语法专题八 倒装句
谓语动词放在主语之前的语法现象称为倒装。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。完全倒装是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而部分倒装是指将助动词、情态动词或be动词等置于主语之前。考点一 完全倒装
1．表示方位的副词（如：there，here，up，down，out，in，away等）位于句首，句子谓语是go，come，run等不及物动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.
Here he comes.
2．当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。
South of the city lies a factory.
3．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
1）形容词＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were some experts.
2）过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they walked to work.
3）介词短语＋be＋主语
Among the goods are flowers，candles and toys.
考点二 部分倒装
1．句子以never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means，not until，not a word，not a single，on no condition，in no case等否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。
Never will he come back to the factory.
In no case will he give it up.
2．当句子用so，nor，neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装，其常见句型是：so/neither/nor＋be（have/do等助动词或情态动词）＋主语。
Tom likes English，and so do I.
3．在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，当为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
4．as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用任何冠词。
Try as she might，she couldn't open the door.
Child as he is，he knows a lot.
5．在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should要提到句首构成倒装。
Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.
6．当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意only＋主语放句首时不倒装。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
Only you can help me.
7．用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed!
8．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。
Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it.
1．（2012·重庆高考）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor ______ it a thought.
A．does he even give B．he even gives
C．will he even give
D．he will even give
2．（2012·天津高考）Only after Mary read her composition the second time ______ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice
B．she noticed
C．does she notice
D．she has noticed
3．（2012·江西高考）Never before ______ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A．had she
B．she had
C．has she
D．she has
4．（2012·辽宁高考）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A．he had considered
B．had he considered
C．he considered
D．did he consider
5．（2012·山东高考）—I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.
—______.I can't stand all this rain.
A．I don't care
B．It's hard to say
C．So am I
D．I hope so
6．（2012·四川高考）This is not my story，nor______the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A．is there
B．there is
C．is it
D．it is
7．（2011·课标全国高考）Only when he reached the teahouse ______ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A．he realized
B．he did realize
C．realized he
D．did he realize
8．（2011·全国高考Ⅱ）Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and ______.
A．neither won't Tom
B．Tom won't either
C．Tom will too
D．so will Tom
9．（2011·福建高考）—It's nice.Never before ______ such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.
A．I have had
B．I had
C．have I had
D．had I
10．（2011·湖南高考）Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ______ a decision.
A．they reached
B．did they reach
C．they reach
D．do they reach
11．（2016·辽宁鞍山模拟）______ you take more exercise ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if；will you
B．Only if；you will
C．Unless；will you
D．Unless；you will
12．（2016·天津八中第二次月考）She is a strongwilled woman and not once ______ in to any difficulty in her life.
A．she has given
B．did she give
C．she gave
D．has she given
13．（2016·沈阳四校联考）At last they climbed up the mountain，on the top of which ______ an old temple dating back to 1500 BC.
A．is lying
B．there lies
C．does lie
D．lies
14．（2016·山东省级规范化学校期中测试）—My room gets cold at night.
—______.
A．So is mine
B．So mine is
C．So does mine
D．So mine does
15．（2016·沈阳模拟）So desperate ______ that no one could help another，each ______ to save himself and his animals.
A．was the situation；was trying
B．the situation was；trying
C．the situation was；was trying
D．was the situation；trying
16．（2016·北京四中期中）He failed in the exams and only then ______ how much time he had wasted.
A．he realized
B．did he realize
C．he had realized
D．had he realized
17．（2016·北京东城第二次联考）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A．he had considered
B．had he considered
C．he considered
D．did he consider
18．（2016·长春期中）Jim is from Mexico and doesn't speak French.______ Jack.
A．So does
B．Neither does
C．Neither is
D．It's the same with
19．（2016·甘肃天水模拟）______，you can't fool her.
A．The child though Rowena is
B．Though child Rowena is
C．A child as Rowena is
D．Child as Rowena is
20．（2016·四川南充月考）—He suffered a heavy loss in the hurricane.
—Rather.Not only ______ washed away，but also ______ his beloved wife.
A．was his house；did he lose
B．was his house；he lost
C．his house was；did he lose
D．his house was；he lost
21．（2016·昆明摸底）—Is there any secret of his success?
—At no time______.
A．he never gives up
B．he gives up
C．does he give up
D．did he give up
22．（2016·福建三明检测）Our teacher often tells us only by working hard every day______ a better university.
A．we will admit to
B．will we be admitted to
C．we will be admitted to
D．will we admit to
23．（2016·山西山大附中期中）Only when the war was over ______.
A．did everything he take back
B．was everything taken back
C．did everything take back
D．has he taken everything back
24．By the side of the Bird's Nest______，completed in 2008.
A．there standing the Water Cube
B．does the Water Cube stand
C． the Water Cube stands
D．stands the Water Cube25．Many people agree that never in history______a more splendid opening ceremony than that of the Beijing Olympics.
A．there were
B．has there beenC．there has been
D．were there
26．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case______from practice.
A．should theory separate
B．should theory be separated
C．theory should separate
D．theory should be separated
27．—I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident—So am I．Little ______the safety of the poor children.
A．did the local government care for
B．the local government cared for
C．did the local government care about
D．the local government cared about
28．Nowhere else in such a small town，I think______ a book as good as this one.
A．you get
B．you can get
C．can you get
D．you will get
29．It must be kept in mind that______ lifelong study can you survive in the highly competitive society.
A．only when
B．until then
C．only through
D．until when
30．—We have to stop talking here outside.______！
—Hurry up or we'll be late.
A．There goes the bell
B．There does the bell go
C．There the bell does go
D．Goes the bell there
31．（2016·山东莘县模块测试）If Joe's wife doesn't go to the party，______.
