
You will succeed sooner or later.你总有一天会成功的。
8.what's more 而且,此外
I missed the bus and had to walk home.What's more,it was raining.
我错过了公交车不得不走回家,而且天又下着雨。
9.no sooner...than...一……就……
No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.
他一到家,就开始下雨了。
1.(2012·课标全国高考)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much ______.
A.the best B.best C.better D.the better
2.(2012·课标全国高考)This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as
B.as half good as
C.as good as half
D.good as half as
3.(2012·全国高考Ⅱ)Next to biology,I like physics ______.
A.better
B.best
C.the better
D.very well
4.(2012·北京高考)Many people have donated that type of blood; however,the blood bank needs ______.
A.some
B.less
C.much
D.more
5.(2012·天津高考)The dog may be a good companion for the old.______,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.Besides
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Instead
6.(2012·天津高考)The secretary arranged a(n)______ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
A.important
B.spare
C.public
D.convenient
7.(2012·安徽高考)Interest is as ______ to learning as the ability to understand,even more so.
A.vital
B.available
C.specific
D.similar
8.(2012·安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often thought to be the richest woman in the world.______,her personal wealth seems rather small.
A.Besides
B.Otherwise
C.However
D.Altogether
9.(2012·福建高考)Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be ______ respected.
A.especially
B.equally
C.naturally
D.normally
10.(2012·福建高考)—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
—Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______.
A.available
B.affordable
C.acceptable
D.valuable
11.(2012·浙江高考)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ______,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
A.all in all
B.for one thingC.on the contrary
D.by the way
12.(2012·湖北高考)“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested______ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
A.tentatively
B.thoughtlessly
C.definitely
D.rudely
13.(2012·湖北高考)Can you tell the______difference between the words “require” and “request”?I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.
A.dramatic
B.regional
C.apparent
D.subtle
14.(2012·湖北高考)Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained______;people are still looking for other possible solutions.
A.unchallenged
B.relevant
C.controversial
D.contradictory
15.(2012·湖南高考)Bicycling is good exercise; ______,it does not pollute the air.
A.nevertheless
B.besides
C.otherwise
D.therefore
16.(2012·辽宁高考)We used to see each other
______,but I haven't heard from him since last year.
A.especially
B.regularly
C.particularly
D.approximately
17.(2012·山东高考)Be ______—you can't expect me to finish all his work in so little time.
A.reasonable
B.confident
C.creative
D.grateful
18.(2012·四川高考)The hotel is almost finished,but it______needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.
A.only
B.also
C.even
D.still
19.(2012·四川高考)This training program can give you a lift at work,______increase your income by 40%.
A.as well as
B.so long as
C.so much as
D.as soon as
20.(2012·四川高考)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make______difference to me.
A.that a big
B.a that big
C.big a that
D.that big a
21.(2012·浙江高考)The research lacks ______ evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.
A.solid
B.fierceC.severe
D.potential
22.(2012·浙江高考)Mike was usually so careful,______this time he made a small mistake.
A.yet
B.still
C.even
D.thus
23.(2011·课标全国高考)The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.
A.rather than
B.other than
C.more than
D.better than
24.(2011·全国高考Ⅱ)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is ______ another to play it well yourself.
A.quite
B.very
C.rather
D.much
25.(2011·全国高考Ⅱ)Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______ boss.
A.better
B.good
C.best
D.still better
26.(2010·上海高考)When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage,she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.
A.so few
B.such few
C.so little
D.such little
27.(2011·湖北高考)The old engineer's eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ______,though slow.
A.shaky
B.heavy
C.casual
D.steady
28.(2011·湖北高考)An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person's character;however,they are not always ______.
A.practical
B.avoidable
C.permanent
D.beneficial
29.(2011·湖北高考)The staterun company is required to make its accounts as ______ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A.transparent
B.reasonable
C.secure
D.formal
30.(2011·江西高考)—The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
—Why?It's ______ than the films I have ever seen.
A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.any less interesting
31.(2011·江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.______,I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
A.Besides
B.Therefore
C.Somehow
D.Otherwise
32.(2011·辽宁高考)No matter how ______,it is not necessarily lifeless.
