语法专题十四 动词和动词短语
英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
考点一 常用动词辨析
1.advise,persuade,suggest
advise用作及物动词,表示“劝告,忠告,建议”,强调提醒或引起注意;persuade表示“说服”,强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb.into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物动词,意为“建议”,后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring“带来,拿来,取来”,强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take“拿走,带走”,强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch“去拿来,去取来”,强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry“携带,搬运,运送”,强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeat
win表示“赢得,战胜”时,宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指“赢得人心”。
beat/defeat意为“打败,击败”,其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手;defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4.believe,believe in
believe表示“相信,认为”,侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe in表示“相信,信任,信仰,信奉”,其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day.
你应该相信自己,并且相信某天你将会成功的。
5.book,order
二者都有“订购,预订”之意,但book指订各种“票,座位”;而order指“餐馆订饭、菜,定做衣服,订货”等,常用结构:place an order for sth.with sb.向某人订购某物。对比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间;order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。
He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes.
他订了一张四人桌,并且要了六个菜。
6.choose,select,elect
choose表示“选择,挑选”,有时也表示“推选,选举”,但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择,没有elect正式。
select表示“(精心地)挑选,选定”,具有“精选”之意。
elect表示“选举”,指较大范围的正式的选举。
7.disturb,interrupt
disturb是及物动词,有“打扰,扰乱,使人心神不安”之意。常用短语:disturb the sleeping child/one's plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响;be disturbed about对……感到不安。
interrupt有“打断,打扰”之意,侧重打断。常用短语:interrupt the supplies中断供应;interrupt one's speech打断演讲。
8.hurt,injure,wound,harm
hurt是一般用语,指精神或肉体上受到的伤害,有较强烈的“疼痛”意味;
injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故对身体或精神上的“损害,损伤”;
wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤,尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤;
harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害,特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等,使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
He was injured in the car accident and his leg still hurts now.
9.miss,lose
miss意为“未能赶上(抓住),错过,失去,漏掉”。而lose意为“丢失,迷失方向,迷路”。
He missed the early bus.What's worse,his key to the car was lost.
10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit
fit用作及物或不及物动词,表示“(衣服等)合适,使合身”;be fit for是形容词短语,表示“适合的,能胜任的”,for后接名词或动名词;be fit to表示“适合,能胜任”,to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的“适合”,而fit指尺寸、大小的“合适”。
11.save,spare
save意为“储蓄,节省”,指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用,或指节省东西,避免浪费,也指“救命”。而spare意为“省”,指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。
12.seat,sit
seat是及物动词,意思是“使坐下”,可以接人作宾语,还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词,不能带宾语。
考点二 考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
1.动词+away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run away 潜逃,跑开;go away 走开。
2.动词+for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责;provide for供给;call for要求;plan for打算,为……计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for索取,寻找;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找。
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;have on穿着,戴着;pull on穿,戴;hold on不挂断,坚持,继续;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车);come on赶快。
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;hand over 移交;turn over翻转。
5.动词+up构成的短语动词有:
bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走上前来,长出;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放弃;go up 上升,增长;grow up 长大;look up尊敬,向上看,查寻;make up虚构,弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;show up 揭露,露面;turn up出现,把……调高一点;take up占据,开始从事。
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来;go out出去,熄灭;look out留神,当心;walk out走出;set out出发,开始;put out扑灭,生产;give out发出,发表;hand out分发;pick out挑选;find out找出,发现;speak out大声地说;turn out生产,结果是;get out出去,离开;work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通;carry out实行,执行;bring out出版;start out 出发,动身。
考点三 常见同根动词短语辨析
1.bring
bring in引进,挣得;bring about引起,导致;bring up养育,培养,呕吐,提出;bring out使展现,推出(书、唱片等);bring down降低,使倒下;bring back把……带回来,使忆起,使恢复;bring forth结果,生产,产生;bring forward提出,提前;bring off圆满完成(困难之事);bring on惹来(坏的结果),加速。
