课时作业(二十二) 必修4 Unit 11 The Media
.完形填空
(2012·福州高中毕业班质量检查)
As the hour hand reaches 10 at night，Paul Lee，a 12th Grade student in Beijing，is getting ready to leave school and start his homework.He is not__1__：many high school students throughout the country__2__exactly the same routine.
Most American students are__3__when they hear about this busy__4__.This is not surprising when you consider the different attitudes towards__5__in the two countries.
American students have stress，but it is of a very different kind.__6__Chinese universities accept students__7__mainly on one examination score，American universities take applicants who are not just academically__8__，but also good at social activities.
American students are__9__to become allrounders，and it can be stressful，but they don’t lose their fun，while some Chinese students have no__10__in going out and having fun.
In fact，the efforts required to improve academic__11__make some Chinese students very unhappy.__12__competition between students also causes problems.“I feel pressured to do well in exams__13__the class ranking，”said James Zhan，an 11th Grade Chinese student.“It would be embarrassing if I came__14__of my class.”
Some teachers agree that the ranking system can__15__more harm than good.“It means schools put pressure on their students rather than__16__their skills，” said Chang Xueying，a teacher in Beijing.
Regardless of the pressure，__17__，there are ways in which students can__18__their lives.“I always run when I don’t feel like doing homework，it__19__to reduce the stress，” said Tracy Yuan，a Chinese student.But in America，community service，art and music，are also__20__among American students besides sports.They think they learn more out of school than they do in school. 1．A.tired B．alone
C．away
D．lively
2．A.break
B．ignore
C．observe
D．follow
3．A.shocked
B．embarrassed
C．delighted
D．worried
4．A.hour
B．lesson
C．schedule
D．project
5．A.education
B．development
C．situation
D．management
6．A.As
B．If
C．Since
D．While
7．A.fixed
B．based
C．built
D．focused
8．A.hard
B．valuable
C．available
D．strong
9．A.forced
B．appointed
C．expected
D．selected
10．A.experience
B．difficulty
C．sense
D．point
11．A.acting
B．campaign
C．profession
D．performance
12．A.Frightening
B．Fair
C．Fierce
D．Reasonable
13．A.instead of
B．out of
C．ahead of
D．because of
14．A.free
B．bottom
C．proud
D．top
15．A.give
B．make
C．do
D．get
16．A.protecting
B．studying
C．mastering
D．developing
17．A.though
B．therefore
C．otherwise
D．instead
18．A.devote
B．balance
C．take
D．save
19．A.fails
B．needs
C．demands
D．helps
20．A.lively
B．active
C．popular
D．relative
.阅读理解
A
(2016·山西太原五校检测)
There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own ideas of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us possesses unique differences in
genetic
ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities，it is necessarily true that we must define success
broadly.
For some people，simply being able to live their life with
the least misery and suffering is considered a success.Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep，enjoys his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature，and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of him and accepted by his family and his society.On the other hand，it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions，many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success.Because not all ventures can be successful，one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success，but if one has selfcconfidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at a too low level of achievement.
A wise man once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration (挫败) with his own professional success，“You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling.Sometimes one can be very successful merely
by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown.” The man added，“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success
until
you
have
been
unsuccessful
at something you really like，and to which you have given your best effort.”
1．According to the first paragraph，what is implied as basics in achieving success?
A．Ability and goals.
B．Goals and determination. C．Ability and environments.
D．Goals and environments.
2．Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because________.
A．their life is busy and miserable
B．they haven’t reached their own standards
C．they set their goals at a too low level
D．they are not rich in material possessions
3．From the last paragraph we can tell that________.
A．success means achieving great goals
B．success comes from setting great goals
C．success means efforts and favorites pay off
D．success has nothing to do with the distance of your travel
B
(2016·长沙二模)
Handling a wad of cash may be as good at killing pain than ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin，a new study suggests.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota carried out a series of studies which showed those who counted money before taking part in an experiment where they were subjected to low levels of pain felt less discomfort than those who did not.
It’s thought that fondling notes and coins helps ward off pain by boosting feelings ofselfworth and selfsufficiency.
Previous studies have shown those with a greater sense of selfworth may be more likely to bear pain.Britain spends at least ￡500 million a year on overthecounter painkilling pills and the figure is increasing every year.But scientists remain puzzled by why some people appear to feel pain more easily than others.In the latest study，a group of students were asked to count out a wad of cash consisting of 80 onehundred dollar bills，or just 80 slips of blank paper.They had been told researchers were simply testing their dexterity (熟练) in handling the notes.
