Unit 3 The world of colours and light
1．____________ v.计算→____________ n.计算器→____________ n.计算
2．____________ n.印象主义→____________ n.印象→____________ vt.给……留下印象→____________ adj.给人留下深刻印象的
3．____________ adj.多变的，易变的→____________ vt.改变
4．____________ n.准许加入；承认→____________ vt.& vi.承认，认可
1．We must increase our o____________ to meet demand.
2．They r____________ the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.
3．His temper's been c____________ this week，so don't annoy him.
4．The rural s____________ was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
5．A week after his a____________ into the army，he fell ill.
6．He ran down the Beach to take his usual ____________（浸泡）in the sea.
7．We may talk of beautiful things，but beauty itself is ____________（抽象的）.
8．I need a lot of ____________（布料）if I want to make a new dress.
9．He has ____________（犯错）a serious fault.
10．It would be a good idea to predict which proposal is most likely to achieve ____________（共识）.
1．get ____________ 返回
2．come on the ____________ 上市销售
3．____________ from...to...在……和……之间变化
4．be ____________ to 渴望
5．act ____________ 担任，担当
6．be ____________ to 动身前往
7．put ____________ 上演
8．____________ up 增强，增进
9．in ____________ 以防
10．make a ____________ 预订
11．set ____________ 建立
12．be made ____________ of 由……制成
1．As you know，I am with my aunt and grandmother.
我和姑姑、奶奶在一起，这你知道。
句型提炼：as 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句。此时的定语从句位置很灵活。
2．Near the house where Picasso was born is a museum full of his art.
毕加索所出生的小屋旁边是一个放满了他的艺术品的博物馆。
句型提炼：这是倒装句。地点状语near the house提前，句子需要倒装。where Picasso was born是定语从句，先行词是the house。
3．Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早晨一离开宿舍，我们就意识到把地图忘在房间里了。
句型提炼：hardly...when...“一……就……”是固定搭配。注意：1）hardly位于句首时，句子要倒装；2）主句的时态要用过去完成时。另一类似结构是“no sooner...than...”。
4．To make string pictures，you need some card，thin string and glue.
想要制作细线画，你要有卡片、细绳和胶水。
句型提炼：to make string pictures是动词不定式短语，表示目的。
1．abandon vt.抛弃；舍弃；离弃
abandon one's home 离弃家园
abandon oneself to陷入，沉湎于……
abandoned
adj.被遗弃的
易混辨析abandon，desert
abandon “放弃，遗弃”，强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。desert 是指违背允诺，誓言或责任等，着重指违背法律责任和义务或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
①Eventually，exhaustion forced the unfortunate man to abandon the chase.
最终，这个不幸的人精疲力竭，只好放弃了追踪。
②The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth.
那个孩子的母亲生下他后不久就把他遗弃了。
反馈1.1The girl had to ______ her journey because of her mother's illness.
A．leave
B．desert
C．abandon
D．quit反馈1.2用desert，abandon填空。
（1）One friend of mine has decided to ______ his highlypaid but demanding position in his company recently.
（2）He ______ his wife and went away with all their money.
2．reward n. 报答，赏金，报酬 vt. 奖赏，给……报酬
①This is a particularly rewarding movie.这是一部很有益的电影。
②They promised to reward her if she would take part.
他们许诺说她要是参加就一定给她报酬。
③They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.
他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。
易混辨析award，reward辨析
这两个动词均有“给予奖励”之意。
award侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。
reward指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。
①The award for this year's best actress went to Meryl Streep.
本年度最佳女演员的得奖者是梅里尔·斯特里普。
②She has been awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard.
她获得了去哈佛大学读书的奖学金。
反馈2.1（2012·江苏启东中学期中）The football players in the local team were ______ with money for their efforts in winning the competition.
A．rewardedB．awarded
C．praisedD．valued
反馈2.2The committee decided to ______ the best film the first prize.