A.a desert may be dryB.dry a desert may be
C.may a desert be dry
D.dry may a desert be
33.(2011·江西高考)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ______ about her job.
A.special
B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
34.(2011·江苏高考)In that school,English is compulsory for all students,but French and Russian are ______.
A.special
B.regional
C.optional
D.original
35.(2011·安徽高考)To be great,you must be smart,confident,and,______,honest.
A.therefore
B.above all
C.however
D.after all
36.(2011·安徽高考)______,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A.Hopefully
B.Normally
C.Thankfully
D.Conveniently
37.(2011·浙江高考)Since people are fond of humor,it is as welcome in conversation as ______ else.
A.anything
B.somethingC.anywhere
D.somewhere
38.(2011·浙江高考)The professor could tell by the ______ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
A.cold
B.blank
C.innocent
D.fresh
39.(2011·浙江高考)I've been writing this report ______ for the last two weeks,but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally
B.immediately
C.occasionally
D.certainly
40.(2016·浙江杭州七校联考)Some people are very ______ and enjoy making their own home repairs.But for others,a broken chair means one thing:It's time to call a repairman.
A.lazy
B.handy
C.patient
D.diligent
41.(2016·浙江名校联盟第一次联考)The clock is ticking—we don't have much time.We must take action ______.
A.frequently
B.anxiously
C.casually
D.immediately
42.(2016·河南中原名校联考)—You shouldn't have said that.Look! She is getting ______.
—But I meant no harm.
A.unfair
B.unconcerned
C.unmoved
D.uneasy
43.(2016·云南昆明摸底调研)John intended to be a famous singer;______,he has a long way to go now.
A.therefore
B.meanwhile
C.however
D.otherwise
44.(2016·河北普通高中教学质监)Hainan is a very large island and it's the second ______ island in China.
A.large
B.larger
C.largest
D.most large
45.(2016·福建三明期中)We used to see each other______,but I haven't heard from him since last year.
A.especially
B.regularly
C.particularly
D.approximately
46.(2016·河南洛阳一练)—Have your living conditions improved?
—No,______than before,I'm afraid.
A.no better
B.not better
C.not worse
D.no worse
1.D 句意:结果不是非常重要,不过如果我们赢了,那就再好不过了。so much the better “再好不过”。
2.A 如果表示两个饭店一样好,应用as good as,在比较句型中,程度状语应放在第一个as或比较级之前,所以答案为A项。
3.B 句意:除了生物,我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选A项,其实此处并没有把生物和物理作比较。