Each volunteer was then asked to dip their hands into a bowl of very hot water，to see how painful they found it and how long they could last.The results，published in a recent edition of the journal Psychological Science，showed those who had handled money reported less pain and lasted longer.The results support other studies highlighting how the brain can be tuned to fight off pain without the use of pills.
A University of Los Angeles team of scientists found just looking at a photograph of a loved one can also be a powerful form of pain relief.They recommended anyone visiting hospital for painful tests or examinations should bring a picture to help them cope.
And patients who have had major surgery，such as a knee or hip replacement，can halve the amount of painkilling medicine they need simply by stroking a pet，according to tests at Loyola University in Chicago.
4．Handling money can prevent pain because ________.
A．we are confident in our usefulness
B．we can afford the expenses of the treatment
C．we can do everything with the money
D．we can’t live without money
5．The phrase “overthecounter painkilling pills” refer to pills________.
A．that can be obtained outside the drug store
B．that can be bought without a prescription
C．that are placed on the counter of the store
D．that are purchased with a written order from a doctor
6．Which of the following may least kill pain?
A．Counting out a wad of cashes.
B．Looking at the picture of a loved one.
C．Handling a group of blank paper.
D．Walking a pet.
7．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Money Makes Something Impossible Possible
B．Money Has a Magic Power in Treating Patients
C．Money Brings Comfort to Pain Suffers
D．Money Kills Pains Better than Aspirin
8．We can infer that the passage is________.
A．a research report on the role of moneyB．a kind of medicine instructions
C．an introduction to a new medicine
D．a description of natural reaction to a medicine
答案：
课时作业(二十二)
.完形填空
语篇解读： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了中国学生的作业多和考试压力大，每天都忙于学习和考试，而美国学生同样有压力，但他们的压力主要来自学术钻研和社会活动。
1．解析： 根据后半句的“many high school students throughout the country...”可知，不是只有Paul Lee一个人的课业压力大，全国很多高中生都是一样的。所以应选alone，意为“单独的，孤独的”，符合语境。
答案： B
2．解析： 根据语境可知，全国很多的高中生也都遵从同样的日程。follow意为“遵从，跟随”，符合语境；break意为“打破，弄坏”；ignore意为“忽视，忽略”；observe意为“观察，注意到”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
3．解析： 根据上下文语境可知，此处应填shocked，意为“震惊的，吃惊的”，表示很多美国学生听到中国学生如此忙而感到很震惊。embarrassed意为“尴尬的，窘迫的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”；worried意为“担心的”，均不符合语境。
答案： A
4．解析： hour意为“小时，钟头”；lesson意为“课程，教训”；schedule意为“日程；安排”；project意为“工程，计划”。由语境可知，此处指中国学生忙碌的日程和安排。schedule符合语境。
答案： C
5．解析： education意为“教育”；development意为“发展，开发”；situation意为“情况，形势”；management意为“管理”。根据语境可知，这里指的应是中美两国之间的教育理念不同。education最符合语境。
答案： A
6．解析： 根据语境可知，中美两国之间的情况形成鲜明对比，一个只注重考试分数，一个既关注学术能力的强弱，又注重社会活动能力，前后两句之间为转折关系，所以应用表示转折关系的连词while，意为“虽然，然而”，符合语境。
答案： D
7．解析： 根据语境可知，中国的大学录取学生是基于一次考试的分数。base on 意为“基于，以……为根据”，符合语境；fix on意为“确定，固定”；build on意为“依赖，依靠”；focus on意为“集中于”，均不符合语境。
答案： B