2.break
break down崩溃,瓦解,垮掉,失败,(化学)分解,(公共场所)失去理智;break up打碎,(物理)分解,分开,分成(几部分),结束,制止;break through逾越,突破,冲破;break away(from)挣脱,脱离;break out爆发;break in破门而入;break off折断,中断;break into进入建筑物以便行窃,突然发出或开始,打扰。
3.come
come about发生;come out结果出来,出版,泄露,开花;come across偶遇,被理解;come true变为现实;come up走上前,被提出,长出地面,走近,升起;come up with产生,发现(解决办法、答案等);come along一起来;come to总计,清醒过来。
4.give
give up放弃;give in屈服,呈交;give out 用尽,耗尽,分发,公布,发表,发出;give away露马脚,颁发,赠送,送掉,捐赠;give off发出。
5.go
go against违背,与……不符,对……不利;go without勉强维持,凑合,go in for爱好,参加,从事;go by过去,依据,按照;go on继续,发生;go over复习,仔细审查,走近;go ahead 进行;go through 从头到尾地阅读,经历;go away走开,外出度假,消失;go for去取来或接来,争取得到;go out出去,熄灭,过时。
6.keep
keep away(from)使远离;keep back 扣除,保留,隐瞒不讲;keep off 避开;keep on继续;keep out 挡在外边,(警示语)请勿靠近;keep up保持,不低落,持续,继续;keep up with跟上;keep down抑制(以防其增长)。
7.look
look ahead向前看;look about环顾;look after照看,负责处理;look back回忆,回顾;look out 当心,找出;look on旁观;look up 向上看,查阅,形势好转,看望;look down upon看不起;look forward to盼望;look through翻阅;look into调查,向内看;look round寻找,边走边看,观光。
8.put
put back放回原处,拨回,阻碍,推迟;put down平定,镇压,记下;put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处,储蓄;put forward提出(计划、建议),拨快,提前;put off延期;put on穿戴,上映;put out扑灭,生产;put up举起,张贴;put up with容忍。
9.take
take in吸收;take for 误认为;take out 拿出;take down 放下;take up从事,拿起,占据(时间或空间);take off 飞机起飞,脱下,休假,成功;take by攻占;take after像;take along 随身携带;take away带走,拿走,使离去;take back 收回(说错的话),退回(所购商品);take charge负责,掌管;take on呈现,雇佣;take out拿出,带……出去;take over 接管,接任;take place发生。
10.turn
turn against转而反对,使与……为敌;turn back折回,掉转头;turn away转身,走开,打发走;turn out结果是,关上(电灯),赶出,生产,制造;turn down 拒绝,调小;turn off 关掉;turn over翻过来,移交;turn in 上交(作业等),拐入;turn into变成,翻译;turn on打开,取决于;turn to求助于,翻到;turn up调大,出现。
1.(2012·课标全国高考)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can______almost every word her teacher says.
A.put out B.put down
C.put away
D.put together
2.(2012·全国高考Ⅱ)We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A.set about
B.set up
C.set out
D.set down
3.(2012·天津高考)Parents and children should communicate more to ______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A.open
B.narrow
C.widen
D.leave
4.(2012·安徽高考)The athlete's years of hard training ______ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A.went on
B.got through
C.paid off
D.ended up
5.(2012·安徽高考)You had better ______ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A.set aside
B.take up
C.put away
D.give out
6.(2012·湖北高考)Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to______our school's campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A.sponsor
B.launch
C.organize
D.plan
7.(2012·湖北高考)Finally,my thanks go to my tutor,who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and______ every page
of my draft.
A.approved
B.quoted
C.polished
D.folded
8.(2012·湖北高考)Walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to______ his courage.
A.hold up
B.keep up
C.set up
D.take up
9.(2012·湖北高考)I'm so glad you've come here to______ this matter in person.
A.lead to
B.see to
C.turn to
D.refer to
10.(2012·江苏高考)—OK,I've had enough of it.I give up.
—You can't ______ your responsibilities.
A.run off with
B.run up against
C.run out of
D.run away from11.(2012·江西高考)I've ______ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. A.come into
B.gone into
C.got into
D.run into
12.(2012·江西高考)We were all agreed that the cottage would ______ a perfect holiday home for the family. A.make
B.turn
C.take
D.have
13.(2012·辽宁高考)Rod loves ______ clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.
A.taking apartB.giving away
C.making up
D.turning off
14.(2012·陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the airconditioning system ______.
A.broke in
B.broke up
C.broke out
D.broke down
15.(2012·四川高考)It's surprising that your brother______Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
A.picked up
B.looked up
C.put up
D.made up
16.(2012·浙江高考)According to scientists,our mental abilities begin to ______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A.differ
B.shrink
C.fail
D.decline
17.(2012·浙江高考)Armed with the information you have gathered,you can ______ preparing your business plan.