A．neither does he
B．neither will he
C．so does he
D．so will he
32．（2016·山西第二次诊断考试）So popular______that it attracts more than 100,000 kite fans to this city.
A．became kite flying
B．kite flying became
C．has kite flying become
D．kite flying has become
33．（2016·江西白鹭洲中学月考）Mr Lee has been busy with his work these days and seldom ______ to come over to have a chat with me.
A．have he time
B．does he have time
C．hasn't he time
D．doesn't he have time
1．C nor “也不”，表示否定意义的词位于句首，句子用部分倒装，故排除B、D两项；根据前后时态一致原则，排除A项。句意：校长不会允许课程的改变，他甚至不会给予考虑。故选C项。
2．A 句意：直到玛丽第二遍读完她的作文后，她才注意到其中的拼写错误。only及其所修饰的状语（从句）位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
3．C 表示否定意义的副词（词组）位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装，故排除B、D两项；根据语境并结合定语从句的时态可判断应使用现在完成时，排除A项。
4．D 句意：直到他三年前从教学岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。否定意义的副词置于句首时，要采用部分倒装语序；且本题采用一般过去时，故D项正确。
5．C 句意：——我不知道你怎样，我可是烦透了这样的鬼天气。——我也是。我不能忍受这样的下雨天。根据句意可知说话者双方都不喜欢那样的天气，因此选用So am I的倒装形式表示和第一人情况一样。I don't care “我不在乎”；It's hard to say “很难说”；I hope so “我希望如此”。 6．C nor放在句首，表示“也不”时，常用倒装结构。第一句句意：这不是我的故事，它也不是整个故事。主语应该是it而不是there be句型。故选C项。
7．D only位于句首，修饰状语（从句）时，主句应用部分倒装语序，把助动词did提到主句的主语之前。所以答案为D项。
8．B 此处表示“汤姆也不会来”，因是否定句，故使用either，注意too一般用于肯定句中。won't后省略了join us。此处也可以用neither/nor will Tom，A项中neither 表否定意义，所以不能再用won't。句意：简将不会参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。
9．C never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装。句意：——真不错。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料。——我很高兴你喜欢。故选C项。
10．B only后跟状语放在句首时主句应该用部分倒装。通过had discussed可知主句时态应该用一般过去时。句意：他们讨论了这件事情几个小时之后才达成了一项决议。故选B项。
11．A 句意：只有你多锻炼身体，才能够保持身体健康。“only if＋从句”放句首时主句要用倒装语序，故只有A 项正确。
12．D not为否定意义的副词，放在句首时要用部分倒装形式，根据时态可知此处要用现在完成时，故只有D项正确。
13．D 表示地点的短语on the top of which放于句首，句子要用完全倒装的形式，即把整个的谓语全部提到主语的前面，因此D项正确。
14．C 答语意为：我的房间也是这样。表示一种情况也适合另一者，要用”So＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语”结构。根据第一句话中的gets可知此处选C项。
15．D so...that...结构中，”so＋adj./adv.”放于句首时，从句要采用部分倒装形式，故排除B项和C项；第二个空为分词作状语，故有D项正确。
16．B “only＋状语”放于句首，句子要采用部分倒装形式，且时态为一般过去时，故只有B项正确。
17．D not until引导的从句放于句首时，从句不用倒装的形式，主句要用部分倒装的形式，句子用了一般过去时态，故D项正确。
18．D 句意：吉姆来自墨西哥，不会讲法语，杰克也是这样。前一分句中既有be动词也有实义动词，既有肯定也有否定，后面表达这种情况也适合另一个人时要用“It is the same with sb.”。故D项正确。
19．D as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须用倒装句序。即将名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语。名词前不用冠词。故只有D项正确。
20．B not only...but also...放句首时，not only部分要用倒装形式，but also后面的句子不用倒装形式，故B项正确。
21．C at no time “任何时候都不，决不”，为表示否定意义的介词短语，放在句首时，句子要采用部分倒装形式，且时态为一般现在时，故只有C项正确。
22．B 句意：我们老师经常告诫我们：只有每天用功学习我们才能进入一所好大学。only＋状语放句首要用部分倒装形式，故只有B项正确。
23．B only＋状语从句放句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，且everything 与take back之间为被动关系，故要用被动形式，因此只有B项正确。
24．D 由于地点状语前置，句子应采用全部倒装语序，即把整个谓语放在主语之前。句意为：鸟巢的旁边就是2008年建成的水立方。
25．B 在从句中，否定副词never置于句首，所以要用部分倒装。
26．B 由in no case可知，后面的句子应用部分倒装，同时theory和separate为动宾关系，应用被动结构，故选B项。
27．C 否定词little为否定副词，放在句首，要用部分倒装结构，故排除B项和D项。care for “喜欢”；care about “在乎，关心”。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少关心贫困儿童的安全。
28．C 否定副词nowhere位于句首，句子用部分倒装。该题I think为插入语。
29．C 句意：我们必须牢记只有终身学习你才能在高度竞争的社会中站住脚。注意到本题中can you是倒装，则应选A项或C项；A项when后接句子，C项through后接名词短语lifelong study。
30．A 本句there放句首，且句中谓语为不及物动词go，主语为名词the bell，要用完全倒装形式。故只有A项正确。
31．B 句意：如果乔的妻子不去参加聚会的话，他也不去了。此处表示“也不”；要用neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语，此处主句表示将来情况，故要选择B项。
32．C so...that...结构中，若将so...部分提到句首，句子采用部分倒装语序。故只有C项正确。
33．B 句意：李先生最近几天一直忙于工作，很少有时间来找我聊天。seldom “很少，不经常”为否定意义的副词，放于句首时要用部分倒装形式。故B项正确。