8．解析： 根据语境可知，美国大学需要学生不仅在学术方面要很强大，而且还要擅长社会活动。 strong意为“强大的，坚强的”，符合语境；hard意为“艰难的；坚硬的”；valuable意为“有价值的，贵重的”；available意为“有效的，可利用的”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
9．解析： 根据语境可知，美国的学生被期望成为全才。expect意为“期望，期待”，符合语境；force意为“强迫，推动”；appoint意为“指定，任命”；select意为“精选，挑选”，均不符合语境。
答案： C
10．解析： experience意为“经验，经历”；difficulty意为“困难，困境”；sense意为“感觉，官能”；point意为“得分，要点”。根据语境可知，中国的一些学生没有外出游玩的经历。experience最符合语境。答案： A
11．解析： 根据语境可知，提高学术成绩所需的巨大努力让中国学生感到很烦恼。performance意为“业绩，绩效”，符合语境；acting意为“演技，演戏”；campaign意为“战役，活动，运动”；profession意为“职业，专业”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
12．解析： frightening意为“令人恐惧的”；fair意为“公平的”；fierce意为“激烈的，猛烈的”；reasonable意为“合理的，公道的”。根据语境可知，学生之间的激烈竞争也会产生一些问题。fierce最符合语境。
答案： C
13．解析： 根据语境可知，由于班级排名的影响，学生们感到考试压力很大。because of意为“因为，由于”，符合语境；instead of意为“代替；而不是”；out of意为“在……之外”；ahead of意为“在……之前”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
14．解析： free意为“免费的；自由的”，bottom意为“底部的，末端的”；proud意为“自豪的，得意的”；top意为“顶部的”。根据语境可知，如果在班级里排名最末的话，学生们会感到很窘迫。bottom最符合语境。
答案： B
15．解析： 句意为：一些老师认为，排名体系弊大于利。do harm为固定搭配，意为“有害处，不利”，符合语境；give意为“给，给予”；make意为“制造，使得”；get意为“得到，获得”，均不符合语境。
答案： C
16．解析： 根据语境可知，学校只是在给学生施加压力，而不是发展学生们的技能。develop意为“发展，开发”，符合语境；protect意为“保护，防卫”；study意为“学习，研究”；master意为“掌握，控制”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
17．解析： 根据语境可知，尽管有压力，但学生们还是有办法可以让生活保持平衡。though意为“尽管，虽然”，符合语境；therefore意为“因此，所以”；otherwise意为“否则，另外”；instead意为“相反，反而”，均不符合语境。
答案： A
18．解析： 根据语境可知，此处是指让学生们的生活保持平衡。balance意为“使平衡，保持平衡”，符合语境；devote意为“致力于，奉献”；take意为“拿，取”；save意为“节省，挽救”；均不符合语境。
答案： B
19．解析： 根据语境可知，跑步有利于减压。help意为“帮助，有利于”，符合语境；fail意为“失败”；need意为“需要，要求”；demand意为“要求，需求”，均不符合语境。
答案： D
20．解析： lively意为“活泼的，生动的”；active意为“活跃的，积极的”；popular意为“流行的，受欢迎的”；relative意为“相对的”。根据语境可知，除了体育，社区服务、艺术和音乐在美国学生中也很受欢迎。popular最符合语境。
答案： C
.阅读理解
语篇解读： 在本篇文章中，作者从不同的角度定义了成功。
1．解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段的最后一句可知，因为我们每个人拥有的遗传的能力和有利的环境不同，所以我们对成功的定义很宽泛。由此可以推断，作者认为能力和环境是取得成功的基本条件。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。文章第二段的倒数第二句指出，有的人已经很富有了却认为自己不成功是因为他们是根据自己的目标判断成功与否的。
答案： B
3．解析： 推理判断题。文章最后一句指出，在没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，失败都不算是真正的失败，由此可推知，C项正确。
答案： C
语篇解读： 本文是一篇科普类文章。研究发现，通过数钱、看自己喜欢的画、养宠物等都可以减轻痛苦。
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s thought that fondling notes and coins helps ward off pain by boosting feelings of selfworth and selfsufficiency.”可知，数钱可以带来自我价值和自我满足感，从而有助于止痛，故答案选A。
答案： A
5．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Handling a wad of cash may be as good at killing pain than ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin...”可知，本文是将数钱和ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin进行比较，overthecounter painkilling pills就是指第一段中的ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin，而这两种药可以直接在药店买，不需要开处方，故答案选B。答案： B
6．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段和最后两段可知，通过数钱、看自己喜欢的画、养宠物都可以减轻痛苦，只有C项在文中没有涉及，故答案选C。
答案： C
7．解析： 标题概括题。根据第一段可知，一项新的研究表明，比起止痛药布洛芬和阿司匹林，数钱也许更能有效止痛。
答案： D
8．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“a new study suggests”和第二段中的“Researchers...”可知，本文是一篇有关金钱作用的报道，故答案选A。
答案： A