A.set out
B.set about
C.set off
D.set up
18.(2011·课标全国高考)I can ______ the house being untidy,but I hate it if it's not clean.
A.come up with
B.put up with
C.turn to
D.stick to
19.(2011·课标全国高考)William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to ______.
A.disappear
B.fall
C.fail
D.damage
20.(2011·全国高考Ⅱ)Mary,I ______ John of his promise to help you.
A.told
B.reminded
C.warned
D.advised
21.(2011·湖北高考)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,but they may also ______ our thinking.
A.direct
B.limit
C.change
D.improve
22.(2011·湖北高考)The minister said,“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties,but we'll never ______ with criminals.”
A.negotiate
B.quarrel
C.argue
D.consult
23.(2011·湖北高考)Clinical evidence began to ______,suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A.operate
B.strengthen
C.approve
D.accumulate
24.(2011·湖北高考)The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A.take down
B.bring down
C.hand down
D.tear down
25.(2011·山东高考)They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic.
A.put off
B.speed up
C.turn on
D.work out
26.(2011·江西高考)You can't predict everything.Often things don't ______ as you expect.
A.run out
B.break out
C.work out
D.put out
27.(2011·江苏高考)—Are you still mad at her?
—Not really,but I can't ______ that her remarks hurt me.
A.deny
B.refuse
C.reject
D.decline
28.(2011·江苏高考)—You look upset.What's the matter?
—I had my proposal ______ again.
A.turned over
B.turned on
C.turned off
D.turned down
29.(2011·安徽高考)As the story______,the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A.begins
B.happens
C. ends
D.develops
30.(2011·安徽高考)If you ______faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A.come across
B.care about
C.look for
D.focus upon
31.(2011·浙江高考)The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to,but I suppose I'll just have to ______ it.
A.make the best of
B.get away from
C.keep an eye on
D.catch up with
32.(2011·浙江高考)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night.
A.putting down
B.putting off
C.putting on
D.putting up
33.(2011·福建高考)I'd prefer to ______ my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A.show
B.express
C.pass
D.reserve
34.(2011·福建高考)Born into a family with three brothers,David was ______ to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up
B.turned down
C.looked after
D.held back
35.(2016·浙江杭州七校联考)We shall accumulate new experience and try new solutions as new problems ______.
A.decline
B.arise
C.remain
D.exist
36.(2016·河北普通高中教学质监)The ground is slippery.Hold onto the rope and don't ______.
A.put off
B.turn up
C.let go
D.take apart
37.(2016·河南中原名校联考)When designing your house,you'd better ______ land for a garden.
A.develop
B.save
C.spare
D.share
38.(2016·河北邯郸质检)I've always ______ Bill for his courage and determination.
A.looked up to
B.lived up to
C.faced up to
D.added up to
39.(2016·昆明摸底调研)If the time is______exactly,the paper can be finished on time.
A.made out
B.figured out
C.carried out
D.put out
40.(2016·福建三明期中)The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they ______ his bag,but found nothing.
A.went through
B.looked up
C.turned in
D.searched for
41.(2016·河南洛阳一练)Yesterday's football match______as one of the most exiting matches that the two teams had ever played.
A.regarded
B.ranked
C.treated
D.took
42.(2016·江苏宿迁调研)—Tobby,it appears that we won't be ______ after all.
—Oh,but I am tired of working here anyway.