A．rewardB．benefit
C．payD．award
3．be off to 动身去，离开去某地
They were off to visit a friend of theirs.他们动身去拜访他们的朋友。
用法拓展含有off的短语
break（sth.）off（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 call off 取消 come off 脱落，从……离开 cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应） get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） give off 释放，发出，放出（烟、光、热等） go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响 keep off 勿踏，勿踩 pay off 还清（欠款），获得成功 put off 延期，拖延 set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销 turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等） carry off 夺走，携走 drop off 放下（某物），下车 fall off 跌落，下降 see sb. off 为某人送行 show off 炫耀
①She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰下一块巧克力给我。
②Since you cannot reduce the price，we may call off the deal as well.
您既然不能降价，那这笔交易不如就拉倒吧。
③We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.
我们正交谈时，线路被切断了。
④All the radioactive materials give off the harmful radioactive which can be deadly at high levels.
所有这些放射性材料都放出有害的射线，小则致癌，大能致死。
⑤The notice said “Keep off the grass”．
布告牌上写着“勿踏草地”。
⑥If you want to catch that train we'd better set off for the station immediately.
你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。
⑦The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.
喷气式飞机正要起飞时出了事故。
反馈3.1John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ______ him ______ at the airport.
A．send；away
B．see；off
C．leave；off
D．show；around
反馈3.2He is very famous now.However，his career ______ only after many years of hard work.
A．took on
B．took offC．took up
D．took out
反馈3.3Because of the rare snowstorm，the power supply of the city ______.The local government was trying its best to restore it.
A．cut off
B．broke off
C．turned off
D．put off
反馈3.4He worked hard before the College Entrance Examination，and it ______.His dream to go to college came true.
A．showed offB．paid off
C．put offD．took off
4．commit oneself to（doing）sth.＝be committed to（doing）sth.全身心地投入到某事，专心致志地做某事The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.
银行承诺他们会通过削减成本来提升盈利。
反馈4The man，______ to his work，often neglects his family.
A．committing
B．to commit
C．commit
D．committed
5．Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早晨一离开宿舍，我们就意识到把地图忘在房间里了。
hardly...when...“一……就……”。
由连接词 no sooner...than，scarcely...when，hardly...when 引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。句子的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
①No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.
他一上床就睡着了。②Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.
我刚一进教室，天就下起雨来。
③Scarcely had he arrived when his wife started complaining.
他人一到，他的妻子就开始抱怨。
反馈5.1 ______ I had a few problems to deal with.
A．Hardly have I arrived when
B．Hardly did I arrive than
C．Hardly had I arrived when
D．Hardly had I arrived than
反馈5.2______ got on the train than it began to move.
A．No sooner had I
B．I had no sooner
C．Hardly had I
D．I hardly had
6．To make string pictures，you need some card，thin string and glue.
想要制作细线画，你要有卡片、细绳和胶水。
To make string pictures在句中作目的状语。
1．动词不定式置于句首，有两种功能，一种是作主语，另一种是作目的状语。
1）动词不定式作主语，通常有两种情形：一种是不定式直接放在句首（这种形式较少），另一种是用it作形式主语，把不定式置于句末，达到平衡句子的目的。
2）不定式置于句首作目的状语是考查的重点，其后通常有逗号与主句隔开，相当于in order to。
2．V.ing 形式置于句首
1）动名词置于句首，作主语，常表示概括性的或一般性的行为。
需要注意的是，动名词作主语和表语应遵循对称原则，即主语用动名词时，表语也用动名词。
2）现在分词置于句首作状语，表明分词的逻辑主语与主句的逻辑主语一致，其否定形式是not doing。如果分词所表达的动作明显先于主句谓语动词表达的动作，则用其完成形式having done，否定形式是not having done。有时现在分词前面可以加上when，while，after，before，if，though，whether，unless 等连词，这时相当于 “连词＋主语（主句主语或it）＋be＋v.ing” 形式分句作状语时的省略。
有些经常用于句首的v.ing 形式短语已经转换成介词，主要有 according to 根据，judging from 从……判断，talking of 谈到，taking all things into consideration 全盘考虑等。另外还有一种常见的 “ 副词＋speaking”结构置于句首作整个句子的状语。
3．过去分词置于句首
过去分词置于句首作状语，通常表示被动或完成，说明谓语发生的背景或情况。
过去分词置于句首还有一种比较特殊的结构，即“be＋过去分词＋介词”结构表示状态的短语变化而来，也就是“be＋过去分词＋介词”短语置于句首表示状态时，可以直接省略掉be动词。同现在分词作状语时前面可以加when，while，though，if 等连词的情况一样，过去分词前也常加一些连词。
It is useless arguing with him about such a matter.