4.D 句意:很多人捐献了那种血型,但是血库需要更多。根据句意可知选D项。
5.B 句意:狗可能是老年人的一个好伴侣,然而,需要带它散步可能就是一个不利因素。besides此外,而且;however然而;therefore因此;instead相反,代替。
6.D 句意:秘书安排了一个合适的时间和地点让求职者们参加面试。important重要的;spare多余的,备用的;public公众的,公共的;convenient方便的,合适的。
7.A vital“极其重要的,必不可少的”;available “可用的,在手边的,可利用的”;specific “明确的,具体的”;similar“相似的”。句意:兴趣对于学习就像理解能力一样重要,甚至还要重要。由句意可知,A项符合题意。
8.C 句意:伊丽莎白二世女王通常被认为是世界上最富有的女人。然而,她的个人财富却好像很少。besides“此外,而且,加之”;otherwise“否则,要不然”;however“然而”;altogether“总而言之,完全地,总共”。由句意可知,C项符合题意。
9.B especially意为“尤其”;equally意为“平等地”;naturally意为“自然地”;normally意为“正常地,常态地”。此处用equally “平等地”来表示an official与a bus driver应该受到同等地尊敬。故选B项。
10.A available意为“可用的,可得到的,可找到的”;affordable意为“负担得起,支付得起”;acceptable意为“可以接受的”;valuable意为“有价值的”。句意:——你能借给我那本《飘》吗?——对不起。我刚才把它还给图书馆了。也许它还能借到。故选A项。
11.C 句意:布朗说他一点儿也不恼火,相反,他很高兴能够让别人清楚地理解他的想法。all in all“总而言之,总的说来”;for one thing“首先,一则”;on the contrary “(与此)相反,正相反”;by the way“顺便说说,顺便提起”。
12.A 句意:父亲向前来讨论这个问题的邻居试探性地建议:“或许,我们需要请史密斯博士来看看我们能为此做些什么。”tentatively“试探性地,犹豫地”;thoughtlessly“轻率地,欠考虑地”;definitely“明确地,确切地”;rudely“粗鲁地,不礼貌地”。
13.D 句意:你能告诉我“require”和“request”这两个词之间的细微区别吗?我有时会被它们的意思弄糊涂了。dramatic“戏剧性的,显著的”;regional“地区的,区域的”;apparent“显而易见的,明白易懂的”;subtle“微妙的,细微的”。
14.C 考查形容词辨析。句意:这个地区的这些建筑是否应该被拆除仍然存在争议,人们还在寻找其他可行的解决方案。unchallenged“未受质疑的,无异议的”;relevant“紧密相关的,切题的”;controversial“有争议的,引起争议的”;contradictory“矛盾的,抵触的”。
15.B 句意:骑自行车是一种良好的锻炼,此外,它也不会污染空气。nevertheless“然而,不过”;besides“此外,而且”;otherwise“否则,不然”;therefore“因此”。根据句意,B项正确。
16.B 句意:我们以前经常见面,但自从去年就没有收到他的来信了。especially “尤其,特别”; regularly“有规律地,定期地”;particularly“特别,尤其”; approximately “大约”。根据句意,B项正确。
17.A 句意:讲点儿道理好不好,你不能指望我在这么短的时间里完成所有的工作啊。reasonable“合理的,公道的,通情达理的”;confident “自信的,确信的”;creative“创造性的”;grateful“感激的,感谢的”。故选A项。
18.D 句意:这家旅馆就要竣工了,但仍然需要一两周才能向客人开放。still“仍然”符合句意。
19.A as well as“也,和,除了”;so long as“只要”;so much as“甚至于”;as soon as“一……就……”。句意:这次培训项目除了提高你工资的40%外,还可以使你在工作上得以晋升。故选A项。
20.D that在此句中是副词,相当于so的用法,修饰形容词big。故选D项。句意:我每周赚2000美元,60美元对我而言根本没什么影响。
21.A 句意:这项研究缺乏可靠的证据,因此,其结论是令人怀疑的。solid“可靠的,可信赖的”;fierce“强烈的,极度的”;severe“非常的,严重的”;potential“潜在的,可能的”。
22.A 句意:迈克通常特别细心,然而这次他犯了一个小错误。前后两句显然是转折关系,故用yet表示“然而”。
23.B rather than意为“而不是”;other than意为“除了”;more than意为“超过,不仅仅”;better than意为“好于,优于”。句意:这张表格除了你本人外,不能由任何人代签。
24.A quite another表示“完全不同”。句意:喜欢听好音乐是一回事,但你自己演奏得好完全是另一回事。
25.A “can't/couldn't...比较级”表达最高级含义。注意“—”表示解释说明,根据前一句“Mr.Stevenson is great to work for”可知,史蒂文森是一个不错的老板,因此说“我真的不能找到一个比他还好的老板了”,表示在我看来他是最好的。26.C few只修饰可数名词,排除掉选项A和B,因为money是不可数名词;当little,much,few,many等表示数量多少的词修饰名词时,通常与so连用。