A.put off
B.sent off
C.laid off
D.seen off
1.B put out意为“伸出,长出,熄灭,扑灭,出版”;put down意为“把……放下,镇压,平息,写下,记下”;put away意为“把……收起来放好”;put together意为“把……放在一起,组合”。根据句意判断应选B项,句意:玛丽真的擅长在课堂上记笔记,她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字。
2.C set about后接doing sth.,意为“着手做某事”;set up意为“建立”,不与to do连用;set out后接to do sth.,表示“着手做某事”;set down意为“写下,登记,放下”。句意:我们着手粉刷整个房子,但那天我们只粉刷完了房子前面的部分。故选C项。
3.B 句意:为了缩小彼此间的差距,父母和子女应该更多地交流,从而更好地理解彼此。open打开,开始;narrow压缩,使变窄;widen放宽,加宽;leave离开,离去。
4.C go on“(时间)过去,灯亮,开始运行,继续,接着,进行,发生”;get through“完成,度过,(使人)明白,通过,接通(电话)”;pay off “还清(债),得到好结果,取得成功”;end up“结束,结尾,停止”。句意:当这位运动员获得了奥运金牌时,她多年的辛苦训练终于有了回报。由句意可知,C项符合题意。
5.A set aside意为“留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)”;take up意为“占据(时间、空间等),从事”;put away“把……收起,放好”;give out意为“分发,用尽”。句意:为了能使自己精力充沛,你最好每天留出一段时间来运动。故选A项。
6.A 句意:两位律师捐赠了五万美金赞助我们学校的“扶贫”活动,该活动是三年前由我们的前任校长发起的。sponsor“赞助”;launch“发动,发射”;organize“组织”;plan“计划”。
7.C 句意:最后,我要向我的导师表示感谢,他为我的论文提供了很多建议和意见,并为我的草稿的每一页都进行了润色。approve“支持,赞同”;quote“引用,引述”;polish“修改,润色”;fold“折叠,对折”。
8.B 句意:独自一个人走在黑暗中,男孩为给自己壮胆吹起了口哨。keep up one’s courage 意为“鼓足勇气”。
9.B 句意:我很高兴你来到这里亲自处理这个事件。lead to“导致,通往”;see to“处理,料理”;turn to“转向,求助,转行”;refer to“提及,查阅,参考”。
10.D run off with意为“带着……逃走,与……私奔”;run up against意为“意外地碰到,偶遇”;run out of意为“用完……,耗尽……”;ran away from意为“从……逃离,回避……”。后半句句意:你不能逃脱你自己的责任。
11.C 句意:我已经养成了在放学回家的路上去看望爷爷奶奶的习惯。get into the habit of是固定搭配,意为“养成……的习惯”。
12.A 句意:我们一致认为,那个小屋将会成为一家人度假的完美居所。make在此处意为“成为”。
13.A 句意:罗德喜欢将钟表拆开。然而,他从来不能将它们再次组装起来。take apart “拆开,拆卸”;give away“分发,赠送”; make up“构成,弥补,化装,编造”;turn off“关闭”。根据句意A项正确。
14.D 句意:他不得不时而停下来擦擦额头上的汗,因为空调坏了。break in “插话”;break up “打碎,(学校)放假,解散”;break out “爆发,发生”;break down “出毛病,停止运转”。根据句意可知选D项。
15.A pick up在此句中意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意:你哥哥学俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶——他住在那儿也没有多长时间。look up“仰望,尊敬”;put up“建造,搭起”;make up“组成,构成,弥补”。
16.D 句意:据科学家们说,我们大脑的能力在22岁达到最高水平后,从27岁开始下降。differ“不同,有异”;shrink“变小,减少,收缩”;fail “(健康、体力、视力等)衰退,减弱”;decline“下降,衰退,减退”。
17.B 句意:有了你积累的这些信息,就可以着手开始准备你的经营计划了。set out“着手,开始”,后面接动词不定式;set about“开始做某事”,后面接动名词形式;set off“出发,动身”;set up“建立,创立,竖立”。
18.B come up with意为“提出”;put up with意为“忍受,容忍”;turn to意为“转向,求助于”;stick to意为“坚持”。句意:我可以忍受房间里不整齐,但是我讨厌房间里脏。根据句意判断应选B项19.C disappear意为“消失,不见了”;fall意为“下落,(位置)下降,(力量)减退”;fail意为“失败,(健康)衰退,变弱”;damage意为“损害,毁坏”。句意:威廉发现他读书越来越困难了,因为他的视力开始衰退了。
20.B 考查动词词义辨析及搭配。根据of 的提示,首先排除A项和D项;remind sb.of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”;warn sb.of sth.表示“告诫某人某事”。句意:玛丽,我提醒了约翰要帮助你的承诺。根据句意选B项。