跟他争论这样的事情是没用的。
To sleep late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm.
为了早上睡懒觉，鲍勃把闹铃关了。
Judging from her accent，she must be an American.
从口音判断，她肯定是美国人。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
反馈6.1（2012·安徽合肥八中段考）More UN police have been sent there______the situation in Haiti in order.
A．kept
B．will keepC．to keep
D．keeping
反馈6.2—Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure，______ it completed on time，we'll work two more hours a day.
A．having got
B．to get
C．getting
D．get
反馈6.3______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A．ExposedB．Having exposed
C．Being exposedD．After being exposed
反馈6.4My cousin came to see me from the countryside，______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A．brought
B．bringing
C．to bring
D．had brought
反馈6.5When ______ different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities.
A．comparedB．being compared
C．comparingD．having compared
反馈6.6______ automatically，the email will be received by all the club members.
A．Mailed outB．Mailing out
C．To be mailed outD．Having mailed out
基础梳理整合
词汇拓展
1．calculate；calculator；calculation 2．Impressionism；impression；impress；impressive 3．changeable；change 4．admission；admit
语境记词
1．output 2．rewarded 3．changeable 4．scenery 5．admission 6．dip 7．abstract 8．cloth 9．committed 10．consensus
短语回顾
1．back 2．market 3．range 4．eager 5．as 6．off 7．on 8．build 9．case 10．reservation 11．up 12．out
考点归纳拓展
【思路点拨】
1.1 C leave是一般用语，着重强调“离开”“遗留下”的意思；desert “抛弃、遗弃某人”，此用法与abandon相同，但不用于放弃计划、打算等；quit“停止、中止或放弃（信仰、行动、工作等）”。
1.2（1）desert （2）abandoned
2.1 A 此处用reward表示“给以报酬”。
2.2 D award侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。
3.1 B 考查动词辨析和句意理解。句意：约翰明天要去伦敦，我要到机场去给他送行。send away意为“打发走”；see off意为“给某人送行”；leave off意为“停止”；show around意为“带领某人参观”。
3.2 B 考查动词短语辨析和句意理解。句意：他现在出名了。可是，他的事业是在经过多年的努力工作后才腾飞的。 take on意为“呈现；雇佣”；take off意为“脱下；走红”；take up意为“拿起；从事”；take out意为“取出，拿出”。
3.3 B 考查动词短语辨析和句意理解。句意：由于罕见的暴风雪，该城市的电力供应中断。当地政府正在积极努力修复。cut off意为“切断（线路），中断（供应）”；break off意为“（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止”；turn off意为“关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）”；put off意为“推迟”。
3.4 B 考查动词短语辨析和句意理解。句意：高考前他非常用功，他的努力有了回报，他圆了大学梦。show off意为“炫耀”；pay off意为“还清（欠款），获得成功”；put off意为“推迟”；take off意为“脱下；开始走红”。
4 D committed可看成形容词，意思是“投入的，忠诚的”。搭配为committed to（doing）sth.。句意是“那个人全身心地投入到工作中，经常忽略他的家庭”。
5.1 C hardly...when 引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。句子的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
5.2 A No sooner had...than...引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。句子的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
6.1 C 此处用动词不定式作状语，表示have been sent there的目的。
6.2 B to get表目的，相当于in order to get。
6.3 C Being exposed to sunlight for too much time在句中作主语。
6.4 B bringing在句中作伴随状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语my cousin。
6.5 C 分词短语相当于状语从句 when we are comparing different cultures。
6.6 A 分词短语作状语，相当于一个假设条件状语从句If it is mailed out automatically，email 与mail out 是动宾关系。