27.D shaky “摇晃的”;heavy“沉重的”; casual“随便的,漫不经心的”; steady“稳定的”。句意:这位年迈的工程师穿过房间,脚步很慢却步伐稳健,布满皱纹的古铜色的脸上目光炯炯。28.C practical “实际的;实用的”; avoidable“可以避免的” ; permanent“永久的;持久的”;beneficial “有益的”。句意:一个不幸的童年或许会对一个人的性格产生消极影响,然而这些影响也不会一直持久存在下去。故C项正确。
29.A transparent “透明的”; reasonable“合理的”;secure“安全的”;formal“正式的”。句意:国有企业要求账务做得尽可能的公开透明,让全体员工都能监督资金的使用。故A项正确。
30.A 根据题中“not a bit interesting”可知,说话人认为这部电影实在是没意思。再根据答语中“Why?”可知,第二个人并不同意第一个人的看法,所以答案为A项。far more“多得多,更加”。
31.A 根据题中“The house was too expensive and too big.”可知,这座房子太大又太昂贵,而且说话人越来越喜欢自己租的小房子,由此推断说话人不倾向于买房子。前后两句为递进关系,答案为A项,besides,意思是“此外,而且”。B项“因此,所以”;C项“以某种方式,不知怎的”;D项“否则,要不然”。
32.B 句意:无论沙漠多么干燥,它都不一定是没有生物生长的。how或者no matter how在引导从句的同时,还要修饰形容词或者副词。dry是形容词,所以一定要紧跟在how的后面,但是其他成分要在句子中保持原来的位置,不能前移。故选B项。
33.D 句意:她已经尽全力了,请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。根据题意可知答案为D项particular,在此意思是“挑剔的,苛刻的”。A项“特别的”;B项“负责的”;C项“不同寻常的”。
34.C 句意:在那所学校,英语是所有学生必修的,但是法语和俄语则是可以选修的。special“特殊的,特别的”;regional “地区的,区域的”;optional“可选的,并非必须的”;original“起初的,原来的”。
35.B 句意:要想成为一个伟大的人,你必须得聪明、自信,并且最重要的是诚实。therefore“因此,所以”;above all“首先,尤其是,最重要的是”;however“然而,可是”;after all“毕竟,终究”。
36.C hopefully“有希望地,有前途地”;normally“正常地,一般地,通常,常态地”;thankfully“感谢地,感激地”;conveniently“方便地,便利地”。句意:谢天谢地,我设法通过了比赛,因而为此所受的苦最终是值得的。
37.C 句意:因为人们喜欢幽默,所以它在交际以及任何场合下都受到人们的欢迎。anything “任何东西”;something“某些东西”;anywhere“任何地方”;somewhere“有些地方”。根据句意,强调任意场合,故选C项。
38.B cold“冷的,冷淡的”;blank“茫然的,无表情的”;innocent“天真的,清白的,无辜的”;fresh“新鲜的,清新的”。句意:从玛丽亚茫然的眼神中教授能够断定她根本不明白他讲课的内容。故选B项。
39.C finally“最后”;immediately“立刻,马上”;occasionally“偶尔,有时候,不时地”;certainly “当然,必定”。
40.B 句意:一些人总是手巧的,喜欢自己做些维修工作。但对其他人来说,一把坏了的椅子意味着一件事:该叫维修工了。lazy“懒散的”;handy“方便的,手巧的”;patient“耐心的”;diligent“勤奋的”。根据句意可知B项正确。
41.D 钟表在滴答滴答的跑着,我们没有很多时间了。我们必须立刻采取行动。frequently“频繁地”;anxiously“着急地”;casually“随便地”;immediately“立刻,马上”。
42.D 考查形容词辨析。句意:——你不该那么说。你看,她变得非常不安了。——我没有恶意。unfair“不公平的”;unconcerned“不关心的”;uneasy“不安的”。
43.C 句意:约翰打算成为歌唱明星,但是,他还有很长的一段路要走。前后是转折关系,故选C项。therefore“因此”;meanwhile“与此同时”;however“然而”;otherwise“否则,要不然”。
44.C 句意:海南岛是一个非常大的岛,是中国第二大岛。序数词the second后用最高级形式,表示“第二大岛”。
45.B 句意:我们以前经常见面,但自从去年就没有收到他的来信。especially“尤其,特别”;regularly“定期地”;particularly“特殊地”;approximately“近似,大约”。根据句意选B项。
46.A 句意:——你的生活条件改善了吗?——没有,恐怕不比以前的好。no better than“和……一样差”。
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