21.B direct “指导,导演”; limit“限制,局限”; change“改变,变化”; improve“提高,改善”。句意:如果我们想成功,学识很重要,但是它们也可能会“限制”我们的思维。
22.A negotiate “协商”; quarrel“争吵”; argue“争论”;consult“咨询;请教”。句意:部长说:“我们做好准备与任何合法党派进行磋商,但我们决不会与犯罪分子进行协商。”故只有A项符合句意。
23.D 考查动词辨析。operate“操作;经营;运转;动手术”; strengthen “增强;加强”; approve“批准;赞成”; accumulate“积累;聚积”。句意:临床证据开始累积,这表明新药物相比较于在动物身上进行实验得出的推测拥有更广泛的用途。故D项正确。
24.B take down“写下;取下”; bring down“降低” ; hand down“传递”; tear down“拆毁;拆除;扯下”。句意:政府已采取措施降低日用品的高价来维护市场的稳定。故B项符合句意。
25.B put off “推迟”;speed up“加速”;speed up the flow of traffic“使车流加速”;turn on“打开”;work out“解决,计算出”。句意:他们在拓宽桥面以使车流加速。故B项正确。
26.C 句意:你不可能预知一切。事情的结果往往不是你期望的那样。根据句意可知答案为C项work out,这里意思是“结果是,最终是”。A项“用光,耗尽”;B项“(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发”;D项“熄灭,出版,生产”。
27.A 答句句意:不生气了,但我不否认她的话伤害了我。deny“否认”;refuse“拒绝”;reject“拒绝,谢绝,驳回”;decline “辞谢,谢绝”。
28.D 句意:——你看起来很难过,怎么啦?——我的提案又被否决了。turn over“移交,交给”;turn on“打开”;turn off“关掉”;turn down“拒绝;调低”。
29.D 句意:随着故事的发展,有关这个奇怪的人物的真相被慢慢发现了。begin“开始,着手,动手”;happen“发生,偶然遇到”;end“结束,终止”;develop“发展,(使)成长,(使)发达”。由句意可知,D项符合题意。
30.A come across“偶然碰见,无意中找到,出现于,想到”;care about“在意,在乎,关心,担心”;look for“寻找”;focus upon“关注,集中于”。句意:如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病,但仍想要买,那么你可以要求店员降价。由句意可知,A项符合题意。
31.A make the best of“充分利用”;get away with“侥幸成功,逃避惩罚”;keep an eye on“留意;密切注视”;catch up with“赶上,追上”。句意:这所学校并不是我梦想的学校,但我想还是得充分利用(在这所学校学习的机会)。故选A项。
32.D put down“记下;镇压”;put off“推迟,延期”;put on“穿上,演出”;put up“搭起,张贴,为……提供食宿”。句意:他决定开车回家,而不住在宾馆里了。故选D项。
33.D show“展示,显示”;express“表达”;pass“通过,经过”;reserve“推迟,留到以后”。根据状语从句until I find all the evidence 可知,此处应用reserve表示“我暂时不想作出判断”。句意:我暂时不想作出判断,直到我找到所有的证据。故选D项。
34.A bring up“培养,教育”;turn down“拒绝,把音量调低”;look after“照顾”;hold back“抑制,阻碍”。由“出生于一个有着三个兄弟的家庭”可知,戴维应是被教育要重视分享的意义。句意:由于出生于一个有着三个兄弟的家庭,戴维被教育要重视分享的意义。故选A项。
35.B 考查动词辨析。句意:我们应该积累新的经验尝试新的解决办法,因为新问题会出现。decline “下降”;arise “出现”;remain “保持,仍是”;exist “存在,生存”。根据句意B项正确。
36.C 句意:地面滑,抓住绳子别松手。put off“拖延,延期”;turn up“出现,开大声音”;let go“松手,放手”;take apart“拆开”。
37.C 句意:设计房子的时候,你最好留出花园的地方。develop“发展,开发”;save“节省”;spare“抽出,空余”;share“分享”。
38.A 句意:我一直仰慕比尔的勇气和信心。look up to“仰视”;live up to“不辜负,履行”face up to“勇敢地面对”;add up to“加起来总共”。
39.B 句意:如果算好时间的话,就能按时做完卷子。make out“制定出”;figure out“弄明白,算出”;carry out“执行,实施”;put out“扑灭”。
40.A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:警方怀疑他携带毒品,因此他们搜查了他的包,但什么也没发现。go through“经历,仔细看”;look up“向上看,查找”;turn in“上交”;search for“搜寻,寻找”。根据句意选A项。
41.B 句意:昨天的足球赛被列为这两个队进行过的最令人兴奋的比赛之一。rank...as“列为”。其他选项要用被动形式。
42.C 句意:——托比,好像我们不会被裁下来的。——哦,但毕竟我在这里也干烦了。put off“拖延,延期”;send off“发出,派往”;lay off“裁员,下岗”;see off“送行,送别”。